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1、2021-2022学年北京市昌平区高二上学期期中考试英语试题II .完形填空（共15小题;每题1.5分，总分值22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的 最正确选项。The Best Thing that ever Happened for Being NiceA few weeks ago, my family and I were at a restaurant. We had just finished having lunch when I excused myself to go to the 1.When I was in on
2、e of the stalls （隔间），the lady in the stall next to me was saying something. At first, I didnt realize what she was saying, but 2.1 heard her say, “No tissue! No tissue!” with an accent （口 音）.Sheseemed like she was really panicking （恐慌）,so I asked her if she ran out of toilet paper. Thankfully, she 3
3、 me and said, Yes! Yes!”I passed her some paper. When we got out of the toilet stall, she kept 4 me over and over. I said, “Youre welcome, Maam J and tried to leave. The lady stopped me 5 the toilet again, saying some things that I couldnt understand. I simply smiled at her and agreed quietly. She t
4、hen 6 on buying my lunch. I tried to politely 7, but the lady seemed so happy and determined to 8 me to lunch that I finally accepted.Some people were staring at me and the lady as T walked back to my family and our table, but T didnt care. The lady was 9 like I had just saved her life, and I was fe
5、eling like a 10.When I got back to our table, my parents were looking at me, puzzled. Their daughter had simply intended to go to the toilet for a minute or two,11 she came back with her entire meal completely paid for. When theyasked me to explain everything, I kept laughing for a while before I co
6、uld get out a single word.A few moments later, someone came up to us. It was the lady again. She thanked me again then 12that she had just moved to our 13 and that her English wasn*t very good. She also said that she hadbeen in that toilet stall for a long time, and despite her calling out to people
7、. No one gave her toilet paper. She thanked me again.The best thing that happened to me that day was not only getting a 14 meal, but more importantly,gaining a new understanding of what it means to be truly 1 5. The next time you have a chance to helpa stranger, remember this story.1. A. stageB. sho
8、pC. restaurantD. toiletA. naturallyB. eventuallyC. actuallyD. hurriedly3. A. understood3. A. understoodB. knewC. showedD. discoveredB. Graduation PanicLeaving HomeGrowing Up【答案】30.B31. B 32. A 33. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了作者在成年之际发现对于离开家的恐慌, 最终克服，知道家人会一直支持自己。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “My family has
9、 lived in my home since I was two years old. Seventeen years later, as I got ready to leave for university, my parents decided that it was time to move.（从我两岁起，我的家人就生活在我 家中。17年后，当我准备离开家去上大学时，我的父母决定是时候搬家了。）”可知，作者的家人在他们的 家里住了 17年了。应选B。【31题详解】细节理解题o 根据第三段 “I wasnt concerned with losing my childhood bedr
10、oom. What was bothering me was that Fd soon be completely responsible for myself.（我不担忧失去童年的卧室。让我困扰的是，我很快就要对自己 完全负责了。）”可知，作家不愿搬家的真正原因是害怕作为成年人承当责任。应选B。【32题详解】推理判断题，根据最后段 “Not really, however. Once youve had an adventure or two, you will still have a nice place to come back to for a nice visit.（但是，并不是真
11、的。一旦你经历了一两次冒险，你仍然会有一个不错的 地方回来参观。）”可推断，作者对于回家的感觉是感恩的。应选A。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段 “My family has lived in my home since I was two years old. Seventeen years later, as I got ready to leave for university, my parents decided that it was time to move.（从我两岁起， 我的家人就生活在 我家中。17年后，当我准备离开家去上大学时，我的父母决定是时候搬家了。）”及全文可知
12、，作者通过这 篇文章主要向我们描述了作者在成年之际发现对于离开家的恐慌，最终克服，知道家人会一直支持自己。 所以“Leaving Home（离开家）”作为文章标题最为合适。应选C。CA recent experiment proves that bees can save time and energy when they fly around to different flowers.Dr Nigel Raine, from the Royal Holloway University of London, has always been interested in finding out w
13、hy animal behave like they do. He is also interested in bees. It was not a surprise when he and some other scientists from Queen Mary University of London discovered that bees can quickly solve a problem that takes computers many days.Flowers make pollen （花粉）,and when bees visit them, they carry the
14、 pollen to other flowers. The plants need the pollen to make seeds that will grow. Dr Raine notes that we get a lot of our food from plants, so it is important to know how the bees move around and take the pollen between flowers. The scientists wanted to examine the journey that the bees take and ho
15、w they save energy when they do this. They completed the experiment on the roof of Queen Mary University, using artificial flowers and a large amount of nectar, a sweet liquid produced by flowers. They taught one bee to visit all the flowers in one place at the same time. When the bee got to know th
16、e location of the flowers well, they saw how it flew around and returned home with the nectar. After this, they changed the locations of the flowers. The scientists thought the bee would follow the route it knew already. This would mean that it followed a longer route than it needed to, and so it wo
17、uld use more energy. They watched the bee carefully as it travelled between the flowers in their new location, and they made notes. But in the experiment, the bee changed its route and flew a shorter distance.The problem that the bee solved is similar to a maths puzzle called the travelling salesman
18、 problem A salesman who goes to different places to sell things wants to travel the shortest distance. But he has to calculate the length of many possible routes to know which one is the shortest. A computer can calculate this but the experiment shows bees can do the same calculation quickly with a
19、tiny brain. Scientists are very interested in how they do this. It would help us to understand how pollen is moved around. In addition, if they find this out, it could help us to improve communication networks. This might help humans to reduce traffic jams when there is an accident, for example. 34.
20、 The underlined word “nectar“ in the third paragraph means.A. powderB. honeyC. vitaminD. waterThe researchers experiment found.A. bees could manage to avoid accidentsbees showed signs of being very intelligentbees could take the same route they knew beforebees were faster at calculating distance tha
21、n computers35. According to the last paragraph, the next step of the study is to discover how.A. pollen is moved aroundtraffic jams can be reducedbees can calculate so quicklycommunication networks are improved36. Where does this passage probably come from?A. A novel.B. A website.C. A science magazi
22、ne.D. An advertisement.【答案】34.B35. D 36. C 37. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇科普类阅读。这篇文章主要讲了最近的一项实验证明，当蜜蜂飞到不同的花时，它们可 以节省时间和精力。【34题详解】词义猜想题。根据下文a sweet liquid produced by flowers.（一种由花产生的甜液体）对“nectar”的解释，可知 “nectar”的意思是蜂蜜。A. powder粉末；B.honey蜂蜜；C.vitamin维生素；D. water水，应选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第二段 It was not a surprise when
23、 he and some other scientists from Queen Mary University of London discovered that bees can quickly solve a problem that takes computers many days.（当他和伦 敦玛丽皇后大学的其他一些科学家发现蜜蜂可以快速地解决一个需要电脑很多天才能解决的问题时，这并 不令人惊讶。）由此推断出研究人员的实验发现，蜜蜂比电脑计算距离更快，应选D。【36题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段 A computer can calculate this but the e
24、xperiment shows bees can do the same calculation quickly with a tiny brain. Scientists are very interested in how they do this.（计算机可以计算出这个, 但是实验说明蜜蜂可以用一个小小的大脑快速地做同样的计算。科学家们对他们如何做到这一点非常感兴 趣。）由此推断出根据最后一段，研究的下一步是发现蜜蜂是如何快速计算的，应选C。【37题详解】推理判断题。第段 A recent experiment proves that bees can save time and ene
25、rgy when they fly around to different flowers.是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了最近的一项实验证明，当蜜蜂飞 到不同的花时，它们可以节省时间和精力。由此推断出这篇文章最可能出自一本科学杂志，应选C。DA new study has found that social media could be affecting the sleep of young adults.The study is a project of researchers at the University of Pittsburghs School of Med
26、icine. They found that young people who often use social media are more likely to suffer from sleep disorders than those who use social media less.The researchers say doctors should ask young adults about their use of social media when treating sleep issues.This is one of the first pieces of evidenc
27、e that social media use really can affect your sleep,said Jessica C.Levenson. She is a postdoctoral researcher in the universitys Department of Psychiatry. She was the lead author of a report on the study. The researchers set out to examine the connection between social media use and sleep amongyoun
28、g adults.The researchers wanted to find out how often young people used social media sites like Facebook,Twitter and etc. For the study,they gave questionnaires to nearly 1,800 adults, aged 19 to 32. On average, members of the study group used social media sites one hour a day. They also visited var
29、ious social media accounts 30 times per week. Thirty percent of the studys participants reported having serious problems with sleeping. Those people who used social media a lot were three times more likely to have a sleep disorder. And those who spent the most time on social media were two times as
30、likely to suffer from sleep disturbances.Frequent checking is big part of the problem. Levenson said the number of times a person visits social media is a better predictor of sleep problems than overall time spent on social media. If this is true, she adds, then practices that stop such behaviors ma
31、y be most effective.Researchers say social media can influence sleep patters in a number of ways. People can lose sleep by staying up too late looking at social media. Sensitive issues argued about on social media can cause emotional, cognitive or physiologicalnexcitement. Using an electronic device
32、 can disturb a bodys natural sleep rhythms because of the light coming from cell phones or computer screens. The researchers note that in some cases, young adults who have a hard time sleeping may use social media to help them fall asleep“It also may be that both of these hypotheses （彳发定）are true, s
33、ays Brian A. Primack. He is director of the Center for Research on Media, Technology and Health. He is also the studys senior author. Primack says,Difficult sleeping may lead to increased use of social media,which may in turn lead to more problems sleeping. This cycle may be particularly problematic
34、 with social media. Many forms of social media involve interactive screen time that is stimulating （刺激）and rewarding and, for those reasons, can keep you awake.,From the results of the questionnaire, who are more likely to have a sleep problem?A. The participants aged from 19 to 32.B. The participan
35、ts visiting social media frequentlyThe participants using social media sites one hour a dayThe participants spending the most time on social media 39. The main purpose of the passage is to.A. compare and evaluateexamine and reasoninform and explainargue and conclude40. What is the best title for the
36、 passage?A. Social Media Is Keeping Young Adults AwakeDifficult Sleeping Is Affecting Sleeping PatternsElectric Devices Are Influencing Sleep RhythmsYoung Adults Are Suffering from Sleep Disorders【答案】38.B39. C 40. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了经常使用社交媒体的年轻人更有可能患有睡眠障碍。38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “They found that y
37、oung people who often use social media are more likely to suffer from sleep disorders than those who use social media less.（他们发现，经常使用社交媒体的年轻人比拟少使用社 交媒体的年轻人更容易患睡眠障碍）”和第三段“Thirty percent of the studys participants reported having serious problems with sleeping. Those people who used social media a lot
38、 were three times more likely to have a sleep disorder. And those who spent the most time on social media were two times as likely to suffer from sleep disturbances430%的研究参与者报告有严重的睡眠问题。经常使用社交媒体的人患睡眠障碍的可能性是其他 人的三倍。那些花最多时间在社交媒体上的人患睡眠障碍的可能性是其他人的两倍。）”可知，经常访问社 交媒体的参与者更有可能有睡眠问题。应选B。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主
39、要介绍了经常使用社交媒体的年轻人更有可能患有睡眠障碍。文章先 介绍了这一发现，然后对此做了专家访问和问卷调查，来说明这个发现的证据，因此推断本文的主要目的 是告知和解释。应选C。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 “A new study has found that social media could be affecting the sleep of young adults.（ 一项新的研究发现，社交媒体可能会影响年轻人的睡眠。）”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了经常使用 社交媒体的年轻人更有可能患有睡眠障碍。所以uSocial Media Is Keeping Young Adult
40、s Awake （社交媒体让 年轻人无法入睡）”作为文章标题最为合适。应选A。第二节（共5小题;每题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Getting Lost in a Good Book Can Help Keep You HealthyIm a novelist and its obviously in my interest to encourage people to read. But theres increasing evidence that reading isnt just fbr pleasure, o
41、r merely a way of improving literacy skills and factual knowledge. 41Firstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improves their ability to think clearly.42 It is essential to learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the better they get at it.Also, reading can he
42、lp people learn to empathize（产生共鸣）. A recent study at the University of Michigan found that there had been a 48% decrease in empathy among college students. 43 In a computer game, you might have rescued a princess, but you dont care about her, you just want to win. But a princess in a book has a pas
43、t, present and future, she has connections and motivations. We can relate to her. We see the world through her eyes.As a matter of fact, reading is far from a passive activity. Reading exercises the whole brain. When we read and imagine the landscapes, sounds, smells and tastes described on the page
44、, the various areas of the brain that are used to process these experiences in real life are activated, creating new neural pathways. 44 This doesnt happen when were watching TV or playing a computer game.Getting sucked into a good novel appears to be beneficial to our mental health too. 45 Reading
45、not only avoids feelings of loneliness, it helps us to wind down, de-stress and forget our own problems for a while. A. Stories have a structure that encourages their brains to think in sequence, to link cause, effect and significance. B. In other words, our brains model real experiences, just as if
46、 we were living them ourselves.C. When we read a good book were trying to find out its main idea.D. It might actually be good for our mental and physical health too.E. But those who did not enjoy these activities had lots of loss.F. As the old saying goes, Youre never alone with a book.”Encouraging
47、reading could overcome this.【答案】41.D42. A 43. G 44. B 45. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的证据说明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和事 实知识的一种方式，阅读还对身心健康也有好处。文章主要说明了阅读对人产生的一些积极作用。41题详解】根据上文 “ But theres increasing evidence that reading isnt just fbr pleasure, or merely a way of improving literacy skills and factual knowledge
48、.（但越来越多的证据说明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和 事实知识的一种方式）”结合后文主要说明了阅读对人身心所产生的好处，且上文中reading可对应到D选 项中it。故D选项“事实上，它可能对我们的身心健康也有好处”符合语境，应选D。【42题详解】根据上文 uFirstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improves their ability to think clearly. （首先，阅读有助于延长孩子的注意力，提高他们清晰思考的能力）”以及后文It is essential t
49、o learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the better they get at it.（从小学习这项技能是很重要的。他们做得越多，做 得就越好）”可知，本句为过渡句，承接上文具体说明阅读是如何提高思考能力的，且上文中improves their ability to think clearly 可对应到 A 选项中 encourages their brains to thinko 故 A 选项“故事有一个结构，鼓励 他们的大脑按顺序思考，把原因、结果和意义联系起来”符合语境，应选A。【43题详解】根据上文“A recent study at the University of Michigan found that there had been a 48% decrease in empathy amo