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1、2022届北京海淀区高三英语期末D篇阅读分析 讲义楚国有音乐家唱当时最流行的下里巴人，应和者几千人。再唱起比较高深的阳 阿瘫露，跟着唱的就只有几百人了。当他再唱起高雅的歌曲阳春白雪时，跟着 唱的就仅有几十人了。最后他唱起五音六律，特别和谐的最高级的歌曲，能跟着一块 唱的人就仅仅几个人了。音乐之外，其它艺术形式也已如此。在信息技术(information technology)日益发达的今天，媒体内容(media content)在各种传媒方式传播下，已经使得人们应接不暇。媒体内容对公共场所的 占领更是无孔不入。1Millions watch the Oscars every year, but
2、 Fm always interested in the Razzies (金酸梅奖),which recognize cinematic underachievement. For all the attention given to what we like, what we dislike can be just as important, interesting and empowering.第一自然段作者便亮明自己的态度Im always interested in the Razzies (金酸 梅奖)，which recognize cinematic underachievem
3、ent, 且给出原因： what we dislike can be just as important, interesting and empowering o2French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu saw dislike as snobbery. He saw all judgments of taste, favorable or not； as performances of class. The rich could justify their place, he argued, by claiming to have more refined ta
4、stes. Knowing which literature or art to praise could signal to others their rightful place at the top of society. Oversimplified his theory might be, it is not entirely wrong.引经据典 French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu saw dislike as snobbery,也即 法国社会学家Pierre Bourdieu把disl汰e看作为势利。所有有关品味(taste)的判 断在他看来皆为
5、(社会)阶层的表现(performances of class)。犹如富人通过宣称 有着更优雅的嗜好以此证明他们的地位；知道称赞哪种文学或艺术用于向他人表明 their rightful place at the top of society。3Furthermore, dislikes are often used as a way not to stand apart but to fit in. It means learning the unspoken rules of whats OK to like or dislike, and to proclaim those likes
6、or dislikes loudly for others to hear. When some of us swim against the social tide, we might be savvy (精明的)enough to label our likes as nguilty pleasures, which both acknowledges the rules and apologizes for violating them.再者，dislikes are often used as a way not to stand apart but to fit in。也即, dis
7、l汰es通常被用作为适应(to fit in)而非孤立(to stand apart)的方法。Using dislikes as a way to fit in 意味着了解 whats OK to like or dislike,and to proclaim those likes or dislikes loudly for others to hear 的潜规则(the unspoken rules)。Those who swim against the social tide might be savvy (精明的)enough to label their likes as guil
8、ty pleasures, which both acknowledges the rules and apologizes for violating them0那些逆(社会)潮流而上者可能足以精明地把他们 的喜好称之为“罪恶的愉悦”，此举既承认the rules又为违反规则而表示歉意。就 浅层而言，如同下文的 Many of us can probably relate to the experience of having a friend who insists we watch something against our wilL 也即，我们中 很多人可能有如下经历：朋友坚持让我们看
9、违背我们自己意愿的某件事。为了便于大家更好地理解，此处普及一下guilty pleasureso总有些时候，你陷入那愉悦感的同时，你又觉得那是一种罪恶，你觉得不应该把时 间花在这个地方或这个上面。就好比你“沉迷”于那些让你“爆笑”的娱乐节目当中 或“深陷”那些吊人口味的肥皂剧情时，你又觉得有这时间你本该去看书学习去的， 于是就成了那份“罪恶的愉悦”感。就 the unspoken rules of whats OK to like or dislike, and to proclaim those likes or dislikes loudly for others to hear 的释义，
10、还是让我们回归 Pierre Bourdieu 的论说以寻求更经典的感悟。社会学给予我们的真正自由在于给予我们一点机会，让我们去知晓我们参与其间的 游戏，让我们在置身某个场域的时候尽可能少受这个场域的各种力量的操纵，同样也 少受从我们的内部发挥作用的、体现在我们身体层面的各种社会力量的摆布。(Pierre Bourdieu)是否有瞬间石化的感觉？4In my research, though, I found that dislike isnt just a form of snobbery.在引用French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu的观点之后，作者表达自己的观
11、点， 也即 dislike isnt just a form of snobberyo此段为过渡段，起承上启下作用。作者如此表述多为把观点引向纵深，或针对某一 具体事物与现象表述特定观点。5We interviewed over 200 people, a diverse group in race, age, and social class. All the interviewees tended to actively dislike media content far more when they felt they couldnt escape it. Many people can
12、t choose the radio station thats playing at work, or whats on TV at the bar. Moreover, some of us are subjected to more annoyance than others. Remote controls, for instance, have long been seen as a special right of dads, with women and kids given less power to change the channel. Everyone turns to
13、media hoping for specific needs to be met, but those who have those needs realized less often are those who might dislike more often.人文社科类的文章和理工科研究一样，有实践操作环节。在理论总结过于抽象时， 实践操作部分可以辅以打开作者的抽象理论。200 people, a diverse group in race,age, and social class 构成的 interviewees 表明作者调查结论的代表性。All the interviewees t
14、ended to actively dislike media content far more when they felt they couldnt escape ito 也即， 所有的受访对象 在感受到无法逃避媒体内容时，往往倾向于更不喜欢该内容。比如the radio station playing at work, or whats on TV at the bar。再具体至U一个家庭，Remote controls have long been seen as a special right of dads, with women and kids given less power
15、 to change the channel。一方面 some of us are subjected to more annoyance than others； 另一方面 Everyone turns to media hoping for specific needs to be met,故止匕 those who have those needs realized less often are those who might dislike more often o 该句可谓经 典，充分说明定语从句对于补充细节的重要性。那些(特定)需求经常得不到实现的 人便可能是那些经常不喜欢(med
16、ia content)者建此段中，作者从媒体内容传达方式出发，言及受众对于media content的dislike 的深度原因。这在当今时代，特别是对于信息过载的你我，有着极大的意义。君不见， 从商超到办公区再到居民楼的电梯，从公交车到地铁再到火车站和机场，无不充斥着 单调，嘈杂，画面光鲜但表现形式单调且毫无内涵的我们无法逃避的media contento6Therefore, speaking about dislikes is an act of resistancea refusal to allow public space to be conquered by the media
17、content that doesnt connect.短段落和超短话语有着言简意赅之美，此处即是。作者以 speaking about dislikes is an act of resistance 的结论呼应第四自然段 的 I found that dislike isnt just a form of snobbery 埋下的伏笔。也即，在 French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu的基础之上提出谈论不喜欢是一种抵制行为。进一步明 确为 a refusal to allow public space to be conquered by the media c
18、ontent thatdoesnt connect,也即，拒绝无关媒体内容对公共空间的占领。7Dislike can certainly transform into anger or hate, but it may also take a more playful form. Sometimes we could see people joyfully watch the object of their dislike and offer a commentary of criticism, instead of tuning out and turning off. Why? Revel
19、ing in dislike canhelp regain control in a world that overwhelms everyone with content. Keeping the despised shows at hand rather than avoiding them can help the dislikers speak up in the court of public opinion. Or some might enjoy their dislikes as a way to avoid ruining certain relationships. Man
20、y of us can probably relate to the experience of having a friend who insists we watch something against our will.Why (sometimes could we see) people joyfully watch the object of their dislike and offer a commentary of criticism, instead of tuning out and turning off?原因之一是 dislike may also take a mor
21、e playful form。进一步原因是 help regain control in a world that overwhelms everyone with contento 止匕处的 content代指上文的media contento Reveling in dislike的语义推理应来自于该自 然段的前两句信息中的joyfully watch the object of their dislike0再有就是 Keeping the despised shows at hand can help the dislikers speak up in the court of publ
22、ic opinion。也即手边保持不被喜欢的节目可以帮助那些不喜欢(它们) 的人在舆论上发声。to avoid ruining certain relationships 也是 some might enjoy their dislikes 的原因之一。8What if, rather than resenting the show or the person； we simply embrace it in all of its embarrassing glory? By all means, pay attention to the advice to ignore the haters
23、. But a lot can be learned by listening to the dislikers.末尾段落的问句及回答极具张力。取代resenting the show orthe person,如果我们在它所有的令人尴尬的荣耀 (the Razzies, which recognize cinematic underachievement)中对之简单地力口 以拥抱会怎样？第一要做的 pay attention to theadvice to ignore the haters,毕竟 haters 已心生恨意(resenting)。第二要做的是 listening to the
24、 dislikers,因为 a lot can be learnedo 此处呼应第一自然段末尾的 what we disl 汰 e can be just as important, interesting and empowering。31. According to Paragraph 3, people label their likes as guilty pleasures when they.A. follow the mainstreamB. take pride in their tasteC. set up the unspoken rulesD. try to fit in
25、to a certain group此题为段落主旨句支配下的信息匹配。注意主旨句中的not.but.表达，转折一直是 出题人的preferenceo另需注意正确答案D和主旨句的语义切换。A答案违背When some of us swim against the social tideB答案和 C答案中的 take pride inz set up 和原文的claim, learn相违背。32. What can we learn from the passage?A. Dislikes can be found mostly among the rich.B. Learning about l
26、iterature and art is an act of snobbery.C. Expressing dislike helps maintain ones social relationshipsD. Exposure to unwanted media content intensifies peoples dislike.此题为细节推理题。分别找 the rich, literature and art, social relationships 和 media content 下的对应信息。也即 the rich 对应 by claiming to have more refin
27、ed tastes； literature and art 对应 Knowing 和 their rightful place at the top of societyo C 答案与原文 some might enjoy their dislikes as a way to avoid ruining certain relationships 对比, 前者是“表达出不喜欢” (Expressing dislike), 而后 者是enjoy their dislikes。正确答案D为第五自然段核心内容。也即All the interviewees tended to actively dis
28、like media content far more when they felt they couldnt escape ito注意D答案和该句语义切换，特别是Exposure to unwanted media content 和 intensifies 的使用。33. What does the underlined phrase Reveling in1 in the text probably mean? A. Taking delight inB. Showing concern for.C. Drawing lessons from.D. Establishing connec
29、tion to此题已在原文做出部分解析。推理信息语出Sometimes we could see people joyfully watch the object of their dislike and offer a commentary of criticism, instead of tuning out and turning off。故选 A。34. What message does the author try to convey in this passage?A. We are encouraged to launch debates over hot issues in
30、public.B. Staying away from the haters is a sensible means to avoid trouble. C. Embracing our dislikes can be a way to deal with power imbalance D. The media should aim to meet the needs of different groups ofaudience.此题为推理题。答案A容易排除，因为原文没有hot issues相关信息，更无launch debates一说。关于 B 答案，文中只是提及 pay attentio
31、n to the advice to “ignore the haters,故B答案属于信息过度延伸。关于D答案，文中未提及the needs of different groups of audience, 只是言及 Everyone turns to media hoping for specific needs to be met。正确答案C的主语Embracing our dislikes无论是第一自然段，还是文中和文末 都间接或直接提及，属于突显信息。尽管power imbalance的支撑信息较多，但语 义过于抽象且复杂难懂。比如第二，第三自然段The rich could jus
32、tify their place, he argued, by claiming to have more refined tastes. Knowing which literature or art to praise could signal to others their rightful place at the top of society 和 It means learning the unspoken rules of whats OK tolike or dislike, and to proclaim those likes or dislikes loudly for others to hear。再有就是第七 自然段的 Keeping the despised shows at hand rather than avoiding them can help the dislikers speak up in the court of public opinion 和 Or some might enjoy their dislikes as a way to avoid ruining certain relationshipso各位可以试着领悟这些话语。有言，文章中的迂回盘旋之处恰是回味无穷之处。特 别是说理性文章。