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1、ContentsTheOriginofHalloweenTheTraditions:Food&CostumeJack-o-lanternTrickorTreatCompetiton&PunishmentThe the origin of HalloweenHalloween,orHalloween,isaholidaycelebratedonOctober31.IrishimmigrantscarriedversionsofthetraditiontoNorthAmericainthenineteenthcentury.Otherwesterncountriesembracedtheholid
2、ayinthelatetwentiethcentury.HalloweeniscelebratedinseveralcountriesoftheWesternworld,mostcommonlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,Ireland,Japan,NewZealand,UnitedKingdomandoccasionallyinpartsofAustralia.TheancientGaelsbelievedthatonOctober31,nowknownasHalloween,theboundarybetweenthealiveandthedeceased(死亡)dis
3、solved(消失),andthedeadbecomedangerousforthelivingbycausingproblemssuchassicknessordamagedcrops.Thefestivalswouldfrequentlyinvolvebonfires(营火),intowhichbonesofslaughteredlivestockwerethrown.Costumesandmaskswerealsowornatthefestivalsinanattempttomimic(模仿)theevilspiritsorplacate(安抚,平息)them.Halloweenhasi
4、tsoriginsintheancientCeltic(凯尔特人)festivalknownasSamhain(萨温节).ThefestivalofSamhainisacelebrationoftheendoftheharvestseasoninGaelic(盖尔族的,盖尔语的)culture,andissometimesregardedastheCelticNewYear.Traditionally,thefestivalwasatimeusedbytheancientpagans(异教徒,非基督教徒,没有宗教信仰的人)totakestockof(估计,观察)suppliesandslaug
5、hterlivestock(家畜)forwinterstores.Symbols of HalloweenModern day Halloween celebrations use many symbols to help make the holiday more festiveSome of these include現代人用許多東西來慶祝萬聖節，讓這個節日變得更有趣。你知道是哪些東西嗎？Symbols of HalloweenModern day Halloween celebrations use many symbols to help make the holiday more f
6、estiveSome of these include現代人用許多東西來慶祝萬聖節，讓這個節日變得更有趣。你知道是哪些東西嗎？Because bats only fly at night and live in tombs,caves,and abandoned churches and buildings,they are believed to be omens of evil.They are commonly associated with witches and vampires.It is superstition that witches and vampires can tak
7、e the form of a bat.Since the vampire bat is the only mammal that feeds on blood,they are often linked to death and occult rituals.BATS蝙蝠是其中一項，因為蝙蝠只住在墳墓，洞穴和廢棄的教堂或建築物中，又因為蝙蝠常令人聯想到女巫或吸血鬼，因此他們被視為邪惡的象徵。在傳說中，女巫和吸血鬼可以化身成蝙蝠，又因為吸血蝙蝠是唯一一種飲血維生的哺乳類動物，因此蝙蝠常讓人聯想到死亡或邪惡的儀式。WITCHESWitcheswerethoughttobetellersoffor
8、tuneandtocastspells,bothgoodandbad.ThisfrightenedmanybecauseitwasbelievedthatthesepowerswerestrongestonHalloweennight.Theimageofawitchhasgreatlychangedoverthecenturies.Oncethoughtofasold,wrinkled,greenskinnedhags,manypeopleassociatewitchcrafttoeitherevilorasbeingwise.女巫因为会算命又会下好咒语和坏咒语，人们相信女巫们的能力在10月
9、31日这天会最强，所以让很多人很害怕她们。几世纪以来，女巫的形象改变许多，以前人们认为，女巫都是绿皮肤，长的很老，脸上布满皱纹。现在则很多人认为女巫的能力可以是邪恶或具有智慧的。BroomsticksWitchesandbroomsticksgohandinhand.Theyhavebeenassociatedforcenturies.Often,witchesaredepictedridingthemacrossthenightskywithablackcatononeend.ItisbelievedthatbecauseHalloweenoccurredduringtherainyseas
10、on,womenusedtheirbroomstickstovaultoverlargepuddlesandtosweepwateroutoftheirpathswhilewalking.Thus,thetwobecameassociated.女巫和扫把形影不离已有几世纪之久，通常女巫会骑着扫把在夜晚飞行，而她们的同伴黑猫会坐在扫把的另一端陪着她们飞行会什么女巫会和扫把形影不离呢？因为在万圣节那天，通常会下着雨，而女巫们需要用扫把扫掉地上的大水坑，或地上的积水以便行走。OWLSSuperstitions suggest thatowls ate the souls of the dying b
11、y swooping to Earth.Owls screeches and their glassy stare are an omen ofdeath and disaster.The owl is rarely seen duringthe day and is associated withnight behaviors.傳說中，貓頭鷹會從天空俯衝下來吃掉人的靈魂。貓頭鷹的叫聲和眼神讓人聯想到死亡和災難。再者，貓頭鷹很少在白天出現，也都讓人不得不認為他們是屬於黑暗和恐怖。BLACK CATSCats,for centuries,have been considered to be sp
12、iritual animals that have the ability to sense good and bad spirits.Western superstitions detail that black cats are able to represent spirits or incarnated humans,thereby linking them to witchcraft.Black is also the color most commonly associated with evil.從幾世紀前，人們就認為貓是一種有靈性的動物，它們能感應到好或壞的靈魂。西方的傳說裡，
13、有一種說法，黑貓是靈魂的化身。此外，黑色也是邪惡象徵。Ghosts&SkeletonsGhosts are universal symbols for the departed.Skeletons and bones are symbols of death and shortness of life.Since Halloweens origins lie as the festival of the dead,it seems only fitting that ghosts and skeletons would be used.鬼魂是公認的死亡象徵骷髏象徵死亡和短暫的生命。既然萬聖節一
14、開始就是一個鬼節，當然鬼魂和骷髏就理所當然成了萬聖節必見的東西。Spiders&WebsWhile many cultures feel that the spider and web represent the weaving of life,in reference to Halloween,they represent dark,spooky places and haunted houses long forgotten.很多文化都視蜘蛛和蜘蛛網為編織生命的象徵，但在萬聖節，他們卻象徵著黑暗，恐怖的地方或長久被遺忘的鬼屋。OtherSymbolsOther symbols relate
15、d to Halloween include the colors black and orange,scarecrows,the moon,vampires,werewolves,and the wearing of masks.其他還包括了黑色和橘色，烏鴉，月亮，吸血鬼，狼人和面具。WhatdochildrendoatHalloween?They trick and treat.They wear costumes.They watch scary movies.Trick-or-treat,Ghosttours,Costumeparties,Visitinghauntedattracti
16、ons,CarvingJack-o-lanternsandsoonTradition Food&CostumeHalloween costumes are traditionally those of monsters such as ghosts,skeletons,witches,and devils.Costumes are also based on themes other than traditional horror,such as those of characters from television shows,movies and other pop culture ico
17、ns.FOODSBecause the holiday comes in the wake of the annual apple harvest,candy apples(also known as toffee or taffy apples)are a common Halloween treat made by rolling whole apples in a sticky sugar syrup,and sometimes rolling them in nuts.Candy apples were commonly given to children.candy appleJac
18、k-o-lanternJack-o-lanternsPeoplehavebeenmakingJack-o-lanternsatHalloweenforcenturies.ThepracticeoriginatedfromanIrishmythaboutamanknownas“StingyJack.”StingyJackonedayinvitedtheDeviltohaveadrinkwithhim.Notwantingtopayforthedrink,hetrickedtheDevilintoturninghimselfintoacoin,andthenputtheDevilintohispo
19、cketnexttoacrossthatpreventedtheDevilfromchangingbackintohisoriginalform.JackfreedtheDevilaftertheDevilpromisednottobotherJackor,shouldhedie,claimhissoul.万圣节刻杰克南瓜灯的习俗已经有几世纪的历史了。为什么要取名为杰克呢？在爱尔兰人的传说中有个有名的小气杰克。有一天小气杰克请魔鬼喝酒，喝完后，小气杰克却小气地不想付钱，所以他就骗魔鬼，要魔鬼把自己变成一枚硬币，魔鬼变成硬币后，小气杰克迅速地把硬币放在口袋里，和十字架放在一起，以防魔鬼变回原形。
20、之后，魔鬼对小气杰克发誓，他绝对不会对小气杰克报仇，也保证杰克死了也不会让他下地狱。这时，小气杰克才让魔鬼变回原形。Eventually,whenJackdiddie,GodwouldnottakehimintoHeaven,andtheDevil,whohadpromisednottoclaimJackssoul,couldnottakehimintoHell.Thus,theDevilsentJacksspiritintothenightwithonlyaburningcandletolighthisway.Jackputthecandleintoacarvedoutturnipandha
21、sbeenroamingtheEartheversince.TheIrishbegantorefertothisghostlyfigureas“JackoftheLantern,”andthensimplyas“Jack-o-lantern.”到小器杰克死掉后，上帝不允许他进入天堂，而魔鬼曾答应过他不会让他下地狱，所以杰克死后哪都去不了。因此，魔鬼就让他的灵魂漂泊在黑夜里，只留给他一根燃烧的蜡烛来指引他从此以后，杰克就把蜡烛放在挖空刻好的萝卜里，并且一直留在人间吓人。爱尔兰人一开始称之为杰克的南瓜灯笼(JackoftheLantern)，后来简称为杰克南瓜灯(Jack-o-lantern)。A
22、 jack-o-lantern(sometimes also spelled Jack OLantern)is typically a carved pumpkin.HowtomakeaJack-o-lanternSTEP ONE:Cut off the top of the pumpkin.STEP TWO:Scoop out the inside of the pumpkin.STEP THREE:Carve the pumpkin with knifeSTEP FOUR:Put an candle in the pumpkinSeehowotherpeoplemakeaJack-o-la
23、nternTrickorTreatTrick-or-treating,isforchildrenonoraroundHalloweeninwhichtheyproceedfromhousetohouseincostumes,askingfortreatssuchasconfectionerywiththequestion,Trickortreat?Thetrickpartoftrickortreatisanidlethreattoplayatrickonthehomeownersortheirpropertyifnotreatisgiven.OralActivity:TrickorTreatCompetitonGROUPONEGROUPTWOMaskJack-o-lanternWitchBlackCatCandyApplebackPumpkinGhostBathauntedattractionsSkeletonBACKHomework:1.Makeamaskathome,bringitnexttime.2.Wewillmakeapumpkinlanternnexttime3.TellthestoryaboutHalloweentoyourfriendsorparents.Thank you