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1、中考英语 第二轮 语法专题聚焦 专题七 形容词和副词课件1考点一形容词1作定语修饰名词时，一般放在名词的前面。如：He lives in a beautiful house.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。修饰复合不定代词时，必须后置。如：I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。else修饰疑问代词和复合不定代词时，只能后置。如：Would you like something else？你还要别的东西吗？enough修饰名词时，既可前置，也可后置。如：We have enough time to finish the work.我们有
2、足够的时间来完成这项工作。He ran fast enough to catch the bus.他跑得很快，足够赶上公共汽车了。多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词(冠词/指示代词/形容词性物主代词/数词)表示观点的描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示形状的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国籍地区出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词表示类别的形容词(或名词)中心词。如：two round blue plastic plates两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘子two big round new Chinese wooden chairs两张圆形的新的中式木质椅子【口诀】限定描绘大
3、长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国际跟材料，作用类别往后靠。2作表语形容词经常放在系动词后面作表语，初中阶段常见的跟形容词作表语的动词有：be，look，sound，smell，taste，feel，seem，get，become，turn等。如：The milk smells terrible.牛奶闻起来很难闻。有些形容词只能作表语，如：afraid害怕的，alike相像的，alone孤独的，asleep睡着的，awake醒着的，alive活着的，ill生病的等。如：She cleaned the room while her baby was asleep.她在孩子睡着时打扫了房间。3作宾语补足
4、语形容词放在宾语之后，进一步补充说明宾语，作宾语补足语。如：I felt it easy to learn English well.我发现学好英语是很容易的。4特殊句型It isadj.of sb.不定式表示某人做某事怎么样。of sb.句型中的形容词一般表示性格和品德，如：good，kind，nice，clever，polite等。It is adj.for sb.不定式 表示对某人来说做某事怎么样。for sb.句型中的形容词一般要表示事物的特征。如：interesting，easy，useful，dangerous，safe等。2副词的构成构成例词与形容词同形low，fast，late
5、，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow形容词后直接加lysadsadly；politepolitely辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加lyhappyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加ysimplesimply；terribleterribly；gentlegently少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加lytruetruly；dueduly【注意】有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：lovely可爱的，lively有生气的，frie
6、ndly友好的，lonely孤独的，daily日常的，likely有希望的等。有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。常见的有：closeadj./adv.靠近closelyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免费freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚，迟latelyadv.近来deepadj./adv.深deeplyadv.深刻/入地nearadj./adv.邻近nearlyadv.几乎/将近hardadj./adv.努力地hardlyadv.几乎不mostadj./ad
7、v.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.宽阔widelyadv.广泛地3.副词的分类和位置方式副词(放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前)happily快乐地luckily幸运地clearly清晰地alone独自地fast快速地quickly快速地well好地，优质地badly坏地，劣质地brightly明亮地certainly确定地hard难地early早地especially尤其loudly大声地nearly差不多，几乎noisily吵闹地politely礼貌地really真正地safely安全地slowly缓慢地strongly强烈地widely广阔地，广大地时间副词(一般
8、放在句尾)early早点儿late晚，迟immediately立即，立刻soon很快once曾经，以前still仍然suddenly突然then那时already已经just正好，恰好yet还，迟早sometimes有时at first首先at once立刻，马上at fast最后as well/too/either也频度副词(行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后)twice两次daily天天，常常weekly每周every month每月always总是，经常usually经常often经常，常常sometimes有时ever曾经never从来不again and again一次又一
9、次at times有时，间或now and then偶尔not.anymore/longer不再程度副词(被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置)so/such如此too非常quite相当，完全，十分rather相当，颇，有点very非常much/many许多a bit少量enough足够hardly几乎不most大多数nearly几乎almost差不多deeply深深地completely完全地疑问副词(通常置于句首)when什么时候how soon多快where哪儿how often多久why为什么how far多远how怎样how much多少
10、(不可数名词)how long多久how many多少(可数名词)4.部分常用副词的用法too，either，also这三个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句末，either用于否定句末，also放在句中或句首。如：She can dance，and I can dance，too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.They have also been to Disneyland.already，yet 一般情况下already多用于肯定句，而yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：He has already left.Hav
11、e you heard from him yet？He hasnt answered yet.so，neither 这两个副词都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。如：Mike likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.1The sun is shining _Youd better wear sunglasses while you are out.Abrightly Blightly Cheavily2The city of Harbin is beautiful
12、all the year around，_in winter.Ice lanterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists.Aespecially Bgenerally Cprobably3I dont think fast food is good for our health，so I _ eat it.Ausually Bhardly Calways4What sweet music!So it is.Soft music usually makes us _ Aupset Brelaxed Cnervous5Dont you
13、know me？Im Lucy，your cousin.Im really sorry.I cant see _ without glasses.A.nearly B.quickly C.clearlyAABBC考点三形容词和副词的比较等级1形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarfartherfarthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest下列单、双音节词只能加more和most原级比较级最高
14、级like(相似的，同样的)more likemost likereal(真的)more realmost realtired(疲乏的)more tiredmost tiredpleased(高兴的)more pleasedmost pleasedoften(经常)more oftenmost often2.形容词、副词等级的用法(1)原级的用法由表示程度的副词：very，quite，so，too，rather，enough，quite等修饰时，一般用形容词原级。如：He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。as.as.和一样(中间用原级)not as
15、(so).as和不一样(中间用原级)如：Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。This room is not so/as big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。(2)比较级的用法由表示程度的副词：much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，a few，rather，any，even，still等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。.than.比如：Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。选择疑问句中，二选一时如：Which is bigg
16、er，the earth or the moon？哪一个更大，地球还是月球？用比较级表示最高级的意思如：The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国，长江比其他任何一条河都长。“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”如：He is getting taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，就越”如：The more careful you are，the fewer mis
17、takes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。如：The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai.这里的天气比上海的暖和。表示倍数的比较。如：This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。(3)最高级的用法形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略the。形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再加定冠词。如：She is my be
18、st friend.她是我最好的朋友。有范围(in，of，among或从句等)修饰的用最高级。如：Winter is the coldest season of the year.冬季是一年里最冷的季节。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的电影当中最好看的一部。“主语beone of the形容词最高级复数名词in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。如：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。如：Which count
19、ry is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？Which season do you like(the)best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？表示“第几个最”时，用“the序数词最高级名词单数”的结构。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。1Mum，could you buy me a phone like Apple 5 if I pass the exam?Of
20、course，we can buy _one than that，but it.Aa better;better thanBa popular;as good as Ca cheaper;as good as2How do you usually go to work?On foot.Walking is much _ than driving during the heavy traffic time.Afast Bfaster Cfastest3I think Bob is the suitable person to take the job because he can do the
21、work well with _ money and people.Aless;fewer Bless；more Cmore；fewer4Im sorry Im late.I should get here 10 minutes _Aearlier Bthe earlier Cthe earliest5Is Lilys home _ away from school than Lindas?Yes，it is.Lily lives two miles away but Linda lives nearby.Afar Bfarther CfarthestCBAAB6What do you thi
22、nk of the movie?Not bad.Its much _ than I expected.Agood Bbetter Cbest7I know you are shorter than your brothers，but you run _Amore faster Bfastest Cmore fast8Dad，would you please drive _？No hurry.We have enough time before the plane takes off.Afaster Bmore slowly Cmore carefully9Which season do you like _，summer or winter?Summer.Awell Bbest Cbetter10Ted was hardworking.His success made him work _Aharder Bhardest Cmore quicklyBACAB