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1、非谓语动词专讲常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done 进行式to be doing语法功能：1） 主语： To master a foreign language is very important.2） 表语： My job is to drive them to the company every day.3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall? Can you give us some advice on what to do next?4
2、） 宾补： The teacher advised us to have a rest first. I didn t notice them come in.5）定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.6）状语： A.目的状语：She reads China Daily every day ie order to/ so as to /to improve her English.
3、注：in order to可以位于句首或句中，so as to不能位于句首。B.原因状语：Im glad to see you .C.结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见 到家乡解放。在“tooto.结构中表”太结果不能”,如：He is too weak to do the work. 注：too之前如果有only, only too表“非常,、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否认意, 而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit.他们很幸
4、运去国 外访问。另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如: She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.在“形容词/副词+ enough +不定式”结构中表“足以能如：He is strong enough to do the work .4.疑问词+不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。如： How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）We dont know when and where to go .（宾语）6.不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系
5、：1） 一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后, 或没有时间限制。例如：She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）4. itSo指e-mail所邮件所携带的信息。5. saves。又快又不用贴邮票当然是节省时间和金钱了。6. wheno由下文24小时都可发，可见无论何时发都没关系。7. nighto 24小时当然包括白天和黑夜。8. thereo由后文可知，无论你发给朋友或者朋友发给你，你或他可以在别的地方，而 不必在电脑旁。9. doesnt由后文可知，是没有关系。另外，matter用作动词时，一般只用于疑问句或 者否认句，此处不是
6、疑问句，那就应是否认句了。10. filrrio由at the cinema可知是在看电影了。It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生.如：She
7、 happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.7.不定式的被动式如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.分词1 .分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词 那么有:一般主动式doing, 一般被动式being done,完成主动式having done,完成被动式 having been done.语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。2 .现在分词和过去分词的区别：1）语态不同：
8、现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例 如：the moving film 动人的电影，the moved girl 受感动的姑娘，a running machine 一台转动的机器，a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的 动作。如：a developing country 开展中的国家，a developed country 兴旺的国家.现在分词的基本用法：一般主动式用法：A. 作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.（ = The child who
9、 is sleeping is.）/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.（=The girl who is writing a letter can.）The factory making TV sets is very large.（=The factory which makes TV sets is very large.）B. 作表语： The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.C.作宾补：学用于 see, watch, h
10、ear, feel, find, have, keep 等动词之后。如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house./Don t keep the students doing homework all day.注： 例如：I heard them singing in the room when I passed it.（singing 不可改为 sing） Do you often hear them sing in the room ?（sing 不可改为 singing
11、）have sb. do sth.与 have sb. doing sth.的区别：前者 have=let,后者 have 有时表 keep”意,有时表“employ （雇用）”意。如：ril have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。ril have him working in my compary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。Don* have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。D.作状语：时间状语:Reading the letter, I couldnt help thinking of my school life.原因
12、状语：Being ill, I didnt go to school yesterday.方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.2）完成主动式用法：这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作 之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.如：Having finished her homework, she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.3） 一般被动式用法：表示正在发生的被动动作如：The car being re
13、paired is mine.（=The car which is being repaired is mine.） /Being repaired.the car cant be used.（=As/Because it is being repaired, the car cant be used.）4）完成被动式用法：表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作如： Having been praised a second time J decided to make still greater progress.5.过去分词的基本用法：1） 作定语：The stolen car was found
14、 by the police last week.2） 作表语：The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom,the door was locked.3） 作宾补： You must have/get your hair cut.4） 作状语： Given more time ,we can do the work much better.6 .独立主格结构：当分词有它自己的独立主语（不同于句子主语的名词或代词）时，那么是一种独立主格结构形式，在句中作状语、定语等。如：The bell ringing, we all stopped tal
15、king.(=When the bell rang,we all stopped talking.)There being no bus, we had to walk home. (=There was no bus ,so we had to walk home.).使用现在分词的几个注意点：作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.(正) (Standing=When we stood)Standing on top of the
16、tall building, the whole city could be seen.(误)现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：作宾语时， 现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词那么表示一个已发 生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：Do you see the hospital being built / built there?The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚 洲相连的洲是非洲。作原因状语，现在分词被动式
17、与过去分词可以互换。例如：Being led( = Led )by the Party, the Chinese people have won great victories.作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。如： The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.作时间状语，假设动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词 一般被动式或完成被动式。如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。如： Dis
18、cussed( = Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at last. 如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，那么宜用现在分词完成被 动式，而不用过去分词。如：Not having been invited, she had to stay at home.(5)在have, get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式 作宾补。如：Fil have my hair cut.(cut 不能改为 being cut 或 be cut) He got his watch repaired
19、.(repaired 不能改为 being repaired 或 to be repaired)8.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式已学的心理状态动词有：astonish, bore, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move, please, puzzle, satisfy, surprise, shock, tire ,trouble, upset,worry 它们的-ing 形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting./a boring
20、 report,a tiring walko它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl/Fm tired.但是也有-ing形式和人 连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader 一位有感召力的领袖， an amusing girl 一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression 一种迷惑不解的表情， She said in a frightened voice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。动名词动名词的基本用法:作主语：Talking is easier than doing, /it isnt necessary explaini
21、ng to him. /Its no use waiting here.作表语： My hobby （爱好）is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking. 作宾语： He has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing?作定语： This is her father s walking stick.动名词的复合结构:his/him working there, Wang Dong9s/Wa
22、ng Dong working there 语法功能：作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.（动名词的复合结构在 句首作主语时，只能用sb飞的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。）作宾语：I dont like his/him staying with us.作表语：My joy is his winning the tabletennis game, （his 不能改为 him）.在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习 惯用语中，用动名词的
23、一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。如：I remember lending/ having lent him some money before.He forgot promising /having promised me that. /After finishing his homework,he went out for a walk.动名词的被动式如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动 式。如： The problem is far from being settled. 动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比拟作主语：多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing i
24、s believing.=To see is to believe. Talking is easy and doing is difficult.=To talk is easy and to do is difficult.(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：It took him two hours to finish the work. To be a scientist is his desire (愿望).(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：Getting up early is a good habit.作宾语：有些动词
25、跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多：begin, start, continue, love, prefer 等。有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide. 有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, can t help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off (延 迟) =delay, suggest, feel like, look forward
26、 to, devote. .to(doing)9be worth.(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差异，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go onA.forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事=forget having done sth. = forget to have done sth.B.remember to do sth.记住要做某事remember doing sth.记住做过某事C.regret to do sth.
27、遗憾(要)做某事regret doing sth.懊悔做了某事D.stop to do sth.停下(原事)去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事非谓语动词专练1 .more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.To giveB.Having given C.GivenD.Giving.The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out inthe 16th century.A.to be written B.writtenC.being
28、 writtenD.having written.The missing boys were last seen near the river.A.to playB.playC.to be playing D.playingn thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.To loseB.LostC.Having lostD.Losing.When passing me he pretended me.A.to seeB.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen.Th
29、e children insisted there on foot.A.they goingB.they would go C.on their going D.going.He still remembers to Shanghai when he was very young.A.takingB.being takenC.takenD.having taken.the railway station,we had a break,only the train had left.A.Arriving at;to findB ing to;discovering thatC.On arrivi
30、ng at;finding outD.Hurrying to;to have found out.With the boy the way,we had no trouble the way to Zhongshan Park.A.leading;finding;leadingB.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led5 .these pictures,! couldn t help thinking of those days when I was in Beingand from the top of a thi
31、rty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen.1 can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET)A.to have sailed B.to sailC.sailingD.sail12.1f you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air againstyour
32、face.(MET)A.movedB.movingC.movesD.to move13.is known to all,China will be an and powerful country in 20 or 30years time.A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing14.While shopping,people sometimes can t help into buying something theydon t really need.A.persuadeB.persuadingC.being
33、 persuaded D.be persuaded15.There was terrible noise the sudden burst of light.(MET)A.followedB.followingC.to be followed D.being followedI.填空，填入动名词的适当形式.l.Can you imagine yourself in a lonely island? (stay)2.1 cant understand your at that poor child.(laugh)3.She didnt mind overtime.(work)4.To make
34、a living, he tried,and various other things, but he had failed in all .(write; paint)5.We are looking forward to Mary*s . (come).6.She was praised for the life of the child.(save)7.She ought to be praised instead of(criticize).8.1s there any possibility of our the championship?(win)9 .He came to the
35、 party without(invite)10 . Dont keep me(wait) for a long time.III.根据句意改写句子The old man is so old that he cant work.The old man is too old .1. I dont know how I can get to the TV factory.I dont know to the TV factory.2. Mr. Green went back to England for a holiday.Mr. Green went back to England a holi
36、day.3. Mike hopes he can visit the Great Wall on day.Mike hopes the Great Wall one day.4. Does he say anything for himself at the meeting?Does he have anything for himself at the meeting?5. He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.He is strong the heavy box.6. He spent two hours doing the wor
37、k.It him two hours the work.7. Its time fbr school.Its time school.(I)根据短文内容在空格处填入一个适当的单词，使短文的意思完整，需填单词的第一个字母已经给出0Are you able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someone anywh ere in the world without putting a stamp on it? W(1) e-mail you can ju st do that. Using a c(2) you can send e-mai
38、l quickly and easily. The p ost is much s(3) than e-mail. E-mail can send i(4) message to th e other side of the world in seconds.E-mail is easy to use and it s(5) time and money. The differences in time in different parts of the world, do not matter w(6) sending e- mail. It is twenty-four-hour serv
39、ice that you can send e-mail at any time of th e day or n(7). No one has to be t(8) to receive e-mail. It d (9) matter if your friends are in bed when you send e-mail to them, or you are seeing a f(10) at the cinema when they send e-mail back.非谓语动词专练答案15CBDBD610CB AAA1115CBCCB1620 CAD CA 2125 ADBCA参
40、考答案 I、(B) 1.staying参考答案 I、(B) 1.staying2.1aughing3. working4.writing; painting7.being criticized10. waiting13. operating16.eating19.laughing5 ing8.winning11. cutting14. talking17. listening20. going6.having saved9.being invited12. reading15. helping18.buyingto work 2. how to get 3. to have 4. to visit 5. to say 6. enough to carry7. took, to doI【答案与解析】本文介绍了发e-mail的优点。1. W汕。把问题和答语结合起来考虑可知，要表达的是“有了 e-mail,就可以做得到这 点了“。此处介词with意为“有”。2. computero能够发e-mail的当然是电脑了。3. slowero根据下文用e-mail可以在几秒钟内就可将信息可发往世界各地，可见邮局邮 寄比发email要慢得多。