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1、紧固件产产品等级级和机械械性能一、 紧固件的的分类:B大螺螺丝S小小螺丝NN螺帽EE其它扣扣件二、 紧固件参参照的标标准:IISO、AASTMM、DIIN、JJIS、AANSII/ASSME、GGB。三、 碳钢中各各类元素素对钢性性质的影影响:1、碳(CC)、提提高钢件件强度,尤尤其热处处理性能能;但随随含碳量量的增加加塑性和和韧性下下降,会会影响到到钢件的的冷镦性性能和焊焊接性能能。2、锰(MMn)、提提高钢件件强度,并并在一定定程度上上提高可可淬性,即即在淬火火时增加加了淬硬硬渗入的的强度,锰锰还能改改进表面面质量,但但是太多多的锰对对延展性性和可焊焊性不利利同时会会影响电电镀时对对镀层的
2、的控制。3、镍(NNi)、提提高钢件件强度,改改善低温温下的韧韧性,提提高耐大大气腐蚀蚀能力,并并可保证证稳定的的热处理理效果,减减小氢脆脆的作用用。4、铬(CCr)、提提高可淬淬性,改改善耐磨磨性,提提高耐腐腐蚀能力力,并有有利于高高温下保保持强度度。5、钼(MMo)、能能帮助控控制可淬淬性,降降低钢对对回火脆脆性的敏敏感性,提提高高温温下的抗抗拉强度度有很大大影响。6、硼(BB)、能能提高可可淬性,并并且有助助于使低低碳钢对对热处理理产生预预期的反反应。7、矾(VV)、细细化奥氏氏体晶粒粒,改善善韧性。8、硅(SSi)、保保证钢件件强度,适适当的含含量可以以改善钢钢件塑性性和韧性性。四、
3、钢的种类类和在紧紧固件行行业的运运用:普通钢: 含含磷量不不大于00.0445%,含含硫量不不大于00.0555%。优质钢: 含含磷量不不大于00.044%,含含硫量不不大于00.0445%。工具钢: 磷磷、硫含含量不大大于0.04%。高优质钢钢:磷、硫硫含量不不大于00.033%。含碳量小小于0.25%的低碳碳钢,强强度低、塑塑性、可可焊性较较好;含含碳量在在0.225-00.455%间叫叫做中碳碳钢,较较高强度度、塑性性、可焊焊性较差差,若经经过热处处理,则则强度和和硬度有有显著提提高,含含碳量大大于0.45%的的钢叫高高碳钢,塑塑性和可可焊较差差,热处处理后有有很高的的强度和和硬度。08
4、、110、115、220、225等号号钢含碳碳量较低低,强度度小而塑塑性好。可可用于制制造各种种容器,或或用来制制造冲压压件,焊焊接结构构件及螺螺钉、螺螺母、垫垫圈和需需要渗碳碳的零件件。30、335、440、445、550等号号钢含碳碳量中等等,强度度较高、韧韧性和加加工性较较好,通通常要经经过淬火火,回火火等处理理,可用用来制造造轴类、齿齿轮、丝丝杆、连连杆、套套筒等。55、660、770等号号钢含量量较高,淬淬火后有有较高弹弹性,可可用于制制造弹簧簧、轧辊辊和钢丝丝绳等。钢材中材材质中的的英文字字母表示示:A表表示是铝铝(All)脱氧氧钢;KK表示是是硅(SSi)脱脱氧钢;CH表表示冷打
5、打;F表表示细晶晶粒;BB表达加加入含合合金元素素硼。合金钢:规定的最最大含锰锰量超过过1.665%,或或者 规定的的最大含含硅量超超过1.65%,或者者规定的最最大含铜铜量超过过1.665%,或或者含铬量低低于4.0%,(超超过4.0%将将列为不不锈钢),或或钢中含含有规定定最小含含量的铝铝、硼、钴钴、钶、钼钼、镍、钛钛、钒或或锆或任任何其它它加入钢钢内达到到特殊效效果的元元素。紧固件机机械性能能介绍:大螺丝机机械性能能采用的的标准:ISO 8988.1/GB 30998.11、JIIS BB10551、SSAE J4229、AASTMM A3354、ASTTM AA3077、ASTTM A
6、A449、ASTTM AA1933、DIIN 2267.11、AASTMM50774公制普通通螺栓所所用之材材料:JISBB10551/GGB30098.1性能等级级材料和热热处理化学成份份,%回火温度度minCPmaxSmaxBmaxminmax3.6碳钢-0.2000.0550.0660.0003-4.6-0.5550.0550.0660.0003-4.85.60.133/0.150.5550.0550.0660.0003-5.8-0.5550.0550.0666.88.8低碳合金金钢(如如硼锰或或铬),淬火并并回火或或中碳钢钢,淬火火并回火火0.1550.4000.03350.03350
7、.00034250.2550.5550.03350.03359.8低碳合金金钢(如如硼锰或或铬),淬火并并回火或或中碳钢钢,淬火火并回火火0.1550.3550.03350.03350.00034250.2550.5550.03350.033510.99低碳合金金钢(如如硼锰或或铬),淬火并并回火0.1550.3550.03350.03350.000334010.99中碳钢淬淬火并回回火,或中低碳碳合金钢钢(如硼硼锰或铬铬),淬淬火并回回火或合合金钢淬淬火并回回火0.2550.2000.5550.5550.03350.03350.03350.03350.00034250.2000.5550.0
8、3350.03350.000312.99或合金钢钢淬火并并回火0.2880.5000.03350.03350.00033801. 硼的含量量可达00.0005%,其非有有效硼可可由添加加钛和(或)铝铝控制.2. 这些性能能等级允允许采用用易切钢钢制造,其硫,磷,铅铅的最大大含量为为:硫00.344%;磷磷0.111%;铅0.35%.3. 为保证良良好的淬淬透性,螺纹直直径超过过20mmm的紧紧固件,需采用用对100.9级级规定的的钢.4. 含碳量低低于0.25%(桶样样分析)的低碳碳硼合金金钢的锰锰最低含含量为:8.88级0.6%;9.88、100.9、110.99级0.7%.5. 该产品应应
9、在性能能等级代代号下增增加一横横线标志志,其应应符合110.99级规定定的所有有性能,而较低低的回火火温度对对其在提提高温度度条件下下,将造造成不同同程度的的应力削削弱.6. 用于该性性能等级级的材料料应具有有良好的的淬透性性,以保保征紧固固件螺纹纹截面的的芯部在在淬火后后,回火火前获得得约900%的马马氏体组组织.7. 合金钢应应至少含含有以下下元素的的一种元元素,其其最小含含量为:铬0.30%,镍00.300%,钼钼0.220%,钒0.10%.8. 12.9级的的表面不不允许有有金相能能测出的的白色磷磷聚集层层.公制螺栓栓机械性性能:JIS B10051/ISOO 8998.11/GBB
10、30098.1螺栓栓、螺钉钉和螺柱柱的机械械和物理理性能机械和物物理性能能性能等级级3.64.64.85.65.86.88.89.810.9912.99d166mmd166mm公称抗拉拉强度b公称称 NN/mmm23004005006008008009001000012000最小抗拉拉强度bmiin N/mm223304004205005206008008309001040012200维氏硬度度HVF900Nmin95120130155160190250255290320385max220/2500250320335360380435布氏硬度度HBF=900D2min9011412414715
11、2181238242276304366max209/2388238304318342361414洛氏硬度度HRminHRB526771798289-HRC-2223283239maxHRB95.00/999.599.55-HRC-3234373944表面硬度度HV00.3 mmax-10.99级表面面硬度不不超出3390HHV屈服点s, NN/mmm2公称180240320300400480-min190240340300420480-规定非比比例伸应应力p0.2,NN/mmm2公称-64064072090010800min-64066072094011000保证应力力Sp/s或SSp/P0.
12、20.9440.9440.9110.9330.9000.9220.9110.9110.9000.8880.888SP, N/mm22180225310280380440580600650830970破坏扭矩矩MB, NM Minn-按国标GGB30098.13执执行断后伸长长率q,% Minn2522142010812121098断面收缩缩率x,% Minn-52484844楔负载对螺栓螺螺钉实物物进行测测试应符符合其最最小抗拉拉强度冲击吸收收功 Akuu,J-25-3030252015头部坚固固性不得断裂裂螺纹未脱脱碳层的的最小高高度E-H/22H/333H/44全脱碳层层的最大大深度GG
13、mmm-0.0115再回火后后的硬度度-回火前后后硬度均均值之差差不大于于20HHV表面缺陷陷按国标GGB/TT57779.1或GB/T57779.3规定1. 因超拧造造成载荷荷超出保保证载荷荷时,对对螺纹直直径d16mmm的8.88级螺栓栓则推荐荐参考GGB/TT30998.222. 9.8级级螺栓仅仅适用于于螺纹直直径d16mmm.3. 对钢结构构螺栓88.8级级为122mm.4. 最小抗拉拉强度适适用于公公称长度度L2.55d的产产品;最低硬硬度适用用于长度度小于22.5dd和其它它不能进进行拉力力试验产产品.5. 对螺栓螺螺钉和螺螺柱的实实物进行行楔负载载试验时时,应按最最小抗拉拉强度
14、计计算.6. 对于5.8级以以下螺栓栓螺钉和和螺柱末末端测试试的硬度度的最大大值为:2500HV/2388HB或或99.5HRRB.7. 最小屈服服点仅适适用于LL6d的螺螺栓螺钉钉和螺栓栓.8.表面面硬度不不比心部部硬度高高出300个维氏氏硬度英制(SSAE J4229)螺螺栓所用用材料:Gradde12455.15.2788.18.2Mateeriaal andd TrreattmenntLow or meddiumm caarboon ssteeelMediiumCarbbon colld ddrawwn ssteeelMediiumCCarboon ssteeelquuencchedd
15、 annd ttemppereedLow or meddiummcarbbon steeelMediium Carboon aallooy ssteeel qquenncheed aand temmperredSAE15411Low or meddiumm caarboon ssteeelElemmentt%CMin-0.2880.1550.1550.2880.2880.2880.155Max0.5550.5550.5550.5550.3000.2550.5550.5550.5550.255Mn MMin-0.744-0.744P Maax0.04480.04480.04480.04480.0
16、4480.04480.04400.04400.04480.0448S Maax0.05580.05580.1330.05580.05580.05580.04450.04450.05580.0558B Miin-0.00005-0.00005英制螺栓栓(SAAE JJ4299)的机机械性质质:强度等级级Gradde DDesiignaatioon产品Prroduuctss规格Noominnal Sizze DDia InFulll Siize Bollts,Screews,SStudds,SSemss机械性能能Macchinne TTestt Sppeciimenn OffBoltts,SScr
17、eews,aand StuudsSurffaceeHarddnesssCoreeHarddnesssProoofLoaddTenssileeStreengtthYielldStreengtthTenssileeStreengtthElonngattionn伸长率率Reduuctiion Of Areea断面面收缩Rockkwelll30N MaxxRockkwelllMinMax1Boltts螺栓栓Screews螺螺钉Studds螺柱柱1/4 thrru 11-1/43300006000003600006000001835-B70B10002Boltts螺栓栓Screews螺螺钉Studds螺
18、柱柱1/4 thrru 33/45500007400005700007400001835-B80B1000Overr 3/4 tthruu 1-1/223300006000003600006000001835-B70B10004Studds螺柱柱1/4 thrru 11-1/26500001150000100000011500001035-C22C325Boltts螺栓栓Screews螺螺钉Studds螺柱柱1/4 thrru 1185000012000009200001200000143554C25C34Overr 1 thrru 11-1/2740000105000081000010500
19、0143550C19C305.1dd此螺丝丝有垫片片Boltts螺栓栓Screews螺螺钉Studds螺柱柱No.66 thhru 5/888500001200000-59.55C25C40No.66 thhru 1/22/5.2Boltts螺栓栓Screews螺螺钉1/4 thrru 1185000012000009200001200000143556C26C367e此螺螺丝热处处理后辗辗牙Boltts螺栓栓Screews螺螺钉1/4 thrru 11-1/2105000013300011500001330000123554C28C348Boltts螺栓栓Scrrewss螺钉Studds螺柱
20、柱1/4 thrru 11-1/2120000015000001300000150000123558.66C33C398.1Studds螺柱柱1/4 thrru 11-1/212000001500000130000015000001035-C32C388.2Boltts螺栓栓Screews螺螺钉1/4 thrru 111200000150000013000001500000103558.66C33C39Chemmicaal化学学成份Carbbon:碳Mangganeese minn锰Phossphooruss maax磷Sulffur ,maax硫Boroon ,minn硼Typee1Heat
21、t annalyysissProdductt annalyysiss0.288-0.550.255-0.580.6000.5770.04400.04480.05500.0558-Typee2Heatt annalyysissProdductt annalyysiss0.155-0.380.133-0.410.7000.6770.04400.04480.05500.05580.000050.00005强度等级级Gradde DDesiignaatioon产品Prroduuctss规格Nomiinall Siize Diaa. IInFulll Siize Bollts,Screews,SStud
22、ds,Surffacee HaardnnesssHarddnesss硬度度ProoofLoaddTenssileeStreengtthYielldStreengtthElonngattionn inn 4D minn %Reduuctiion of Areea ,minn %Rockkwelll30N MaxxBrinnelllHB布氏氏RockkwelllHRC洛洛氏TYPEE2Boltts螺栓栓Studds螺柱柱1/4 thrru 1185kssi120kksi92kssi1435/255tto322125too34TYPEE1overr 1 thrru 11-1/2overr 1-1/2
23、2 thhru3374kssi55kssi105kksi90kssi81kssi58kssi14143535/223tto2885183tt235519too30-英制螺栓栓(ASSTM A4449)的的化学成成份和机机械性质质:配合的螺螺帽为AASTMM A5563中中的产品品:Thesse vvaluues aree thhe aas tthe oveer-tapppinng rrequuireed ffor zinnc ccoatted nutts iin SSpeccifiicattionn ASSTM A56631/4至至1-11/2英英寸普通通产品配配合的螺螺帽为AASTMM A5
24、563的的B普通通螺帽(hhex);1-11/2至至3英寸寸普通产产品配合合的螺帽帽为ASSTM A5663的AA重型螺螺帽(hheavvy hhex);1/44至3英英寸镀锌锌产品配配合的螺螺帽为AASTMM A5563的的DH重重型螺帽帽(heeavyy heex)英制螺栓栓(ASSTM A3007)的的化学成成份和机机械性质质:Chemmicaal化学成份份Carbbon:碳Mangganeese minn锰Phossphooruss maax磷Sulffur maxx硫Boroon mmin硼硼GraddeAHeatt annalyysissProdductt annalyysissm
25、ax00.299max00.333max 0.990max 0.993max 0.004max 0.0041max 0.115-GraddeBHeatt annalyysissProdductt annalyysissmax00.299max00.333max 0.990max 0.993max 0.004max 0.0041max 0.005max 0.0051-备注: 1llbf=4.4448NN 1 ksii=6.9Mppa 11lbff=0.45993kggf强度等级级Gradde DDesiignaatioon产品Prroduuctss规格NoominnalSizee Diia II
26、nFulll Siize Bollts,Screews,SStudds,Surffacee HaardnnesssHarddnesss硬度度ProoofLoaddTenssileeStreengtthYielldStreengtthElonngattionn inn2 inn miin %Reduuctiion of Areea mmin %Rockkwelll30N MaxxBrinnelllHBRockkwelllHRBGradde ABoltts螺栓栓Studds螺柱柱Lesss thhan 3xddia3xdiia aand lonngerr/Min60kssi-18/121-2411
27、max224169-1100max1100Gradde BLesss thhan 3xddia3xdiia aand lonngerr/60-1100kksi-18/121-2122max221269-995 mmax995Gradde CAll/58-880kssi36(550)kksi23/No hharddnesss rrequuireedRessulffuriizedd stteell iss noot ssubjjectt too reejecctioon bbaseed oon pprodductt annalyysiss foor ssulffur配合的螺螺帽为AASTMM A5
28、563中中的产品品: 1/44至1-1/22英寸普普通产品品配合的的螺帽为为ASTTM AA5633的A 普通螺螺帽(hhex);1-11/2至至4英寸寸普通产产品配合合的螺帽帽为ASSTM A5663的AA重型螺螺帽(hheavvy hhex);1/44至4英英寸镀锌锌产品配配合的螺螺帽为AASTMM A5563的的A重型型螺帽(hheavvy hhex)英制螺栓栓(ASSTM A3554)的的化学成成份和机机械性质质:Chemmicaal化学成份份Carbbon:碳Mangganeese minn锰Phossphooruss maax磷Sulffur maxx硫Boroon mmin硼硼F
29、or sizze thrrouggh 11-1/2 iinHeatt annalyysissProdductt annalyysiss0.300-0.530.288-0.55/max 0.0035max 0.0040max 0.0040max00.0445/For sizze LLargge tthann1-11/2 inHeatt annalyysissProdductt annalyysiss0.355-0.530.333-0.55/max 0.0035max 0.0040max 0.0040max00.0445/强度等级级Gradde DDesiignaatioon产品Prroduuct
30、ss规格NoominnalSizee Diia IInFulll Siize Bollts,Screews,SStudds,Surffacee HaardnnesssHarddnesss硬度度ProoofLoaddTenssileeStreengtthYielldStreengtthElonngattionn inn2 inn miin %Reduuctiion of Areea mmin %Rockkwelll30N MaxxBrinnelllHBRockkwelllHRCGraddeBCBoltts螺栓栓Studds螺柱柱1/4 to 2-11/2Overr 2-1/22105kksi95
31、kssi125kksi115kksi109kksi99kssi16165045/255-3311235-311126-33622-333Gradde BDD1/4 to 2-11/2Overr 2-1/22120kksi105kksi150kksi140kksiii130kksi115kksi14144040/311-3633293-363333-33931-339Thesse vvaluues aree thhe aas tthe oveer-tapppinng rrequuireed ffor zinnc ccoatted nutts iin SSpeccifiicattionn ASST
32、M A5663译文:这这些值为为镀锌产产品的要要求,在在ASTTM AA5633中对螺螺帽有具具体要求求。英制螺栓栓(ASSTM A1993)的的机械性性质:Gradde aand ClaassDiammeteerin.TenssileeStrrenggthksiYielld SStreengtth0.2% OfffseetElonngattionn inn4D mmin %Reduuctiion of Areea mmin %Harddnesss硬度度MaxRefeerTonoteeMinMinMinMinBrinnelllRockkwelllB5To 11/4 inccl.10080165
33、0-1B6To 11/4 inccl.110851550-1B6XTo 11/4 inccl.90701650-C261B7To 22-1/2 iincll.1251051650-C351Overr2-11/2 to 4115951650-C35Overr 4 too 7100751850-C35B16To 22-1/2 iincll.1251051850321C351Overr2-11/2 to 2110951745321C35Overr 4 too 7100851645321C35B7MTo 44 inncl.100801850235B991,2Overr 4 to 71007518502
34、35B99Classsess 1 andd 11D: B8,B8MM,B88P,BB8LNN,B88MLNNall75303050223B963,4Classs1: BB8C,BB8Tall75303050223B964Classs 11A:BB8A,BB8CAA,B88MA,B8PPA,BB8TAA,B88LNAA,B8MMLNAA,B88NA,B8MMNA,B8MMLCuuNAall75303050192B903Classsess 1BB annd 11D: B8NN,B88MN,B8MMLCuuNall80353040223B963.4Classs 11C aand 1D: B8RRal
35、l100553555271C283Classs 11C: BB8RAAall100553555271C283Gradde aand ClaassDiammeteerin.TenssileeStrrenggthksiYielld-SStreengtth0.2% OfffseetElonngattionn inn4D mmin %Reduuctiion of Areea mmin %Harddnesss硬度度MaxRefeerTonoteeMinMinMinMinBrinnelllRockkwelllClasss 11C aand 1D: B8SSall95503555271C283Classs
36、11C: BB8SAAall95503555271C283Classs 22: BB8,BB8C,BB8P,B8TT,B88NTo 33/4Overr 3/4 tto 11Overr 1 to 1-11/4Overr1-11/4 to11-1/2inncl.1251151051001008065501215202835354545321321321321C35C35C35C353,5Classs 22: BB8M,BB8MNN,B88MLCCuNTo 33/4Overr 3/4 tto 11Overr 1 to 1-11/4Overr1-11/4 to11-1/2inncl.110100959
37、0968065501520253045454545321321321321C35C35C35C353,53Classs 22B: B8,B8MM2To 22 iincll.Overr 2 to 2-11/2iincll.Overr2-11/2 to 3 iincll.959080756555253030404040321321321C35C35C353,5Classs 22C: B8MM3To 22 inncl.Overr 28585656030306060321321C35C353,5NOTEES:1. The minnimuum ttempperaaturre ffor Graadess
38、B55, BB6X,andd B77 shhalll bee 11100F; forr Grradee B166, 112000F;译文:等等级为BB5,BB6X和和B7的的最小回回火温度度为11100F,而而等级为为B166的最小小回火温温度为11200F2. To mmeett thhe ttenssilee sttrenngthh reequiiremmentts, thee haardnnesss shhalll bee ovver Briinelll 2201(Rocckweell B944)miinimmum.译文:硬硬度一定定要在2201布布氏(994HRRB)硬硬度以上上,抗拉
39、拉强度一一定能达达到。3. Classs 11 iss sooluttionn trreatted-Claass 1A iis ssoluutioon ttreaatedd inn thhe ffiniisheed ccondditiion forr coorroosioon rresiistaancee; hheatt trreattmennt iis ccritticaal ddue to phyysiccal prooperrty reqquirremeentss. CClasss 22 iss sooluttionn trreatted andd sttraiin-hharddeneed. Ausstennitiic ssteeels in thee