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1、大家论坛CATTIEvaluation Warning: The document was created with Spire.Doc for .NET.赏析版20012年55月经济学学人文章（英英汉双语对对照）汇集集Conteents20122.05.26AA Souuth AAfriccan ccartooon: No jjoke 绝非玩笑笑120122.05.26OOnce in aa liffetimme 一生生一次220122.05.266Hommericc wissdom荷荷马式智慧慧720122.05.26BBanglladesshs toxiic poolitiics 毒毒雾
2、弥漫的的孟加拉国国政治920122.05.266Thee feeelinggs mmutuaal 共同同的感觉1220122.05.26PPedalllingg proosperrity 中国经济济：一路骑骑行，繁华华似锦1520122.05.26TTriasssic larkk 嬉戏三三叠纪2120122.05.26AAzerbbaijaan annd Euuroviisionn 阿塞拜拜疆与欧洲洲歌唱大赛赛2320122.05.26Colllaterral mmanaggemennt: SSecurrity servvicess 资产抵抵押业务2620122.05.26Everrybodd
3、y waas kuung ffu fiightiing 人人人都有功功夫2820122.05.19Worlld,heere wwe coome 世世界，该我我们大展拳拳脚了3120122.05.21Foreeigneers iin Chhina 外国人在在中国3620122.05.19The big engiine tthat coulldnt 力不从心心的大引擎擎4120122.05.19Duelllingg thee duoopoliies商用用飞机:与垄断二二强一较高高下5120122.05.19Counnty jjailss: Woorst casee 加州郡郡级监狱糟糟糕透顶5420
4、122.05.18JP MMorgaan & Spaiin: CConfiidencce gaame 摩摩根大通和和西班牙痛痛苦5520122.05.15TTRANSSLATOOR INN THEE SPOOTLIGGHT 聚聚光灯下的的译者5720122.05.12AAviattion in CChinaa:Soaaringg ambbitioon 凌云云壮志5820122.05.12TThe eeuro crissis希腊腊很可能退退出欧元区区6020122.05.12Amarrilloo Sliim 悼一一代赌侠6220122.05.12The econnomy: Uneequall p
5、aiin 美国国经济不平平等的痛6520122.05.12Someethinng too wattch oover us 注注视着地球球的天眼6720122.05.12Grapphenee shoows iits ccolouurs 石石墨烯露出出真容6920122.05.12Turnning a liine 化化学元素周周期表将出出现新的一一行7220122.05.12Luxuury ggoodss in Chinna: RRidinng thhe giildedd tigger 中中国奢侈品品.7520122.05.05Posttal SServiice: Waitting for del
6、iiveraance 美国邮政政企盼改革革7720122.05.05Thatt dayy thaat chhangeed evverytthingg 改变一一切的日子子7920122.05.05Chinnese carmmakerrs 中国国汽车制造造商：初级级阶段8220122.05.05A tiiltedd plaayingg fieeld 现现任总统在在大选中的的优势8720122.05.05Privvate spacce fllightt: Sttar ttruckk 民营航航天时代即即将来临9120122.05.05GGoingg forr groowth, butt howw? 到
7、底底如何实现现增长？9420122.05.05PPayinng whhat yyou wwant: Connscieence v coommerrce 当当良心遭遇遇私利9720122.05.05Keepp on trucckin驾剑长飞飞八亿里，遥遥看银河九九重天9920122.05.05Nucllear-poweered cropps 经过过核改造的的农作物10310020122.05.26AA Souuth AAfriccan ccartooon: No jjoke 绝非玩笑笑【导读】：一幅南非非总统祖玛玛的肖像画画在约翰内内斯堡美术术馆展出，由由于画中祖祖玛的私处处暴露，该该画疯传，引
8、引发总统支支持者的强强烈抗议。A Soouth Afriican carttoon引引发南非举举国关注的的一幅讽刺刺画No jokee绝非玩笑笑A caartooon off Preesideent JJacobb Zumma haas prrovokked aa stoorm oof ouutragge关于南南非总统雅雅克比祖祖玛的一幅幅讽刺画引发发强烈不满满May 26thh 20112 | CAPEE TOWWN | fromm thee priint eeditiionHAARDLYY anyyone woulld haave hheardd aboout BBrettt Murrra
9、ys saatiriical porttraitt of Soutth Affricaas ppresiidentt, Jaacob Zumaa, haad thhe ruulingg Afrricann Nattionaal Coongreess (ANC) nott putt outt a sstateementt on May 17thh exppresssing its “outtragee” ovver tthe “disggustiing” depiictioon off itss revveredd leaader and demaandinng itts immmediiate
10、 remooval fromm thee Johhanneesburrg gaallerry whhere it wwas hhung and fromm thee webbsitee of the onlyy newwspapper tthat had notiiced it. Whenn botth reefuseed, tthe ppartyy proomptlly appplieed foor a highh-couurt oorderr to forcce thhem tto doo so.南非执政政党非洲国国民大会（AANC）在在5月177日发表了了一份声明明称，约翰翰内斯堡美美术
11、馆展出出的一幅“恶心”的的肖像画丑丑化了他们们备受尊敬敬的领导人人，对此他他们表示“极度愤慨慨”并要求求美术馆马马上撤下这这幅画。在在声明中他他们还要求求唯一一家家报道该事事件的报纸纸把肖像画画从网站上上立即撤下下。要不是是这份声明明，几乎没没人会知道道到布雷特特穆雷（BBrettt Murrray）所所作的关于于南非总统统雅克比祖玛的这这幅讽刺画画。当上述述要求遭到到美术馆及及报纸的拒拒绝之后，非非洲国民大大会随即向向高等法院院提出申请请，要求法法院下令强强制执行。Thiss, off couurse, sennt thhousaands of SSouthh Afrricanns ruus
12、hinng too thee intterneet too seee whaat thhe fuuss wwas aaboutt. Thhere theyy fouund aa carrtoonn of a fuully clotthed, besspecttacleed Mrr Zumma, vvirtuuallyy unrrecoggnisaable savee forr thee chaaractterisstic bumpp at the backk of his shavven hhead, in a heeroicc Lenninessque posee, buut wiith h
13、his ggenittals hangging out of hhis ttroussers. Sooon evvery newsspapeer inn thee lannd waas caarryiing tthe pportrrait, enttitleed “TThe SSpearr”. IIt prrompttly wwent viraal, eeven earnning its own pagee on Wikiipediia.正是是这份声明明引得成千千上万名南南非民众争争相上网一探究竟。他们看到到一幅肖像像画，画中中人物衣着着整齐，戴戴着一副眼眼镜，摆出出一幅列宁宁式的英雄雄站姿，
14、但但生殖器却却露在了裤裤子外面。要不是他他标志性的的后脑勺，几几乎认不出出来画中人人物就是总总统祖玛。不久，全全国所有的的报纸都刊刊登了这幅幅名为矛矛的讽刺刺画。这幅幅画很快便便传疯了，甚甚至在维基基百科上都都出现了专专属词条。In hhis aaffiddavitt, Mrr Zumma, wwho hhas ffour wivees, ttwo eex-wiives and somee 22 chilldrenn, arrguedd thaat thhe paaintiing cconsttitutted aa graave vviolaationn of his consstituuti
15、onnal rrightt to dignnity “as it ddepiccts mme wiith mmy prrivatte paarts showwing”. Hee fellt “ooffennded and viollatedd”, aas itt sugggestted hhe waas a “phiilanddererr, a womaaniseerann abuuser of ppowerr”. IIt allso, he ssaid, tarrnishhed tthe AANCss imaage aas a libeeratiion mmovemment.总统祖玛玛除了两
16、位位前任配偶偶之外，现现在有四个个妻子，大大概22个个子女。他他在书面陈陈述中称，这这幅画严重重侵害了他他受宪法保保护的人格格权，“因因为在画中中我的私处处露在了外外面”。他他觉得 “被冒犯，而而且权利受受到侵害”，因为这这幅画暗示示他是一个个“玩弄女女性、花心心及滥用职职权的人”。他还说说这幅画玷玷污了非洲洲国民大会会作为解放放运动组织织的形象。The workk, saaid GGwedee Manntashhe, tthe AANCss seccretaary-ggenerral, was raciist, sugggestiing tthat “blaack ppeoplle weer
17、e oobjeccts aand iinferrior to wwhitees.” Zwellinziima VVavi, leaader of tthe mmain tradde unnion fedeeratiion, saidd it coulld “oonly be tthe wwork of aa verry siick mmind, fulll off hattred.” Noo whiite lleadeer, tthey saidd, woould everr be porttrayeed liike tthat. (Inn facct Biill CClintton, Geo
18、rrge WW. Buush aand SStephhen HHarpeer, CCanaddas primme miinistter, haveeamoong ootherrsbeeen ddepiccted nakeed inn abuusivee carrtoonns.)南南非国民大大会总书记记格维德曼德谢（GGwedee Manntashhe）称这这幅画带有有种族主义义色彩，因因为它暗示示 “黑人人只是被嘲嘲笑的对象象，而且低低白人一等等”。总工工会常务秘秘书长瓦维维（Zweelinzzima Vavii）称可能能“只有神神智不清、脑中充满满仇恨的人人才能画出出这种东西西”。他们们说白
19、人领领导从来不不会被刻画画成那种形形象。（实实际上，包包括比尔克林顿、乔治WW布什及及加拿大总总理史蒂芬芬哈伯在在内的一些些白人领导导人，他们们都有过一一丝不挂地地出现在侮侮辱性漫画画中的类似似遭遇。）On May 22nd the Zuma painting was all but destroyed with red and black paint by two enraged supporters of the president. One of South Africas biggest churches, the Nazareth Baptist Church, has called
20、 for Mr Murray, a well-known anti-apartheid campaigner, to be stoned to death.5月22日，两名愤怒的总统支持者用红色和黑色油漆几乎毁掉了那幅肖像画。该画的作者穆雷是著名的反种族隔离活动家，南非最大教派之一的拿撒勒浸信会（the Nazareth Baptist Church）要求石刑处死穆雷。20122.05.26OOnce in aa liffetimme 一生生一次导读：英女女皇伊丽莎莎白二世于于19522年登基，今今年满六十十周年，本本文把这次次的庆典和和19777年的二十十五周年庆庆典以及22002年年的五十
21、周周年庆典加加以对比，讨讨论了这些些庆典反映映出的英国国国民心境境转变。BBagehhot白芝芝浩Oncce inn a llifettime一一生一次WWhat threee rooyal jubiileess revveal abouut Brritaiin通过三三次皇室登登基庆典看看英国Maay 266th 22012 | frrom tthe pprintt ediitionnBEFOORE QQueenn Eliizabeethss Sillver Jubiilee in 11977, thee villlageers oof Weest HHoathhly iin Suussexx
22、 werre pllacedd undder ssecreet obbservvatioon. AA drrawn up, notiing ttheirr vieews oon thhe moonarcchy, the counntry and the impeendinng ceelebrratioons. The royaal faamilyy wass marrvelllous but thesse feestivvitiees haad beetterr nott cosst tooo muuch, saidd onee villlageer, rrecorrded as “Nurss
23、e, ffemalle, 550”, expllainiing: “Peoople are not in tthe mmood.”在19977年英英女皇伊丽丽莎白二世世登基二十十五周年庆庆典之前，萨塞塞克斯地区区西霍斯利利村的村民民当了一回回被暗中观察察的目标。那次观察察结果被总总结成了一一份文件，其其中记录了了当时村民民对于皇室室、英国和和即将到来来的庆典的的看法。文文件中一位位“50岁岁的女护士士”指出，皇皇室棒极了了，但是庆庆典最好不不要花费过过巨，她对对此作了进进一步的说说明：“大大家现在没没有庆贺的的心情。”Westt Hoaathlyy wass relliablly moonar
24、cchistt, thhe , withh antti-reepubllicann senntimeent bboostted bby reecentt Ameericaan ellectiions (“Faancy haviing JJimmyy Carrter,” a villlagerr shuudderred). Butt stiill iits JJubillee eenthuusiassts ssoundded aa bitt bleeak. Werre duue a celeebrattion, saiid “MMale, 53”weve mmade it tto 19977 w
25、withoout aa nucclearr warr.据文件件记载，当当时的西霍霍斯利村是是君主制的的忠实拥护护者，受到到刚过去的的美国大选选影响，村村里反共和和制的情绪绪进一步高高涨（“想想想让吉米米卡特来来管理英国国会是什么么样子”，一一位村民边边说边打了了个冷颤）。但即使在在这样一个个亲皇室的的村庄里，那那些登基庆庆典热衷分分子的话听听上去还是是有些沮丧丧。一位“53岁男男子”说，是是时候庆祝祝一下了，我我们终于迎迎来了19977年，核核战争至今今还没发生生。Thee filles wwere commmissiionedd by Masss Obsservaationn, a priv
26、vate sociial-rreseaarch projject thatt hass stuudiedd thee Briitishh sinnce tthe 11930ss. Inn alll, 1007 vooluntteerss werre reecruiited to rrecorrd thhe Siilverr Jubbileee. Thheir diarries and notees, ttogetther withh commplemmentaary ffiless on the 20022 Gollden Jubiilee, noww forrm paart oof a va
27、stt arcchivee helld att Susssex Univversiity. On tthe eeve oof Quueen Elizzabetths Diammond Jubiileeto bbe maarkedd froom Juune 22nd tto 5tththhe arrchivves oofferr a rremarrkablly evvocattive glimmpse of tthe rrecennt paast.这这些调查的背后后策划者是是私人社会会研究项目目“大众观观察”。该该项目从220世纪330年代起起就开始研研究英国。在登基庆庆典二十五五周年时一一共有
28、1007名志愿愿者被招募募来记录这这一盛事。这些人的的日记和笔笔记，加上上20022年登基五五十周年时时的文件，完整地记录了当时的盛况，这些文件现保留在萨塞克斯大学庞大的档案库里。6月2日至5日将举行伊丽莎白二世登基六十周年庆典。在庆典前夕的今天，这些档案让我们一瞥不久前的过去，唤醒了我们的回忆。The 1977 files describe a country that was tired and riven by industrial conflict. Its people talked of feeling a bit lost, and yetfrom a distance of 3
29、5 yearsthey seem enviably grounded in a shared culture with deep roots. There was striking uniformity to their celebrations. Invited to have fun, people first grumbled then formed committees. It is remembered that at previous royal jubilees children were given commemorative mugs, prompting endless r
30、ows about paying for them. “The Vicar! He needs grinding up afresh, that one,” fumed a farmers wife in north Wiltshire, on learning that her Womens Institute branch must buy mugs. “Not that Im criticising him, of course,” she added hastily.1977年的文件描绘了一个被劳资纠纷搞得疲惫不堪、四分五裂的国家。国民们常在谈话中坦言自己感到有点迷茫，即使这样，从35
31、年后的今天回头看，当时的国民似乎实实在在地共享着一种根基深厚的文化，着实令人羡慕。他们在各处举办的庆典相似得惊人。受邀玩乐时，英国人首先会抱怨几句，然后组织委员会决定细节。记得在过去的几次登基庆典上，孩子们收到纪念马克杯，由此就这些杯子的资金来源引发了没完没了的争议。北威尔特郡一位农夫的妻子在得知自己所属的妇女协会分会必须购买马克杯时，怒气冲冲地抱怨道：“那个牧师！他真得清醒清醒了注1。”然后她又匆匆补上一句：“当然，我不是在批评他。”Celebrations in 1977 involved childrens foodsausage rolls and jelly, hot dogs an
32、d ice creamand beer for the grown-ups. There were violent sporting contests, from tugs-of-war to free-form football matches. To conquer reserve, fancy dress was worn, often involving men in womens clothing. From the West Midlands came news of an all-transvestite football game, with the laconic annot
33、ation: “all ended up in the canal.”1977年的庆典上为孩子提供的食品有香肠卷、果冻、热狗和冰淇淋，而大人们则有啤酒，还有激烈的体育赛事，像是拔河和规则不限的足球赛。为了打破矜持，很多人奇装异服，通常是男扮女装。西米德兰兹郡报道了举办异装癖足球赛的新闻，新闻的脚注简单明了：“所有人最后都掉进沟里了。”London displayed both patriotic zeal (flag-draped pubs in Brick Lane, big street parties in Muswell Hill) and hostility (cheerless h
34、ousing estates, slogans declaring “Stuff the Jubilee”).伦敦有的地方展示了爱国热情（布里克道的酒吧都挂满了国旗，穆斯维尔山则举行了盛大的街道聚会），另一些地方则显露了敌意（闷闷不乐的居民区，写着“让登基庆典见鬼去吧注2”的标语）。Scotland was a nation apart. A “total apathy” in Croy. In Glasgow the anniversary was called “an English jubilee”. Snobs sneered along with Scots. At Eton Col
35、lege, a wooden Jubilee pyramid was smashed by old boys. At Oxford University, examinations were held on Jubilee Day, in a display of indifference.苏格兰的气氛则完全是天差地别。有一份文件报告说克罗瓦“完全漠不关心”。在格拉斯哥该庆典被称为“英格兰登基庆典”。一些自以为是之徒则和苏格兰人一起对庆典嗤之以鼻。在伊顿公学，几位校友一起砸碎了一个木制的登基庆典金字塔。为了表示对该庆典的冷淡态度，牛津大学在庆典日当天举行考试。The Silver Jubile
36、e is not really about the monarchy, asserts a south Wiltshire: the day is about “people wanting a bit of fun”. A report from Wimbotsham in Norfolk, close to a royal estate at Sandringham, stands out for its focus on the queens 25 years on the throne. Locals held a service on the village green, prayi
37、ng for the monarch in “happy togetherness” under dripping umbrellas before a tug-of-war, races and tea for 700.一份来自威尔特郡的文件认为二十五周年登基庆典其实和皇室关系不大，“人们是想要借机玩乐一下”。诺福克郡的温勃特山姆邻近皇室在桑德林汉姆的府邸。据文件报告那里的庆祝活动把重心放在了女皇在位25年的历史上，和其它地方的庆祝大不一样。当地人在村子草地上举行了礼拜，在滴着水的雨伞下祈祷皇室“快乐团圆”。接下来呢？他们举办了拔河、赛跑和供700人享用的茶会。By 2002 and the
38、 Golden Jubilee, Britain comes across as a busier, lonelier, more cynical place. The royal family was “just showbiz”, sniffed a diarist from Sussex. There is angry talk of Princess Diana and how her 1997 death was mishandled by the queen. There are fewer street parties than in 1977, all agree. This
39、is variously blamed on apathy, the authorities (whose job it is to organise events, apparently) and above all on health-and-safety rules. In 1977, in contrast, one Wiltshire village cheerfully let a “pyromaniac” doctor take Jubilee fireworks home to add extra bangs.到2002年五十周年登基庆典时，英国给人的感觉更为繁忙，更为孤独，也
40、更为愤世嫉俗。萨塞克斯的一位日记作者轻蔑地表示皇室“只是演艺行当”罢了。民间仍然气愤地谈论着已故的戴安娜王妃以及女皇对她1997年过世事件的不当处理。所有人都承认街道上的聚会比1977年来得少。关于这种情况有各种解释，包括民众的漠不关心、政府当局（说到底，他们是负责组织活动的），以及最重要的一点，就是健康安全法规。相比之下，1977年威尔特郡有一个村子就快乐地让一位“烟火狂热”医生把庆典烟火带回家继续点放庆祝。The 2012 Jubilee finds Britain changed again. Diamond jubilees being rare (the last was achie
41、ved by Queen Victoria in 1897), the queen is firmly at the centre of the celebrations. Local councils have received more than 8,000 applications to close roads for street parties, suggesting that 2002s passivity is fading. The country is not returning to 1977 and its home-made fancy-dress costumes o
42、r Coronation bunting dug out of attics. Todays shops heave with Jubilee cakes, disposable decorations and flag-emblazoned baubles, letting consumers buy patriotism out of a box.2012年的登基庆典又一次见证了一个不一样的英国。登基六十周年实属罕见（上一位登基满60年的是1897年的维多利亚女皇）。因此这次女皇一定是所有庆典活动的焦点。各个地方市政委员会目前已收到超过8000份关闭道路，举办街道聚会的申请。这表示2002
43、年民众对皇室的冷淡态度正在好转。但英国并没有在回归1977年的情形，人们并没有把自制的奇装异服和加冕彩旗从阁楼里挖出来。今时今日的商店装满了登基庆典蛋糕，一次性的装饰品和印着国旗的彩球，消费者想要体现爱国情操可以直接买现成品。After 60 years on the throne, a jubilee about the queen在位60年，女皇的盛会Visiting Wimbotsham, Bagehot is shown elaborate plans: cake-baking contests, pony rides, a teddy bears picnic, a sports d
44、ay, a pensioners tea. But there will be no tug-of-war (people might hurt themselves) and the face painters have liability insurance. Still, the festivities will dwarf those seen in 2002, locals say. The monarchy endured a “big lull after Diana”, suggests David Long, the driving force behind Wimbotsh
45、ams Diamond Jubilee. As the queen grows older, she is “more highly thought of”. Linda Nixon, a Wimbotsham pensioner, credits Prince Williams royal wedding with reviving enthusiasm. Prince William and his brother Prince Harry are “like everyday people”, she says.在拜访温勃特山姆期间，笔者见证了非常详尽的庆祝计划：烤蛋糕比赛、骑小马、泰迪
46、熊野餐会、运动会、退休老人茶会、不过这次不会有拔河竞赛（可能会有人受伤），而绘脸师们现在可都是买了责任保险的。尽管如此，当地人觉得这次的庆祝活动还是会大大超过2002年的规模。该村登基六十周年庆典背后的推手大卫郎认为皇室在“戴安娜之后忍受了民望低迷的漫长时期”。随着女皇年纪增大，人民“越来越尊敬她”。该村另一位退休人士琳达尼克松则认为威廉王子的皇家婚礼重燃了人们对皇室的热情。她觉得威廉王子和他的弟弟哈利王子“就和普通老百姓一样”。In the Mass Observation Silver Jubilee files, critics grumble about the monarchy co
47、sting too much or entrenching privilege. Supporters say the queen confers global prestige or offers a bulwark against constitutional meddling by politicians. In short, the debate is about the best way to organise society. In both Golden and Diamond Jubilee Britain, by contrast, the issue is whether the queen deserves to be respected, and whether the public can relate to her. In short, individualism is all.“大众观察”的二十五周年登基庆典文件记录着当时的批评者们对于皇室大肆开销，确立牢固的特权这两点甚是不满。而支持者们则认为女皇不仅在全球范围内带来威望，更是防止政客搅乱宪法的一道坚垒。简而言之，这场辩论的核心在于究竟什么才是