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1、语法填空之名词解析7.以元音字母以元音字母+e结尾的去结尾的去e+ly:true-truly,8.8.以以ic结尾的词,加结尾的词,加ally,如:,如:economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically需注意需注意:friendly;motherly;lovely,likely,等词是形等词是形容词而非副词。容词而非副词。高考英语改革之语法填空之词性及词形归纳sufferingn痛苦;苦难suffervt.&vi.遭受;经
2、历;患病donatev捐donationn捐赠decoratev装点;美化decorationn装饰物;imaginationn想像;空想imaginevt.想像reflectv反映;显示;表达reflectionn反射;irregularadj.不规则的;无规律的regularadj.规则的organisedadj.有组织的;有系统的organisevt.组织organisationn组织patientadj.耐心的n病人patientlyadv.耐心地patiencen耐心immediatelyadv.立即,即刻immediateadj.立即的appreciatevt.感激apprecia
3、tionn感激;欣赏respectvt.&n尊敬;尊重respectfuladj.表示尊敬的relaxedadj.轻松的relaxv(使)轻松relaxationn放松;轻松similarlyadv.类似地similaradj.similaritynattractiveadj.有吸引力的;吸引人的attractvt.吸引attractionn吸引(力)fortunateadj.幸运的fortunatelyadv.fortunen运气;财富unfortunatesurvivevi.死里逃生survivaln幸存survivorn幸存者mixturen混合物mixvt.混合electricityn
4、电electricadj.用电的electricaladj.与电有关的;电气化的conclusionn结论concludev下结论equipmentn设备equipvt.reactvi.反应reactionn反应concentratevi.集中(注意力、思想等)concentrationn专心,dangerndangerousadj.endangervt.使遭受危险endangeredadj.濒危的powerfuladj.有力的powern权力reducevt.减少reductionnconcentratevi.集中(注意力等)concentrationn专心dangerndangerousa
5、dj.endangervt.使遭受危险endangeredadj.濒危的powerfuladj.有力的powern权力reducevt.减少reductionnconnectionn联系;关联connectedadj.连接的,相连的connectv连接treatmentn治疗treatvlosevt.失去;丢失lossn损失lostadj.丢失的;迷失的composevt.作曲;创作compositionn作曲;作品influencevt.influentialadj.colourfuladj.彩色的colourtraditionaladj.传统的;习俗的traditionallyadv.传统
6、上地traditionn传统observevt.观察;注意到observationn观察exhibitionn展览exhibitvt.expressionn表现expressvt.realisevt.了解realityn现实destroyvt.破坏;毁坏destructionn破坏;毁坏delightfuladj.令人愉快的;可爱的delightn愉快,高兴delightedadj.高兴的braveadj.勇敢的braverynarguevi.争论argumentnhungern饥饿hungryadj.povertyn贫穷pooradj.educatevt.教育educationnsimila
7、rityn相似similaradj.相似的similarlyadv.相似地pollutedadj.受到污染的pollutevt.污染pollutionn污染possibilityn可能;可能性possibleadj.可能的possiblyadv.可能地luckilyadv.幸运地;幸亏luckyadj.幸运的luckn运气complainvi.抱怨;发牢骚complaintn抱怨protectionn保护municatevi.传递交流communicationn交流equalityn平等equaladj.平等的socialadj.社会的societyn社会naturaladj.naturens
8、atisfyvt.使满意;使满足satisfactionn满意volunteern志愿者voluntaryadj.自愿的applyvi.申请applicationnfreedomn自由freeretirevi.退休;retirementn退休退役retiredadj.退休的performvi表现performancen表现;表演competev竞争competitionprotectvt.保护protectiondefinitelyadv.确定地definiteadj.一定的definitionn定义hesitatev犹豫,迟疑hesitationn犹豫,迟疑marryv结婚,娶,嫁marri
9、edadj.结婚的marriagen婚姻possessv拥有possessionn所有物,财产closeadj.亲密的,亲近的closelyadv.紧紧地,仔细地financiallyadv.财政上地financialadj.财政上的,金融的financen财政livelyadj.活泼的,有生气的liveadj.活的,直播的;regretv后悔regretfuladj.forgivev原谅,宽恕forgivenessn原谅combinev结合,联合combinationn联合reliefn解除,减轻,调剂relievev解除,减轻,缓和collectionn收藏;收藏品collectv收藏,收
10、集refusev拒绝refusaln拒绝,beneficialadj.benefitn益处,attractv吸引attractionn吸引attractiveadj.吸引人的considerv认为;考虑considerationn考虑crueladj.冷酷的crueltynservev.端上(饭菜等)servicen服务;服役desperateadj.绝望的desperatelyadv.绝望地intendv打算intentionndistributev.分发,分配,分送distributionn分发devotev为付出时间/努力/金钱等devotionnpatiencen.耐心patienta
11、dj.耐心的contributev促成contributionproposev建议proposalnsuccessnsucceedvsuccessful1 1、名词的单、复数、名词的单、复数;2 2、可数与不可数名词的转换;、可数与不可数名词的转换;3 3、名词作定语;、名词作定语;4 4、名词的搭配、名词的搭配;5 5、动词变名词或形容词变名词、动词变名词或形容词变名词高考考点分析可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词复数的规则变化有以下情况:1一般情况,直接加-s:e.g.port-ports,technique-techniques,hen-hens,hat-hats 2以s,x,ch,
12、sh结尾发s、t、d音的词,加es:e.g.busbuses,boxboxes,bushbushes,branchbranches,注:stomachstomachs(stomach词尾发/k/,故复数直接加-s)3辅音字母+y,变y为i,加-es:e.g.universityuniversities,city-cities,story-stories 元音字母+y,直接加-s:e.g.boyboys,day-days 特例:Henry(亨利)-Henrys,Mary-Marys,stand-by(备用的人或物)-stand-bys,penny(便士)-pennies/pence 4以o结尾
13、加-es:e.g.NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes,volcano-volcanoes,mosquito(蚊子)-mosquitoes,echo(回音)-echoes 加-s:e.g.zoozoos,kangaroo-kangaroos,studio-studios,radioradios,pianopianos,photophotos,bamboo-bamboos,hippo(河马)-hippos,tobacco(烟叶)-tobaccos,kilo(千克)-kilos,auto(汽车)-autos 特例:motto(座
14、右铭,箴言)-mottos/mottoes,zero-zeros/zeroes 5以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es:e.g.leafleaves,wifewives,thief-thieves,half-halves 特例:beliefbeliefs,roofroofs,proofproofs,safesafes(保险柜),cliff(悬崖)-cliffs chiefchiefs,gulfgulfs(海湾),serf(农奴)-serfs,staff(工作人员)-staffs,cafe(咖啡馆)-cafes,grief(悲痛的事)-griefs handkerchief(手帕)-han
15、dkerchiefs/handkerchieves,scarf(围巾)-scarfs/scarves,问题问题问题问题1 1:-Howmanydoesacowhave?-Four.AstomachesBstomachCstomachsDstomachies以以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词变复数时加等结尾的名词变复数时加es;但如果以但如果以ch结尾的名词发音为结尾的名词发音为k时,只加时,只加s。另外,以辅音字母另外,以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,需将结尾的名词变复数时,需将y变成变成i,再加,再加-es;以元音字母;以元音字母+y结尾的则直接结尾的则直接加加-s。以辅音字母加。以辅音字
16、母加y结尾的专有名词变复数时,结尾的专有名词变复数时,也直接加也直接加-s。问题问题问题问题3 3:Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree_missing.AsheepsBsheepesCsheepDsheepies当当sheep;deer;fish表示数量时,单复数同形;表示数量时,单复数同形;如果表示不同种类,则需加如果表示不同种类,则需加s或或es。单复数同形的名词有:单复数同形的名词有:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swissworks,means,head 问题问题问题问题4 4:Some_visitedours
17、choollastWednesday.AGermanBGermenCGermansDGermens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况:国家人的名词需要记住三种情况:1、单复数同形:、单复数同形:Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形:、需要变形:English-Englishman3、加、加s或或-es:GermanGermans详见下表。详见下表。问题问题问题问题6 6:MrSmithhastwo_,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-lawsCbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-
18、inlaw以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数,如:复数,如:managers-in-chief;fathers-in-law。如。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加s。如:。如:grown-ups。二、抽象名词的具体化 表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。例如:问题问题问题问题1 1The_isjustaroundthecornerandyouwontmissit.(01北京春季北京春季)A.bicyclesshopB.bicycleshopC.bicycless
19、hopD.bicyclesshop名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。用复数作定语。如:如:sportsmeeting运动会运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系外语系2)有些原有有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。保留。如:如:goodstrain(货车货车)armsproduce武器生产武器生产customspapers海关文件海关文件clothesbrush衣刷衣刷 问题问题问题问题
20、3 3:Thereareonlytwelve_inthehospital.Awomandoctors BwomendoctorsCwomendoctorDwomandoctorman,woman,gentleman等作定语时,其单复等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:如:amanworkermenworkersawomanteacherwomenteachersagentlemanofficialgentlemenofficials 四、名词的固定搭配 主要考查名词的一些固定结构在具体语境中的选择和运用。做此类题目的时候,一要看懂句子的意思,二要牢
21、记短语的含义以及在不同语境中的用法。常考的名词固定搭配:have/gain access to 可以获得take.into account 考虑gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于pave the way for 为铺平道路make fun of 取笑,嘲弄take advantage of 利用,趁之机make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理put in order 整理,检修play a part/role in 在 起作用catch sight of 发现,突然看见on condition that 在条件下考点五:词类转换考点五:词类转换.词类
22、转换【考点】词类转换多以派生词变化为主。动词名词Instruct instruction(s)形容词名词widewidth1.1.由动词派生的名词由动词派生的名词 1.Allpeace-lovingpeopledemandthecompleteprohibitionandthoroughdestruction(destroy)ofnuclearweapons.一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器,彻一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器,彻底销毁核武器。底销毁核武器。2.Chinassuccessfulexplosion(explode)ofitsfirstatombombcausedtre
23、mendousrepercussionthroughouttheworld.中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹,在全世界引起中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹,在全世界引起了巨大的反响。了巨大的反响。2.2.动词转变成名词动词转变成名词applyapplicant/applicationadmission advertise advertisementagreeagreement accomplishaccomplishmentachieveachievementapologize apologyappearappearanceapplyapplicant/applicationapologize apo
24、logyappearappearance2.2.形容词转变成名词形容词转变成名词kind kindness fair fairnes different differencecuriositycuriousbenefitbeneficialfluencyfluent bravebravery impossible/possible(反)(反)impossibly/possibility(反)(反)语法填空句子专项练习语法填空句子专项练习:1Father went to his doctor for_(advise)about his heart trouble 2.There are ten_
25、(woman)teachers and two hundred _ (girl)students in the school 3.Facing cut-throat _ (compete)in all subjects,students must devote as much of their time as possible.4.I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the _ (exist)of the word“failure”.5.Youll want to know your body language is say
26、ing and how to interpret other _ (people).6.Not long ago he sent _(word)that he would return with his family.7.She was in London and spent her _(young)in China.8.The _(erupt)of Mount Kilauea,one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii,is always taking people by surprise.9.His _(curious)made him wonde
27、r about clouds.10.Except for some short songs and poems included in his plays,all of _(Shakespeare)greatest poems are sonnet.advicewomen,girlcompetitionexistence peoplewordyouth eruptioncuriosityShakespeares11.The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady _(grow)of bi
28、gger languages.12.Tight jeans and trousers,short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause _(ill).13.Reduce the amount of it if you suffered from restlessness or _(sleep)after taking the medicine.14.I saw many _(Japan)seated in the corner and reading something.15.You should take more _(exercise).Dont always sit at the desk busy doing your _(exercise).illnesses growthsleeplessness Japaneseexerciseexercises此课件下载可自行编辑修改,仅供参考!此课件下载可自行编辑修改,仅供参考!感谢您的支持,我们努力做得更好!谢谢感谢您的支持,我们努力做得更好!谢谢