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1、高考英语易错词汇短语辨析一、travel, trip, journey三者均可表示“旅行”，区别如下：1. travel泛指一般意义的旅行，是不可数名词。如：He is fond of travel （= travelling）。他喜欢旅行。Travel is much cheaper than it used to be.现在旅行比过去廉价多了。注：有时可用复数形式，主要指时间较长的各处旅行，此时通常有物主代词修饰，但是尽管 用了复数形式，却不能与many或数词连用。如：He 飞 gone off on his travels again.他又夕卜出旅彳亍了。另外，travel通常只是泛指旅
2、行，而不特指某次具体的旅行，所以通常不说：How was your travel?2. journey通常指远距离的陆地旅行，并且不一定要返回到出发地（即通常指单程）。如：I wish you a pleasant journey.祝你一路顺风。He made a journey to Beijing.他去北京旅行了。注：journey有时并不指真正意义的“旅行”，而只是表示走过一段距离。如：How long is your journey to work? 你上班要走多远？3. trip通常指近距离的为了办事或消遣而进行旅行，并且往往要回到出发点（即指双程）， 不过有时trip也可指远距离的
3、长途旅行，可与journey换用，比jouimey更通俗。如：A： Where is John?约翰在哪里？B： He s on a trip to Shanghai.他去上海旅行了。He 4n make a round-the-world trip.他将周游世界。二、affect, effect, influence【区别一】affect与effect均可表示“影响”，其区别是：前者是动词（及物），主要指 一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响（不分好坏），也可指不良影响；后者是名 词（可数或不可数），两者的关系大致为：affect = have an effect on.如：To
4、affect a policy is to have an effect on it,影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影 响。The news did not affect her at all. =The news had no effect on her at all.这条）肖 息对她没有一点影响。注：effect有时虽用作动词（及物），但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。 如：They effected their escape in the middle of the night,他们半夜逃脱了。He effected great changes in the company
5、.他使公司发生了 巨大的变化。【区别二】influence表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化 的影响。可用作动词（及物）或名词（通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词）。如：What you read influences your thinking,你读的东西对你的思想有影响。Television has a strong influence on people.电视对人有彳艮大的影响。It s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso.她的画显然受了毕加索 的影响。三、aloud, loud, loud
6、ly1. aloud的用法aloud只用作副词，不用作形容词，注意以下用法：（1）强调“出声”，即把话说出来，而不是在心里默默地“说。通常与动词read, speak, think等动词连用。如：read aloud朗读 think aloud自言自语地说(2)表示“大声地”，通常与动词cry, laugh, shout, call等动词连用，如：The boy is crying aloud.这男孩子在大声哭。She called aloud for help.她大声呼救。2. lould的用法loud表示“大声”或“响亮”，可用作形容词和副词：(1)用作形容词。如：He has a lou
7、d voice.他嗓子大。The music is too loud； please turn it down.这音乐太吵人了，请把音量关小一点。(2)用作副词(与loudly同义)，一般只与动词speak, talk, laugh, sing等连用， 且必须放在这些动词之后。如：I can t hear you, please speak louder.我听不见，请说大声些。3. loudly的用法loudly只用作副词(与用作副词的loud同义)。如：Don t talk so loudly loud,别这么大声讲话。注：loudly比用作副词的loud使用范围更广，它除与speak, t
8、alk, laugh等动词连用外, 还可与其他表示声响的动词连用，且可以放在这些动词之前或之后。如：The man snored loudly.这个人鼾声打得响。He heard a cocklock loudly crow.他听见雄鸡大声啼叫。另外，在用于比拟级或最高级时，通常用loud,而不用loudly.如：Who laughed loudest?谁笑的声音最大？in the air 与 on the air1 . in the air在空中；在流传中；渺茫。如：Birds fly in the air.鸟在空中飞。There was thunder in the air.天上打着雷。T
9、he plan is quite (up) in the air,计划还相当渺茫。Look, hold it uP in the air like this.看着，像这样把它举在空中。2 . on the air在广播中。如：The show is on the air,演出正在转播。I heard the news on the air,我在广播中听到了这条消息。What s on the air this evening?今晚有什么广播节目?The show is on the air at seven o 4clock.这次演出七点钟播出。四、until 与 till用作介词或连词，意为
10、“直到(为止”，两者常可换用，只是until比till稍正式， 所以在正式文体中，一般用until,而在口语或非正式文体中那么两者都可用。从其后所接成分来 看，till多与名词或较短的从句连用，而较长较复杂的成分多用until,位于句首时也多用 until.两者在用法上应注意以下几点：L相关主句谓语必须是持续性动词，假设是终止性动词，那么应为否认式(因为终止性动词一旦 被否认就成为状态，便可持续)。如：We waited until till he came.我们一直等到他来。We didn t leave until till he came.直到他来我们才走。3 .引导时间状语从句时，其谓
11、语要用现在时表示将来意义。如：I won t leave until he comes back tomorrow.我要等他明天回来再走。4 .有时其后可跟副词、介词短语或从句等。如：He has been ill until recently.他最近一直生病。She didn t return until after twelve o clock.直到 12 点过后她才回来。They didn t reach the station until after the train had left.直至U”车开走之后, 他们才到达车站。Until when are you going to st
12、ay here?你在这儿要待到什么时候？before long 与 long before1. before long的意断是“不久,很快”。如：I 11 be back before long.不久我就回来。Before long he got married.不久他就结婚了。2. long before有两个用法：(1)老早，早就(单独使用，表示比过去某时早得多的时间)。如：She had left long before.她老早就离开了。That had happened long before.那事老早就发生了。注：long ago表示“很久以前”，指的是从现在算起的很久以前，通常与一
13、般过去时连用：I met him long ago,我很久以前就认识他了。(2)在的很久以前，在还没有的很久以前。如：She had left long before his return he returned.在他回来的很久以前她就走了。He had worked in the factory long before he got married.在他还没有结婚的很久以前 他就在这家工厂工作了。注：此时的主句谓语通常用过去完成时，但有时也可用一般过去时(因为before已表达了 动作的先后关系)。如：This happened long before you were born.这事在你还
14、没出生以前很久就发生了。另外注意以下句式：It is was, will be long before在前需要很久。如：It was long before he came back.过了好久他才回来。It won t be long before we see each other.不久我们又会见面的。比拟：It wasn t long before he realized his mistake. / Before long he realized his mistake. 不久他意识到了自己的错误。五、agree with, agree to 和 agree on(1) agree wi
15、th的意思是“同意”，“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词 作宾语。如：Does she agree with us?她同意我们的意见吗？None of us agree with what you said.我们没有一个人同意你讲的话。(2) agree with还有“与一致”，“(气候、食物等)适合”的意思。如：His words do not agree with his actions.他言彳亍不致。Too much meat doesn t agree with her.吃太多食物对她身体不合适。注意：agree with不能用于被动语态。(3) agree to意为“
16、同意”，“赞成”，后面跟表示“提议”，“方法”，“计划”，“安排”等的 名词或代词。如：Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。This plan has now been agreed to.这个计戈已经被认可了。(4) agree on表示“对取得一致意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或 是达成了某种协议。如：After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire.经过讨论, 双方就停:“Q问题达 成了协议。They all agree on the matter,他们在这个问题上意见
17、一致。K、besides, but, exceptL基本区别三者都可表示“除外”,但besides表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有”； 而except或but那么表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有二如：Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him.除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他 （即妻子女儿都去看过他）。Nobody went to see him except but his wife.除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他（即只有 他妻子去看过他）。注：在否认句中，besides也表示“除之外不再有”,与but, excep
18、t同义。如:No one passed the exam besides except Jim.除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。2 .关于 but 与 except（1）两者都可表示“除外不再有”，但含义上略有差异：but侧重指意义的几乎完 整性，而except那么侧重指后面除去的局部。比拟：All are here but one.除一个人都到了。All are here except one.还有个人没至I。）在现代英语中，but的介词用法十分有限，一般说来，它只能用在以下词语之后：no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等any, anyone, anybo
19、dy, anything, anywhere 等every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等all, none 等who, what, where 等Everyone knows it but you.除你之外大家都知道。I havent told anybody but you.除你之外,我没告诉任何人。No one but he him showed much interest in it.除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。一般说来，假设没有出现上述词汇，就不宜使用介词but,否那么可能造成错句。但是except却 没有以上限制。
20、比拟：正：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天夕卜， 这扇窗户从不翻开。误：The window is never opened but in summer.3 3） but 一定不能用于句首，except通常不用于句首：除我之外每个人都累了。正：Everyone is tired but （except） me.正：Everyone but （except） me is tired.误：But （Except） me, everyone is tired.注：except for可用于句首，表示except的意思：正：Except
21、for me, everyone is tired.七、no more than4 一）no more than 与 not more than1 .no more than的意思是“仅仅”“只有”“最多不超过”，强调少。如：This test takes no more than thirty minutes.这个测验只要 30 分钟。The pub was no more than half full.该酒吧的上座率最多不超过五成。For thirty years, he had done no more than he （had） needed to. 30 年来，他只干 了他需要干的工
22、作。2 . not more than为more than （多于）的否认式，其意为“不多于” “不超过”。如：Not more than 10 guests came to her birthday party.来参加她的生日宴会的客人不超过 十人。比拟：She has no more than three hats.她只有 3 顶帽子。（太少了）She has not more than three hats.她至多有3顶帽子。（也许不到3顶帽子）I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.我口袋里的钱最多不过5元。（言其少）I have not
23、more than five yuan in my pocket.我口袋里的钱不多于 5 元。（也许不到 5 元)(二)no morethan 与 not morethan1. no morethan表示对两者都否认，意为“同一样不(=neithernor)。如：He is no more a writer than a painter,他既不是画家，也不是作家。(=He is neither a painter nor a writer.)He s no more able to read Spanish than I am.他和我都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither he nor I am
24、 able to read Spanish.)I know no more Spanish than I know Greek.我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。(=1 know neither Spanish nor Greek.)2. not morethan指两者都具有某种特征，但是程度不同，意为“不如”“不及(=not so as)o 如：She is not more clever than he is.她不如他聪明。(=She is not so clever as he is.)This book is not more difficult than that one.这本书不及刃
25、K本书难。(This book is not so difficult as that one.)(三)no less than 与 not less than1. no less than的意思是“多达”“有之多”,强调多，与no more than意思相反。如：He made no less than 500.他赚了多达 500 英镑的钱。He paid no less than $10, 000 for it.他为此付了一万多美元。No less than 50 people offered to buy it.至少有 50 个人提出要买它。No less than 50 passeng
26、ers got killed in the train accident yesterday.死于昨天火 车车祸的旅客有50人之多。My father, no less than I, is a baseball fan.我的父亲不亚于我，也是个棒球迷。2. not less than为less than (少于)的否认式，其意为“不少于”“不下于”“至少: 如：He has not less than 10, 000 dollars.他至少有一万元。Not less than 500 people attended the meeting.参加会议的至少 500 人。比拟：He has no
27、 less than seven daughters,他有 7 个女儿之多。He has not less than seven daughters.他至少有 7 个女儿。（四）no morethan 与 no lessthan1. no morethan意为“与一样不”，用于否认两者。如：She s no more a great singer than I am.她不是优秀歌手，我也不是。A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.马不是鱼，鲸也不是鱼。He is no more an artist than you are a mathematic
28、ian.就像你不是数学家一样，他也不 是艺术家。2. no lessthan意为“和一样，用于肯定两者。如：Your brother is no less wise than you你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is.海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。Italian is no less a mother tongue for him than English.如同英语样， 意大利语也 是他的母语。（五）more than的用法1 .（指数量）多于 I ve known him for more than twe
29、nty years.我已认识他 20 多年了。2 .不只是，不仅仅是（通常后接名词、动词、从句等）He is more than a father to her.他待她胜过父亲。He more than smiled, but laughed.他不只是微笑，而是放声大笑。The result was much more than I imagined.结果远远超出我的想象。3 .极其，非常（通常后接形容词、副词或分词等1一I was more than pleased with the pay rise.薪水涨了，我高兴极了。He was more than upset by the acci
30、dent.他对这次事故感到非常难过。4 .难以，完全不能（其后通常连用情态动词can）That is more than I can tell.那事我实在不明白。The heat there was more than he could stand.那儿的炎热程度是他所不能忍受的。（六）less than的用法1 .（指数量）不到，缺乏 It s less than half an hour5 s drive from here.开车到那里 不到半个钟头。In less than an hour he finished the work.没要上一个小时，他就完成了工作。2 .比（小）少She
31、eats less than she should.她吃得比她应该吃的少。Half the group felt they spent less than average.半数人觉得他们的花费低于平均水平。3 .不太, 一，点也不 The boys were less than happy about having a party.开晚会男孩子们并不很高兴。_We were less than delighted to have company that day,那天有客人我们并不太高兴。He was less than helpful when we arrived.我们到达时他一点也不帮助
32、。（七）morethan的用法1 .比多,比更He has more books than me.他的书比我多。He is more careful than the others.他比其他人更仔细。2 .与其不如He is more lucky than clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。He is more （a） scholar than （a） teacher.与其说他是位教师，不如说他是位学者。注：该句型主要用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方面的比拟，其中的比拟级必须 用加more的形式，不能用加词尾-er的形式。（八）lessthan的用法1 .不像（如）He is
33、less honest than his brother.他不如他哥哥老实。2 .比少，不如多We drink less coffee than tea,我们喝咖啡不如喝茶多。I got less money than the others did.我比别人得到的钱少。3 .与其不如I regard him less as my teacher than as my friend.与其说我把他当作老师，不如说我 是把他当作朋友。注：表示此义时可与morethan结构替换（但要注意词序的变化）。如：He is less a teacher than an expert. / He is more an expert than a teacher.与其说 他是老师，不如说他是专家。