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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上-+懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。如何在四个月内将考研英语成绩切实提高20分？这是我们每个人想要通过考研，必须面对都问题。每年都要考生因为英语拖后退而名落孙山的。还有成绩很不稳定，今年考个60，明年考个40的。说明将英语水平保证在60以上，确实是个问题。下面将从复习选择资料谈到阅读方法，以2005-2009年真题为例。一、必备的书（适用于一战的选手）：1、考研英语大纲，法硕指南配套的大纲可以不买，但英语大纲必须买。因为
2、上面有需要掌握都单词列表。2、朱泰奇的英语复习指南。他每年就那一本，除了把刚考过的题付在后面外，就剩书皮要换个新的了。但这本书对考研涉及的单词和词组总结的特别全面，对巩固基础很有帮助。3、石春桢的阅读220篇。这是我见过和考研阅读真题难度最接近的一本书了。可能还略微难一点，用来练阅读在好不过。有些人反映他都阅读朝纲都词汇太多，但2009年都真题不是朝纲都词汇更多吗？4、张剑和曾鸣编著都历年考研英语（试卷版）真题解析及复习思路。我见过的最好的真题汇编，后面有详细的解释，而且有每道题的难度和区分度，可以让你弄清楚是否是必错的题。大家都错的话，不需要去过多研究，只能说明题出的不好。特别是那种难度和区
3、分度都在0.01以下的。这种题说明出题老师都无能。此外，一定要选择试卷版，因为最象卷子，有模拟的感觉。5、若干的模拟题。做模拟题其实是很无奈的一件事。模拟做的再多还是模拟，永远不可能跟真题的难度一样，何况现在市面上出的模拟题质量一点都不好。但我劝你还是买至少一本吧，把上面的题认认真真的做了。虽然它很烂，但是还是可以让你知道哪里是你的薄弱环节。只要它起到这样的作用也就行了。这里强调买模拟题的应该注意的几点：首先看看后面有没有详细的答案，阅读题的答案应该告诉你文中对应的地方是那里，语法应该讲解语法现象，作文最好还有范文。其次看看阅读每段的长度够不够，这点很重要。有些粗制滥造的题长度明显太短，做完后
4、让你自信心膨胀，有虚假的胜利感，并会给你带来最后的痛苦。书就推荐这么多，还有两本不错的书可以考虑：一本是跟大纲配套的大纲详解，它里面可以看出出题的方向，对理解题意有好处。不过政治的效果更好一些。另一本是宫东风出的考研英语词汇复习指南。此外，最重要的是买本词组的背诵书，切记。虽然不直接考察词组，但多看词组有一个好处，可以培养你意群的意识，看阅读的时候可以一目十行，有效提高阅读的速度。二、复习当中应该注重的总原则和要搞清的几个问题。总原则一：英语能力的培养是慢功夫，不可能一促而就。所以每天都要看英语，每天都要作题。强调这点是必要的，因为很多人做不到这点。经常是三天打鱼两天晒网。总原则二：记住考研英
5、语很BT，从1999-2009年，出题难度有非常大的变化。它是那些研究英语的人出的题，不是那些运用英语的人出的题。所以它虽然以英语为基础，但是它考不出你真正的英语水平。所以我们的任务是如何对付这个BT的考不出来我们真实英语水平的题，而不是真正提高我们的英语水平。笔者一直做了从1999年到2009年的十年真题，1999-2004年难度比较稳定，没太大的变化。2005有个非常大都难度提高，2006-2008持下降都趋势。2009年又有大的难度提高。总原则三：英语就是考阅读。虽然现在增加了新题型、小作文之类的，但是如果一般人阅读拿不到25-30分，英语及格就很困难。并且阅读跟答好其他题型，有着密不可
6、分的关系，所以一定要充分认识到阅读的对取得高分的重要性。问题1、英语能力和作题的关系。英语能力是作题的基础，基础扎实才能取得高分。基础不好的朋友要敢于面对这个现实，想要短时间内提高英语能力，想要把每个单词都记住是不现实的。我们不要强求自己阅读，翻译，作文水平在4个月里能有长足的提高，我们所能做的仅仅是在在剩下的4个月里所能做的把上面的几本书翻烂，把英语提高20分。我在这里做个保证，上面所列的那几本书对想要考70分左右的朋友足够用了，不用再买杂七杂八的其他书了。问题2、提高分数的唯一办法是对这个考试做到非常熟悉，想要对考试做到非常熟悉的唯一办法是作题。问题3、作题要注意几点：每天做阅读都要卡表看
7、时间，要努力提高速度。刚开始做的时候可能很慢，所以告你个方法，以比自己平常阅读速度稍快的速度阅读。刚开始的时候可能会读不大懂，作题老出错，坚持一段方法就好了。阅读考试正常需要的时间是一个小时，但我最后考试的时候看了一下表，作完才用了半个小时。每作完一套题之后都要看答案，看看自己错在哪里，为什么做错了。是语法不扎实，还是单词没记住，还是推理有问题。还是掉进出题人都陷阱里了。问题4、每天除了作题外，需要做的2件事：背单词。为阅读打基础，每天都要背，以前背的要经常复习。做阅读，至少4篇。问题5、请认识到，考研英语跟一个人都英语能力有关，但也关系不大。它都作用就刷下一批人去。因此出题人选材之无聊、晦涩
8、、抽象，出题之恶毒就是这个考试的特点。 三、复习的步骤就按推荐的书来说。1、第一个月先把大纲背过一遍。那本大纲翻的黑黑的让你会很有满足感。以后的每个月都要复习单词。要特别强调注意每个单词释意的第二第三个意思。考研很BT，经常考那些不常用的意思。背单词的方法：我是每天看一个字母下的单词A，第二天再背下一个字母B。背完今天的，再重新复习前一天看过的。把昨天背过忘记的划出来。第三天背下下一个字母的，同时看第二天背的，划出忘记的。第四天复习第一天划出的忘的。依次类推。速度很快的，你可以试试。2、第二个月看朱泰奇的英语复习指南。那本书里面基础总结的很好，按单词词组都做了归纳，要好好看。大致需要一个月的时
9、间。基础好的人可以略过。3、第三个月做1999-2009年的真题。每套题都要搞懂。真题不多，最好留一套做最后的模拟。特别注意体会出题人心理的变化。4、第四个月的前20天做石春帧的220篇或模拟题，后10天回归真题。期间要背诵作文模板，切忌一定练习写一下，至少每天一篇。-真题是根本，出题人心态是根本。其他都是次要的。还有你自己都心态也是重要的，要戒骄戒躁，保持平和。说明几点：复习步骤不能死搬教条，如果你基础够好的话，或者你已经背过单词了，完全可以直接从第二步开始。这样的话，多一个月的时间可以把真题和石春桢的阅读好好看看。这两本书看两遍都不为过，特别是对一战的来说。四、注意事项1、复习后期不要以单
10、词为主，一定要以阅读为主。2、以摸清出题人心里为主，一两个单词不认识，都是次要都。3、以提高阅读速度为主，找到较高都阅读速度和正确率之间的平衡点。一般是阅读速度提高，正确率下降。4、提高阅读速度最重要的是加强对长难句的理解，要注意这不是短时间内可以提高的。对长难句的认识和掌握，要贯穿复习始终。5、出题人都心里最重要，每个阅读重点不在文章的理解，而在每个选项都比较上。很多人都误区，是花很多时间在文章阅读上，却在很短时间内，随便选一个了事。五、如何阅读（2005-2009风格比较统一，与2004年以前有大不同，出题思路都不一样）1、2005年真题阅读总评价：2005比2004以前的真题，风格和难度
11、都有很大变化，因为第一次引入新题型。Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumptio
12、n that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour of f
13、emale brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perf
14、ect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de waals; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining cham
15、bers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its r*came markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over fo
16、r a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to ;accept the slice of cucumber Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (withou
17、t an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels
18、 it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and human
19、s, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic byA. posing a contrast.B. justifying an assumption.C. making a comparison.D. explaining a phenomenon.22. The sta
20、tement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies thatA. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature.C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monke
21、ys were chosen for the research most probably because they areA. more inclined to weigh what they get.B. attentive to researchers instructions.C. nice in both appearance and temperament.D. more generous than their male companions24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study tha
22、t the monkeysA. prefer grapes to cucumbers.B. can be taught to exchange things.C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D. are unhappy when separated from others.25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B. Human indignation evolved from
23、 an uncertain source.C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.阅读方法：先看21-25每道题都题干，注意是题干，不看选择项。这样看都好处是，大致了解文章要谈到什么，可以很快的进入状态。不看选择项的原因，在于只有一个正确选项，其他3个是错误。这三个错误选项还有可能是文章中谈到的。过早看了，可能会形成先入为主，自证自己正确都思维定势。就是说不要受不必要的干扰。 接着，看文章。略读和
24、跳读（scan and skip），注意不是精读。很多人喜欢精读。这也是大学四年考4、6级培养成的习惯。对于考研来说是错误的。我可以确切都说，喜欢精读的人，再怎么提高英语也就是50-60左右的成绩。对于考研英语阅读量大，时间紧，难度大。精读方法不适合。至于如何scan and skip，有时间我再讲。这个有专门都训练方法。 然后回头做题。注意，一般到这一步时，一般是仅仅过了5-7分钟左右时间。剩下时间都要花在回查原文和比较选择项上。看21题，难度是0.246。说明难度挺高（难度分越低，说明越难，做对都人更少）我选了D.因为原文确实提出了一个人类身上发生都现象。但正确答案是C。因为这是文章都主题
25、所在。此外，最后一句BUT，说明是个比较。这就是落入出题人都陷阱里了。2、2006年真题阅读总评价：2006比2005难度降低，估计2005年的人考的不好。但完型和翻译挺难，有点象2009.新题型难度不大。Text 3Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived, the large, slow-growing
26、animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans。That the seas are being over-fished has been known for years what researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at
27、 half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods de not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in N
28、ature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative, one reason fo
29、r this is that fishing technology has improved Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago that means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one
30、 recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since to baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, i
31、n the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around noise. Dr. Myers and Dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.
32、 They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters b
33、ecause theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped form a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to de business. 31、The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted
34、to suggest that A、 large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment B、 small species survived as large animals disappeared C、 large sea animals may face the same threat today. D、 Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones 32、who can infer form Dr Myers and Dr. Worms paper that A、 the stock
35、of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90% B、 there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago C、 the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount D、 the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisherish than in the old 33、By saying thes
36、e figures are conservative (line in ,paragragf-3), Dr worm means that A、 fishing technology has improved rapidly B、 then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded C、 the marine bio mass has suffered a greater loss D、 the date collected so far are pit pf date. 34 、Dr Myers and other researchers
37、hold that A、people should look for a baseline that cant work for a longer time B、fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass C、the ocean biomass should restored its original level. D、people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation. 35、The author seems to be mainly concer
38、ned with most fisheries A、 management efficiency B、 biomass level C、 catch-size limits D、 technological application. 做题方法同样，一般一个文章在15分钟之内做完。32和35题是难题。其中32题难度是0.107.可怕都题，几乎没有人做对。主要都原因是对于“In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.”没有读懂。可以看出，几乎每篇文章都有至少一两道难题。做错一个或两个都在正常范围内。3、2007年真题总评价：完
39、型和作文难度大。老妖做了下完型，才得了5分。作文容易跑题，没有文字提示。跟2009年作文题的问题一样，太抽象。很多人有不同理解。Text 2For the past several years， the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant， who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years ol
40、d； that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies， to envision paper after it has been folded and cut， and to deduce numerical sequences， among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from
41、 the average Joe （whose IQ is 100） as， Whats the difference between love and fondness？ Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？ Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and p
42、hilosophers.Clearly， intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart？ How much of intelligence can be specified， and how much can we learn about it from neurology， genetics， computer science and other fields？The defining term of intelligence in humans still
43、seems to be the IQ score， even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms： the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come in adult and childrens version）。 Generally costing several hundred dollars， they are
44、usually given only by psychologists， although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible， because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks， rather tan simply dividing the mental are by t
45、he chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests， such as the Scholastic Assessment Test （SAT） and the Graduate Record Exam （GRE）， capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life， a
46、rgues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？”。 Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge， components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover， IQ tes
47、ts do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership sills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions， but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite.
48、Anyone who bas toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters， whether its knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.451 words26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？A Answering philosophical questions.B Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.C Telling the differences between certain concepts.D Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3？A People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.B More versions of IQ tests are now available on the