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1、大学英语四级考试模拟卷二（总分:32.00,做题时间：130分钟）一、问答题（总题数：2,分数：2.00）l.The Importance of Frustration Education AmongCollegeStudents 无（分数：1.00）正确答案：(高分范文The Importance of Frustration Education AmongCollegeStudentsEach year there are a growing number of college students committing suicide when confronted with setback
2、s and frustration, which suggests that frustration education is extremely importantforcollege students.First of all, what cannot be ignored is that most college students who are far awayfrom theirfamilies need to face challenges alone and may easily get confused and frustrated.Thus, strengthening fr
3、ustration education can help them become strong-minded and teach them how to deal with setbacks.Secondly, college guidance on how to correctly deal with negative emotions is beneficial to students mental health and encourages them to take a positive attitude towards their school life.More over, frus
4、tration is inevitable in our lives.If college students do not learn how to cope with it when they are young, they may encounter more problems in their future careers, such as lack of confidence, difficulties in getting along well with others and unwillingness to try new things, which certainly will
5、become obstacles to theirsuccess.In short, frustration education can bring great benefits to students, which should not be neglected at college.)解析：2,昆曲(Kunqu Opera)是中国传统戏剧中最受推崇的形式之一，至今已有600多年的 历史。几百年来，昆曲在上海及长江三角洲下游地区开展繁荣。从16世纪到18世纪， 昆曲一直主宰着中国戏曲。此外，昆曲还影响了许多其他的中国戏曲形式。例如，在京 剧里，我们可以看到昆曲的影子。2001年，联合国教科文
6、组织宣布昆曲为“人类口述 和非物质文化遗产代表作”。无(分数：1.00)正确答案：(参考译文Kunqu Opera is one of the most venerated forms of traditional Chinese opera with a history of more than 600 years.For hundreds of years, it has prospered in Shanghai and around the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Delta.Kunqu Opera dominated Chinese op
7、era from the 16th to the 18th century.ln addition, Kunqu Opera has also exerted influence on many other forms of Chinese opera.For example, Kunqu elements are still discernible in Peking Opera.In 2001, UNESCO declared Kunqu Opera a masterpiece of the oral and intangiblecultural heritageof humanity.)
8、解析：二、单项选择题(总题数：30,分数：30.00)J.revealedK.rigorous L.schedule M.scholarly N.significantly .technique 解析：空格位于名词短语health workers之前，应填入形容词。由本段破折号后的 内容可知，行为激活疗法比认知行为疗法本钱低得多，因为认知行为疗法需要高度专业 的治疗师，由此推测行为激活疗法并不需要特别专业的人员。根据空格后面的内容可知, 这些医疗工作者还需要接受短期的培训，由此可知他们是资历比拟浅的或者没有什么经 验的，符合此意思的只有F)junior,表示“(地位、职位、级别)较低的”。12
9、 .Mounting evidence shows that behavioral-activation ( BA) therapy is just as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CBT) in treating depression.Unlike CBT, BA is an outside-in 26 in which therapists focus on modifying actions rather than thoughts.The idea is that what you do and how you feel a
10、re 27/says David Richards, a health services researcher at the University of Exeter If a patient values nature andfamily ,for example, a therapist might encourage him to 28 a daily walk in the park with hisgrandchildren, which could create a(n) 29 to more negative pastimes such aspondering on loss.
11、BA has existed for decades，and some of its elements are used in CBT, yet more 30 scientific evidence is needed to assess its relative strength as a stand-aloneapproach.In a recent study, a 31 of 18 researchers led by Richards put BA and CBThead-to-head.They 32 440 people with depression to about 16
12、weeks of one of the two approaches, then followed the patients progress at 6, 12 and 18 months after treatment began.As 33 in a paper published in the Lancet, the team found the treatments to beequally effective.In addition, Richards and his colleagues found that 34 health workers could provide BA a
13、fter a brief training periodmaking it 35 cheaper to implement than CBT,which requires highly specialized therapists.That distinction could make the former a boon to developing countries, where resourcesformental health are especially scarce.空白处35.应填无(分数：1.00) A.access B.alternative C.assigned 0.coll
14、aboration E.involved F.junior G.linked H.range I.regularly J.revealed K.rigorous L.scheduleM.scholarlyN.significantly V.technique解析：空格位于形容词比拟级cheaper之前，应填入副词来修饰。根据句意可知I, 这里需要填入一个程度副词来修饰cheaper,表示“廉价得多”，故填入N) sign币canMy “显著地，极大地”。全文并未提及行为激活疗法只在特定的时间或情况下本钱低于认 知行为疗法，故排除I) regularly 定期地,有规律地”。13 .Univer
15、sal Health Care, Worldwide, Is Within Reach(A) By many measures the world has never been in better health.Since 2000 the number of children who die before they are five has fallen by almost half, tO 5.6m.Life expectancy has reached 71 , a gain of five years.More children than ever are vaccinated.Mal
16、aria, TBand HIV/AIDSare in retreat.(B) Yet the gap between this progress and the still greater potential that medicine offers has perhaps never been wider At least half the world is without access to what the World Health Organization deems essential,including antenatal,(产前的)care, insecticide-treate
17、d bednets, screening for cervical cancer (子宫颈癌)and vaccinations against diphtheria (白 喉)，tetanus (破伤风)and whooping cough.Safe, basic surgery is out of reach for 5bn people.(C) Those who can get to see a doctor often pay a crippling price.More than 800m people spend over 10% of their annual household
18、 income on medical expenses; nearly 180m spend over 25%.The quality of what they get in return is often woeful.In studies of consultations in rural Indian clinics, just 12-26% of patients received a correct diagnosis.That is a terrible waste .As this weeks special report shows, the goal of universal
19、 basic health care is sensible, affordable and practical, even in poor countries.Without it, the potential of modem medicine willbesquandered.(D) Universal basic health care is sensible in the way that, say, universal basic education is sensiblebecause it yields benefits to society as well as to ind
20、ividuals.In some quarters the very idea leads to a dangerous elevation of the blood pressure, because it suggests paternalism (家长式统治)，coercion or worse .The re is no hiding that public health insurance schemes require the rich to subsidise the poor, the young to subsidise the old and the healthy to
21、underwrite the sick.And universal schemes must have a way of forcing people to pay, through taxes, say, or by mandating that they buy insurance.(E) But there is a principled, liberal case for universal health care.Good health is something everyone can reasonably be assumed to want in order to realis
22、e their full individual potential.Universal care is a way of providing it that is pro-gowth.The costs of inaccessible, expensive and abject treatment are enormous.The sick struggle to get an education or to be productive at work.Land cannot be developed if it is full of disease-carrying parasites.Ac
23、cording to several studies, confidence about health makes people more likely to set up their own businesses.(F) Universal basic health care is also affordable.A country need not wait to be rich before it can have comprehensive , if rudimentary , treatment.Health care is a labour-intensive industry,
24、and community health workers, paid relatively little compared with doctors and nurses, can make a big difference in poor countries.There is also already a lot of spending on health in poor countries, but it is often inefficient.In India and Nigeria, for example, more than 60% of health spending is t
25、hrough out-of-pocket payments.More services could be provided if that money一andthe riskof fallingill一were pooled.(G) The evidence for the feasibility of universal health care goes beyond theories jotted on the back of prescription pads.lt is supported by several pioneering examples.Chile and Costa R
26、ica spend about an eighth of what America does per person on health and have similar life expectandes.Thailand spends $220 per person a year on health, and yet has outcomes nearly as good asin the OECD.Its rate of deaths related to pregnancy, for example, is just over half that of African-American m
27、others.Rwanda has introduced ultrabasic health insurance for more than 90% of its people; infant mortality has fallen from 120 per 1,000 live births in 2000 to under30 lastyear.(H) And universal health care is practical.lt is a way to prevent free-riders from passing on the costs of not being cove r
28、ed to others, forexample by clogging up emergency rooms or by spreading contagious diseases.lt does not have to mean big government.Private insurers and providers can still play an important role.(I) Indeed such a practical approach is just what the low-cost revolution needs.Take, for instance, the
29、design of health-insurance schemes.Many countries start by making a small group of people eligi ble fora large number of benefits, in the expectation that other groups will be added laten(Civil servants a re,mysteriously, common beneficiaries.) This is not only unfair and inefficient, but also risks
30、 creating a constituency opposed to extending insurance to others.The better option is to cover as many people as possible, even if the services available are sparse, as under Mexicos Seguro Popularscheme.(J) Small amounts of spending can go a long way.Research led by Dean Jamison, a health economis
31、t, has identified over 200 effective interventions, including immunizations and neglected procedures such as basic surgery.In total， these would cost poor countries about an extra $1 per week per person and cut the number of premature deaths there by more than a quarterAround half that funding would
32、 go to primary health centres, not dty hospitals, which today receive more than their fair share of the money.(K) Consider, too, the $37bn spent each year on health aid.Since 2000, this has helped save millions from infectious diseases.But international health organizations can distort domestic inst
33、itutions, forexample by setting up parallel programmes or by diverting health workers into pet projects. A better approach, seen in Rwanda, is when programmes targeting a particular disease bring broader be ne fits. One example is the way that the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
34、finances community health workers who treat pati ents with HIV but alsothose with otherdiseases.(L) Europeans have long wondered why the United States shuns the efficiencies and health gains from universal care , but its potential in developing countries is less understood.So long as half the world
35、goes without essential treatment, the fruits of centuries of medical science will be wasted.Universal basic health care can help realise its promise.It is extremely wasteful that people couldnt get satisfying treatment after spending a fortune.无(分数：1.00)A.AB.BC.C VD.DE.E F.F G.G H.H 1.1 J J K.K L.L
36、解析：由题干中的extremely wasteful和spending a fortune定位到原文C）段。C） 段第一句提到，那些能够去看医生的人也经常要pay a crippling price,由第二句中的over 10% of their annual household in8me 和 over 25%可知，pay a crippling price 是指支付高 昂的费用。第三句指出，what they get in return的水平却常常糟糕透顶，由下一句中的 received a correct diagnosis可知，这些人所得到的是治疗。第四句提到这是一种可怕的 浪费，th
37、at指代该段前四句话，即那些能够去看医生的人也经常要支付高昂的费用，但 他们得到的治疗水平却常常糟糕透顶。题干中的extremely wasteful对应原文中的a temble waste； people couldnt get satisfying treatment 对应原文中的 uThe quality of what they get in return is often woeful. spending a fortune 是对原文中 pay a crippling price 的 同义转述，故C）为答案。14 .Universal Health Care, Worldwide,
38、Is Within Reach(A) By many measures the world has never been in better health.Since 2000 the number of children who die before they are five has fallen by almost half, tO 5,6m.Life expectancy has reached 71 , a gain of five years.More children than ever are vaccinated.Malaria, TBand HIV/AIDSare in r
39、etreat.(B) Yet the gap between this progress and the still greater potential that medicine offers has perhaps never been wider At least half the world is without access to what the World Health Organization deems essential,including antenatal,（产前的）care, insecticide-treated bednets, screening for cer
40、vical cancer （子宫颈癌）and vaccinations against diphtheria （白 喉）,tetanus （破伤风）and whooping cough.Safe, basic surgery is out of reach for 5bn people.(C) Those who can get to see a doctor often pay a crippling price.More than 800m people spend over 10% of their annual household income on medical expenses;
41、 nearly 180m spend over 25%.The quality of what they get in return is often woeful.In studies of consultations in rural Indian clinics, just 12-26% of patients received a correct diagnosis.That is a terrible waste .As this weeks special report shows, the goal of universal basic health care is sensib
42、le, affordable and practical, even in poor countries.Without it, the potential of modem medicine willbesquandered.(D) Universal basic health care is sensible in the way that, say, universal basic education is sensiblebecause it yields benefits to society as well as to individuals.In some quarters th
43、e very idea leads to a dangerous elevation of the blood pressure, because it suggests paternalism （家长式统治），coercion or worse .The re is no hiding that public health insurance schemes require the rich to subsidise the poor, the young to subsidise the old and the healthy to underwrite the sick.And univ
44、ersal schemes must have a way of forcing people to pay, through taxes, say, or by mandating that they buy insurance.(E) But there is a principled, liberal case for universal health care.Good health is something everyone can reasonably be assumed to want in order to realise their full individual pote
45、ntial.Universal care is a way of providing it that is pro-gowth.The costs of inaccessible, expensive and abject treatment are enormous.The sick struggle to get an education or to be productive at work.Land cannot be developed if it is full of disease-carrying p a r a si te s. A cco rd i n g to sever
46、al studies, confidence about health makes people more likelyto set up their own businesses.(F) Universal basic health care is also affordable.A country need not wait to be rich before it can have comprehensive , if rudimentary , treatment.Health care is a labour-intensive industry, and community hea
47、lth workers, paid relatively little compared with doctors and nurses, can make a big difference in poor countries.There is also already a lot of spending on health in poor countries, but it is often inefficient.In India and Nigeria, for example, more than 60% of health spending is through out-of-poc
48、ket payments.More services could be provided if that money一andthe riskof fallingill一were pooled.(G) The evidence for the feasibility of universal health care goes beyond theories jotted on the back of prescription pads.lt is supported by several pioneering examples.Chile and Costa Rica spend about a
49、n eighth of what America does per person on health and have similar life expectandes.Thailand spends $220 per person a year on health, and yet has outcomes nearly as good as in the OECD.Its rate of deaths related to pregnancy, for example, is just over half that of African-American mothers.Rwanda has introduced ultrabasic health insurance for more than 90% of its people; infant mortality has fallen from 120 per 1,000 live births in 2000 to under30 lastyear(H) And un