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1、自考英语(二)课文语法讲解unit-4-work-is-a-blessingNewwordsimmigrantn.移民,侨民;从异地移入的动物adj.移民的,移来的;侨民的Augie,like his author,is a Jew,born among the immigrant poor.奥吉和他的塑造者一样,是犹太人,出身于穷苦的移民家庭。词根:migr =remove,表示迁移同根词adj.migratory迁移的,流浪的 immigrant移来的,移民的(im进入+migr迁移+ant的adj.移来的,移民的)n.migrant移民,候鸟(migr迁移+ant人或物迁移的鸟候鸟)mi
2、gration移民,移植,移往,移动(migrate迁移,移居+ion动作或状态migration移民;移往)Farmers have learned that they have to migrate if they want to survive.农民们已经认识到,想要生存就必须外出打工。Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。emigrate移居者流亡v.(e出+migr移+en.移居者尤指因政治因素而移居外国者,流亡者)The family decided to shake the dust off the
3、ir feet and emigrate to Australia.这一家人愤然离开,移居澳洲。Newwordsremindvt.使想起,使记起;提醒Can you remind me to buy a bottle of Martini?.你能提醒我买一瓶马提尼酒吗?So she simply welcomed him and reminded him of the last time they had met.于是她只是对他表示欢迎,并且提醒说他们上次见过面。Need I remind you who the enemy is?还需要我来提醒你敌人是谁吗?Newwordscontribut
4、evt.&vi.贡献出;捐赠(款项);投稿;出力 They say they would like to contribute more to charity,but money is tight this year.他们说他们很想捐献更多的钱支持慈善事业,但是今年的钱非常紧张。I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。Stress,both human and mechanical,may also be a contributing factor.来自
5、人的和机械方面的压力可能也是一个因素。Newwordssinkin下陷;被吸收,被了解;Wood does not sink in water.木头不会沉入水中。It took a long time for the bad news to sink in.人们花了很长时间才弄明白这个坏消息。Its a signal to them thatll sink in.这对他们是个信号,这个信号是会起作用的。Newwordsbe prepared for使)为作准备;(使)对有思想准备 Is the meal prepared for our guests?这是为我们的客人准备的饭菜吗?The ra
6、dio alerted the citizens to prepare for the hurricane.电台警告市民们作好预防暴风准备。Strive for the best,prepare for the worst.作最坏的打算,争取最好的结果。Newwordsbring in把拿进来;带进来;收获(庄稼等);赚(钱)I have three part-time jobs,which bring in about 14,000 a year.我有3份兼职工作,一年能挣大约14,000英镑。The firm decided to bring in a new management tea
7、m.该公司决定聘请新的管理团队。The jury took 23 hours to bring in its verdict.陪审团花了23个小时才作出裁决。(作出,宣布(裁决))bring up 养育;提出;I dont know how they manage to bring up four childrentheyre as poor as church mice.我不知道他们如何设法养育4个孩子他们一贫如洗bring to life:使 苏醒。Newwordslookforwardto期望,盼望;瞩望 I look forward to hearing from you in the
8、 near future.我盼望着不久收到你的信。有些人可能会说这事实上算不上什么负担,她应该想想自己有多幸运。They look forward to their rebirth as a nation.他们期待着全民族的新生。We look forward to seeing you again.我们期待着与你再次相见。Every year people look forward to the day with great eagerness.每年人们都急切地盼望那一天。look into 在里查资料;深入地检查;调查;观察The government will look into how
9、 to reduce unemployment.政府将研究如何降低失业率。He chooses to look into the matter till the truth is out.他决定调查那件事直至真相大白。look out 向外看;面向;朝外;当心Look out for symptoms of depression.留心看有无抑郁症状。look for寻找(某人或某物);找(麻烦);找(苦头)吃;希望得到 Newwords1.look after 照顾,照料 2.look ahead 向前看,着眼未来3.look as if 看上去好像4.look at 看着5.look aro
10、und/about 四处看看,四下环顾6.look back 回头看;回顾7.look down upon(on)看不起,轻视8.look forward to 盼望,期待9.look into 朝.看去;调查10.look like 看上去象11.look on 旁观,观望13.look out 当心,小心,留神14.look out 警惕15.look through 浏览,翻阅,温习,仔细查看;透过.看16.look up 查寻,查阅;抬头看语语气气英英语语的的动词动词一般可一般可带带有三种不同的有三种不同的语语气:气:陈陈述述语语气,祈使气,祈使语语气和虚气和虚拟语拟语气。不同气。不同
11、的的语语气用气用动词动词的不同形式(有的的不同形式(有的还还借助借助句法形式)来表示。句法形式)来表示。虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念 一、一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去相反的相反的假设假设与与将来将来相反的相反的假设假设If+主主语语+动词动词的的过过去式去式(动词动词be用用were
12、)主主语语+should,would,might,could动词动词原形原形If+主主语语+had+过过去分去分词词主主语语should,would,might,couldhavedone1、If+主主语语+动词过动词过去式去式2、If+主主语语+wereto+动词动词原形原形3、If+主主语语+should+动词动词原形原形主主语语should,wouldmight,could动词动词原形原形eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,Iwoul
13、dgotoAmerica.如果我是你,我就会努力学如果我是你,我就会努力学习习如果我知道他的如果我知道他的电话电话号号码码,我就,我就给给他打他打电话电话了了如果明天下雨的如果明天下雨的话话,我,我们们会取消比会取消比赛赛IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshouldweretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:使用虚使用虚拟拟条件句要注意的几点:条件句要注意的几点:当条件状当条件状语语从句表示的
14、行从句表示的行为为和主句表示的行和主句表示的行为为所所发发生的生的时间时间不一致不一致时时,被称,被称为为:错综时间错综时间条件句条件句“,动词动词的形式要根据它所表示的的形式要根据它所表示的时间时间作出相作出相应应的的调调整整Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你听我的建如果你听我的建议议,你,你现现在就会痊愈了在就会痊愈了如果你努力学如果你努力学习习的的话话,你,你现现在就会是大学生了在就会是大学生了省略句省略句在条件句中,
15、可省略在条件句中,可省略if,把,把were,had,should提到提到句首,句首,变为变为倒装句式倒装句式IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.二、虚二、虚拟
16、语拟语气在名气在名词词从句中的运用从句中的运用(1)用于)用于宾语宾语从句从句、wish后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语其谓语动词形式为:动词形式为:表表现现在在过过去去时时表表过过去去过过去完成去完成时时表将来表将来would,might,could动词动词原形原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwouldcouldgo.2.2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建
17、议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意:注意:suggest当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时讲时,insist表表示示”坚坚持持认为认为“之意之意时时,应应用用陈陈述述语语气。气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwit
18、hourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他他脸脸上的表情表明他上的表情表明他对对我我们们的工作很的工作很满满意意那个人那个人坚坚持持说说他没有他没有偷钱偷钱在在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等等名名词词后的表后的表语语和同位和同位语语从句中从句中要用要用“should动词动词原形原形”should可以省略可以省略(2)用于表)用于表语语从句和同位从句和同位语语从句从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeaccepting
19、it.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.A.在句型在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中,中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词后面的从句中的谓语动词用:用:should+动词原形动词原形1.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2她这样做是很自然的。她这
20、样做是很自然的。Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.3重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.(3)虚拟语气在)虚拟语气在在主在主语语从句中从句中B.在在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中句型中从句用从句用(should)+动词动词原型原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat.句型中句型中从
21、从句也常用句也常用(should)+动词动词原型原型Itsapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.1.Itis(high/about)timethat从句中的从句中的谓谓语动词语动词用用过过去式或去式或should动词动词原形,原形,should不能省略不能省略三、虚三、虚拟语拟语气在其他从句中气在其他从句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引引导导的感的感叹叹句(要是句(要是该该有多好啊有多好啊)表示表示现现在的情况在的情况,应应用用过过去式去式;如果是如果是过过去的情况去的情况,应应用用过过去完
22、成去完成时态时态 IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!3.wouldrather+从句从句动词动词用用过过去式或去式或过过去完成去完成时时Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.4.asif(asthough)看起来看起来常用虚常用虚拟拟形式,即形式,即表示与表示与现现在事在事实实相反,用相反,用过过去式;与去式;与过过去事去事实实相反相反用用过过去完成式去完成式(haddone).Hetreats/treatedtheboyasi
23、fhewerehisownson.Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit5.evenif(eventhough)即使即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.四四情情态动词态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以本来可以-mighthavedone本来可能本来可能-should/oughttohavedone本来本来应该应该做做-shouldnt/oughtnottohavedone本不本不该该做做-你本不你本不
24、应该应该告告诉诉她真相。她真相。Youshouldnthavetoldherthetruth.neednthavedone本不必做本不必做-比比较较:didntneedtodo没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做-我没必要擦窗我没必要擦窗户户。我兄弟做了。我兄弟做了Ididntneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做本来会去做-我没有足我没有足够够的的钱钱否否则则我会我会买买那本那本书书的的Ididnthaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.Choosethebesta
25、nswer:1.Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_speaktwoforeignlanguages.2.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would3.2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment_before5:30pm.4.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished5.3.He_youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.6.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven7.4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,
26、there_noNewChina.8.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.wasCAAA5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen8.You_comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.haveBBcA此此课课件下件下载载可自行可自行编辑编辑修改,修改,仅仅供参考!供参考!感感谢谢您的支持,我您的支持,我们们努力做得更好!努力做得更好!谢谢谢谢