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1、?Numerical Method?Center?Spread?PositionKey Features?Measures of Central Tendency?Mean(average)?/(?)?(!)!=$%&%()$%?i?(i=1,2,N)?N?X+?X+=,%-%(.,%?i?(i=1,2,n)?n?Measures of Central Tendency?Median(M):?T?n?;?d?;?/=.+12?M?l?Measures of Variation?Range?Interquartile range?t?Standard deviation?t?Standard d
2、eviation?t?Population standard deviation(3)3=($%!)7&%()?t?Sample standard deviation8=(,%$9)7-%(.1?t?t?b?u?t?)?Variance?0?Measures of Position?(quartile)?(percentile)?t?(standardized scores,z-scores)?T?o?T?z-scores?TG?G?:8;=?t?South Bend City and North Bend CityCity?t?South Bend8012North Bend844?v95?ABCDEF=95 8012=1.25A-CJEF=95 844=2.75?Boxplot(Box-and-whiskers plot)Lower Bound(L)=Q1-1.5IQRUpper Bound(U)=Q3+1.5 IQR