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1、2021-2022学年湖北省武汉市钢城第四中学高一上学期10月考英语试题第I卷第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）第一节（共5小题；每题分，总分值分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的 时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the woman do tonight?A. Be a volunteer.B. Go to a party.C. Buy a ticket.【答案】A【解析】【原文】 M:We are l
2、ooking for volunteers fbr tonights event. Are you available?W:Yes, but only after 6:00 p.m. when I get off work.M: The guests will arrive at 7:30 p.m., so that will be fine. You can be at the front desk to take the tickets.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What did the speakers just buy?A. A microwave.B. A gas s
3、tove.C. A fridge.【答案】C【解析】原文 W:This new fridge is awesome! Its so much bigger than our last one. Now all we need is a new microwave.M: Great! Lets go to Wal-Mart and pick one up. I am also going to start saving money for a new gas stove. We should probably get a new one next year.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查
4、看】What is the man thinking about?A. Food for breakfast.B. The life of a farmer.C. The noise made bychicken.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Whats that noise in the background?W: Its my chicken. She sounds like that every time she lays eggs. the way. In the 1950s, countries raced to claim the Antarctic continent for
5、resources and military installations. Enter the scientists. The 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year brought together scientists from competing countries to study Antarctica, and countries temporarily suspended their territorial disputes (争议). In 1959, 12 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty to
6、 preserve the continent for peaceful scientific discovery rather than territorial and military gain.Sixty years later, we must now save the Arctic. A new Marine Arctic Peace Sanctuary (MAPS) Treaty would protect the Arctic Ocean as a scientific preserve for peaceful purposes only. Similar to Antarct
7、ica, MAPS would prohibit resource exploitation, commercial fishing and shipping, and military exercises. So far, only 2 non-Arctic countries have signed MAPS; 97 more need to sign on to enact it into law. Scientists can help-just as they did for the Antarctic-by giving statements of support, asking
8、scientific organizations to endorse (支持)the treaty, communicating the importance of protecting the arctic to the public and policy-makers, and above all, by convincing national leaders to sign the treaty. In particular, Arctic nations must agree that recognizing the arctic as an international preser
9、ve is better than fighting over it. In 2021, these countries successfully negotiated a 16-year moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arctic high seas, demonstrating that such agreements are possible.Humans have only ever lived in a world topped by ice. Can we now work together to protect Arctic ec
10、osystems, keep the northern peace, and allow the sea ice to return?28. What can be inferred from the passage?A. wildlife relies on sea ice for food and water.B. The Arctic would be ice-free in 30 years. C. Sea ice slows down the global warming. D. The melting of sea ice releases CO2.29. The Antarcti
11、c is mentioned in the passage in order to.A. remind readers of the past of the Antarctic B. propose a feasible approach for the Arctic C. stress the importance of preserving sea ice D. recall how the Antarctic Treaty came into being 30. The word moratoriumz， (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to
12、. A.battleB.banC.memoD.protection31. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Antarctic: aSuccessful Comeback?B.Sea Ice andGlobal WarmingC.Arctic:theEarthsFutureD.Life Without Ice?【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B 31. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北极的海冰在不断减少，如果不加以保护，未来 将会出现根本无冰的现象，并指出了海冰的影响以及各国
13、达成一致努力保护海冰。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “By reflecting sunlight, Arctic ice acts as Earths air conditioner.（通 过反射阳光，北极冰起到了地球空调的作用）可知，海冰减缓了全球变暖。应选C项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 “To avoid the consequences the scientific community should advocate not just for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, but also for protecting t
14、he Arctic from exploitation. The Antarctic shows the way.（为了防止这种后果，科学界不仅应该提倡降低温室 气体排放，还应该提倡保护北极不被开发。南极就展示了这种方法）可知，文中提到南极 是为了展示一种保护北极可以效仿的方式。应选B项。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中 “In 2021, these countries successfully negotiated a 16-year moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arctic high seas, demonstrating t
15、hat such agreements are possible. （2021年,这些国家通过谈判成功达成了在北极公海 商业捕鱼16年的协议,证明了此类协议是可能的）由谈判成功，可知这些国家达成了在北极公海停止商业捕鱼16 年的协议，moratorium意为“停止，禁止，与ban意思最为接近。应选B项。31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中uBut now the world comes ever closer to a future without ice. The National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that 202 Ts minimum a
16、rctic sea ice extent was the second lowest on record. Arctic summers could become mostly ice-free in 30 years, and possibly sooner if current trends continue. As the northern sea ice declines, the world must unite to preserve what remains of the Arctic.（但是现在世界越来越接近一个没有冰的未来。美国国家冰雪数据 中心报告称，2021年北极海冰的最
17、小范围是有记录以来第二低的。北极夏季将在30年内根 本无冰，如果目前的趋势继续下去，时间可能会更早。随着北方海冰的减少，全世界必须团 结起来保护北极的剩余）和最后一段中“Can we now work together to protect Arctic ecosystems, keep the northern peace, and allow the sea ice to return?（我们现在能共同努力保护 北极生态系统，保持北极和平，让海冰恢复吗?）可知，本文主要讲述了北极的海冰在不断 减少，如果不加以保护，未来将会出现根本无冰的现象，并指出了海冰的影响以及各国达成 一致努力保护海冰
18、，因此本文的最正确标题选项D “没有冰的生活？ 符合题意。应选D 项。DHappiness is not natural. Ifs a mere human construct, ifs a state of contentment discouraged by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.Chasing happiness is like chasing a shadow, but the positive thinking indus
19、try claims to know its secrets. Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, an American minister. He invented positive thinking” , a concept now deeply rooted in our culture and steadily growing in influence.Popular films and books are full of supposedly inspirational statements about how all
20、 you need to do is believe in yourself and then youll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I dont think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are unavoidable, or cannot be overcome. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophi
21、cal and religious traditions are based on the acceptance that being alive is a very challenging task, which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of wellbeing and minimize our suffering, but the end result cannot be a s
22、tate of sustained happiness. We are not designed that way.It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their suffering, as it is based on the idea that unhappiness is entirely avoidable. It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent.
23、 Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable possibilities, which is much more punishing psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat.I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness indus
24、try tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, thn devil always has the best tunes.32. Which of the following statements will the writer probably agree?A. Happiness is a goal that can be achieved.B. Happiness is an ide
25、a created by human being.C. Popular culture helps discover the secrets of happiness.D. Happiness enables people to fight against our survival dangers.33. Whafs the writers attitude towards positive thinking industry?A. Disapproving.B. Supportive.C. Sympathetic.D. Indifferent.34. What does the writer
26、 mean by saying nthe devil always has the best tunes in last paragraph?A. Happiness industry has strong influence on people.B. People begin to accept that life is full of challenge.C. Reducing suffering can guarantee life-long happiness.D. Unhappiness will not necessarily dominate peoples life.35. W
27、hat can be a suitable title for the text?A. Happiness in SufferingB. The pursuit of HappinessC. The Happiness FantasyD. Happiness Chasing Industry【答案】32.B33. A 34. A 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章认为快乐不是自然就存在的，是人们自己架构出来的。追求 快乐就像追逐影子一样。挪威人Peale创造了正向思考来解释快乐，但作者认为有些磨难是 人生中不可防止的，最终结局也未必是持久的快乐。作者认为接受现实会更快乐和使人平静,
28、 但快乐确实对人有很大的影响。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 uHappiness is not natural. Ifs a mere human construct.,z 幸福不是 自然就有的。是人类创造出来的）由此可知，幸福是人类创造的一种观念。应选B项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 “This is simply, and obviously, not true. I dont think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are unavoidable, or c
29、annot be overcome/7 这 很简单，很明显，不是真。我认为没有必要解释生活中的许多障碍和不幸是不可防止的， 或者是无法克服的）由此判断出，作者对正向思考持反对的态度。应选A项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据上文 “I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with t
30、he world./,我相信接受生活本来的样子，而不是像幸福告诉我们的那样，会让我们 更快乐，我们会更加平和地面对自己和世界）再综合全文的语篇架构，第一段讲快乐的状态 会让人们降低对危险的警醒，第二段又讲正向思考根深蒂固，有很大的影响。第三四两段说 明作者不同的观点，第五段强调作者的观点，然后用了转折意义的词“Unfortunatefuly来 说明快乐的“魔力快乐对人有很大的影响。所以判断出，通过划线词的意思作者意在说明 快乐对人有很大的影响。应选A项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的Happiness is not natural. It a mere human
31、construct.幸福不是自然就有的。是人类创造出来的）和第二段的“Chasing happiness is like chasing a shadow, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets.（追逐幸福就像追 逐影子，但积极思考行业声称知道它的秘密）结合下文，挪威人Peale创造了正向思考来 解释快乐，但作者认为有些磨难是人生中不可防止的，最终结局也未必是持久的快乐。作者 认为接受现实会更快乐和使人平静，但快乐确实对人有很大的影响。所以短文的最正确标题 为“幸福梦想。应选C项。第二节（共5小题；每题分，总
32、分值分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最正确选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。In gardens across Britain the grass has stopped growing. 36 In fact, they are greener and tidier than before. That is because the lawns are actually artificial made from plastic.37 Country estates地产）have long competed to have the most perfectly cut gras
33、sland. “What youre saying in big loud capital letters, is Im so wealthy, says Fiona Davison of the Royal horticultural Society （RHS） , a society for eco-gardeners. With the coming of the grass-cutting machines, in 1830, the middle classes joined the fun.But now Britons have fallen in love with artif
34、icial grass. Evergreens UK, which sells the stuff, says it has seen a 120% rise in sales since 2021. Grass Direct reports they are up by 50% this year.38 These match different regions: Scottish turf （草皮）is darker than Cornish turf.Artificial grass is popular with families who have children or dogs a
35、nd dont want mud pulled behind through their houses. It has an attractive factor, too. Andy Driver of Evergreens UK says people now see gardens as outside rooms, -pairing carpets of artificial grass with comfortable seating.Not everyone is a fan. 39 A study finds earthworms 1 蚯蚓）gain 14% less body w
36、eight when operating under artificial grass. That might not be a problem for its fans, as worm holes are a regular headache, but it upsets green types. Extinction Rebellion dug up artificial grass outside a church in Harrogate in protest.Three protestors have tried to stop artificial grass spreading
37、. 40 The RHS is concerned about artificial grass, but prefers persuasion to law-making.A. Britons are fascinated by lawns.B. They are not lacking water or drought-stricken.C. These eco-gardeners are more likely to be environmentalists.D. Betap, a Dutch firm, has recently launched its first British d
38、esigns.E. Artificial grasses contain microplastics that ruin soil and risk flooding.F. Wildlife-loving gardeners are growing, many preferring to catch the insects.G. The government says restricting what people do in their backyards is wrong.【答案】36.B37. A 38. D 39. E 40. G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了人工草坪在英国
39、的流行以及不同人群对人工草坪的态 度。【36题详解】根据前句 “In gardens across Britain the grass has stopped growing.（在英国的花园中，草已经停 止生长。）fact, they are greener and tidier than before.（事实上，它们比以前更绿色，更整洁。）可知，此句说明草停止生长原因并非因为缺水或遭受旱灾，从而引出本文 的话题。B选项“They are not lacking water or drought-stricken.（它们没有缺水或遭受旱 灾。）符合题意，应选B。【37题详解】此空位于段首，对于
40、整段起概括的作用。从下文Country estates （地产）have long competed to have the most perfectly cut grassland.长期以来，乡村庄园一直在竞相拥有修剪得最完美 的草地“可以看到Britons着迷于草坪。A选项“Britons are fascinated by lawns. 1英国人 对草坪很着迷）符合题意，应选A。【38题详解】止匕空前 “Evergreens UK, which sells the stuff, says it has seen a 120% rise in sales since 2021. Grass
41、 Direct reports they are up by 50% this year.（销售该产品的 Evergreens UK 表示，自 2021 年以来，该公司的销售额增长了 120%.GrassDirect报告称，今年它们的价格上涨了 50%。） 有两家草坪公司蒸蒸日上的业绩，后文“These match different regions: Scottish turf草皮） is darker than Cornish turf.（这些草皮适合不同的地区:苏格兰草皮比康沃尔草皮颜色深。） 说这些与不同的地区匹配，所以可以推断出荷兰推出不同的设计来满足市场需求，与整段讲 述同一话题。
42、D 选项“Betap, a Dutch firm, has recently launched its first British designs. Betap, 一家荷兰公司，最近推出了它的第一个英国设计。）符合题意，应选D。【39题详解】根据后文 “ A study finds earthworms gain 14% less body weight when operating under artificial grass. That might not be a problem for its fans, as worm holes are a regular headache, bu
43、t it upsets green types.一项研究发现蚯蚓在人工草下活动时体重增加了 14%。这对它的粉丝来说可能 不是问题，因为虫洞是常见的头痛问题，但它却让绿色的人感到不安讲述人工草坪对 蚯蚓的影响以及有些人对人工草坪的抗议，E题前句Not everyone is a fanz, , E选项讲的 是人工草坪的危害，属于同一话题，是个完美的匹配项。E选项Artificial grasses contain microplastics that ruin soil and risk flooding.人造草含有微塑料，会破坏土壤并有洪水的风 险。）符合题意，应选E。40题详解】根据前文
44、uThree protestors have tried to stop artificial grass spreading.（三名抗议者试图阻止人 造草的蔓延。）”以及后文The RHS is concerned about artificial grass, but prefers persuasion to law-making.英国皇家园艺学会对人造草很关心，但比起立法，它更喜欢说服。）可知， 整段讲述不同对象对人工草坪的不同态度。前有反对者，后有关注者希望制定法律，G选项“The government says restricting what people do in their
45、 backyards is wrong.（政府说限制人们 在他们的后院做什么是错误的。）说明政府的态度，符合题意。应选G。第三局部语言运用（共两节，总分值30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Michael Todd wore the same old clothes for the first three weeks of school. When some kidsbegan to 41 that, they piled it on. Todd becam
46、e the target of 42, But there was littleTodd could do.The kids taking the 43 were Gan*ett and Graham. But over time, they realized their seemingly making fun of Todd was 44bullying(欺凌)and was hurting Todd. Tinallysomething 45 I knew I needed to do something 46 the thing got much worse,1Graham said.
47、So he and Garrett 47 a plan. The two went home and 48 through their rooms. They asked Todd to come into the 49 the next day at school. Todd was understandably nervous of being called out by them.He looked 50 J Graham said. *1 told him, *We make a (n)51 for starting theunkind thing, and want to 52it.
48、 He then handed Todd a bag. Inside were clean shirts and anew pair of shoes. Todd was 53Reflecting on the day he was called to the hall, Todd said itnmarked the 54 of my life”. Because he got much more than clothes and shoes. He*s no longer being 55 at lunch. Now he eats with his new friends, Garrett and Graham.41. A. recall42. A. criticism assistance43. A. lead44. A. privately constantly45. A. clicked46. A. once47. A. hatched promised48. A. rushed49. A. classroomrestroom50. A. innocent51. A. struggle52. A. get down to away from53. A. blown away54. A. challenge transformation55. A. hung