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1、第一局部写作技巧点拨安徽中考英语书面表达总分值20分，其分值占试卷总分的六分之一,其重要性不言而喻。因此,考生在 写作时应防止出现一些基础的错误，以提高书面表达的得分。以下为考生写作时常出现的问题：审题问题人称错误，如前后人称混乱;时态、语态混乱;弄不清写作对象;写作顺序混乱，缺乏逻辑性和连贯性; 没有按要点提示写作，造成要点遗漏等。思维问题中式英语思维，语法不规范，如句子结构混乱;句式运用错误;句子没有主语或谓语;主谓不一致等。语言问题语法、词汇匮乏;句式简单;固定搭配和习惯用法使用错误;符号运用错误;缺少连接词或冠词;there be 句型使用错误;人称代词主格和宾格误用;名词单复数变化规
2、那么和动词各种时态变化规那么没弄清,造成拼 写错误;字母的大小写误用等。意识到以上问题还不够,考生还需要学习一些书面表达方面的技巧，以到达事半功倍的效果。下面我 们将从内容、语言、逻辑、书写四个维度一一进行讲解。内容维度R:Role角色A:Audience 读者F: Format 方式T:Topic 主题RAFT模式为考生完成写作任务提供了一个有效的框架，考生凭借“角色、读者、方式、主题”这一 套“脚手架”，设想自己就是某一“角色”入境体验，围绕某一“主题”运用学科知识，以适当的“方式”，向特定 的“读者”表达。下面我们将结合近年来安徽中考英语书面表达真题，对该模式的实施策略进行介绍。典例1
3、（2019安徽）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike最近因视力减退而感到不安，请你用英文给他写封电子邮件，谈谈 你在保护视力方面的一些做法。要点如下：1 .经常做户外活动；2 .很少用电子产品；3 .坚持做眼保健操；5.其他并列连词:bothand.,not only.but (also) .,either.or.n neithernor.等。例如:My uncle cant do it.My aunt cant do it,either.Neither my uncle nor my aunt can do it.我叔叔和我婶婶者不会做这件事。My friend loves singing.I
4、 love singing,too.Both my friend and I love singing.我和我的朋友都喜欢唱歌。二、巧用状语从句初中阶段常用的状语从句有时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的 状语从句和结果状语从句等。1.引导时间状语从句的连词:while,when,since,as,before,after,until/till,as soon as 等。例如：I wont fully believe it.I see it myself.J wont fully believe it until I see it myself.在亲眼看到之前，我是不会
5、完全相信这件事的。2 .引导让步状语从句的连词:though/although,even though/if,no matter how/what/where等。例如：My father was ill.My father still went to work.一Although my father was ill,he still went to work.虽然我父亲病 了，但他仍然去上班。3 .引导条件状语从句的连词:if,unless,as long as等。例如：You will fail to arrive there in time.You start earlier.You wi
6、ll fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点出发，你就不能及时到达那里。4 .引导原因状语从句的连词:because,since,as等。例如：It was raining outside.We stayed at home.一Because it was raining outside,we stayed at home.因为外面在下雨,所以我们待在家里。Exercising is good for health.He often gets up early to run.-Since exercising i
7、s good for health,he often gets up early to run.因为锻炼对健康有好处，所以他经常早起 跑步。5 .引导目的状语从句的连词:so that,in order that等。例如：I got up early.I could catch the first bus.J got up early so that I could catch the first bus我起得早,以便能赶上头班车。He works hard.His family could live a good life.一He works hard in order that his f
8、amily could live a good life.他努力工作是为了让他的家人过上好的生活。6.引导结果状语从句的连词:sothat,suchthat等。例如：He spoke quickly.I couldnt understand him. 一He spoke so quickly that I couldnt understand him.他说得太快 了，以至于我没听懂他的话。He is such a shy boy.He doesnt like to talk with others.He is such a shy boy that he doesnt like to talk
9、 with others.他是一个如此害羞的男孩，他不喜欢和别人说 话。三、巧用宾语从句宾语从句是主从复合句的一种，其从句局部在整个句子中作宾语，从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他“。常见的连接词有that,if/whether,what,when,where,how,who等。He asked me/What did you do yesterday?”He asked me what I did yesterday.他问我昨天做了 什么。Where are you from? I wonder it.一I wonder where you are from.我想知道你
10、来自哪里。She said to her mother,“The dress is really beautiful.”She said to her mother that the dress was really beautiful.她对她妈妈说，那条裙子真的很漂亮。“Will she come to the party?” he asked me.一He asked me if/whether she would come to the party.他问我她是否会来聚会。四、巧用定语从句在定语从句中，从句在整个句子中作定语，修饰先行词。初中阶段需掌握由 which,that,who/wh
11、om,whose引导的简单的定语从句。1 .先行词为人:who/whom/that/whose引导。例如：The girl is my sister.The girl is in a red dress.The girl who/that is in a red dress is my sister.穿红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹。Mr.Liu wants to talk to the students.The students havent handed in their homework.Mr.Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework h
12、avent been handed in.刘老师想和没有交家庭作 业的学生谈话。2 .先行词为物:which/that/whose引导。例如：This is the book Journey to the West .You are looking for it.一This is the book Journey to the West that/which you are looking for.这就是你正在找的那本西游记。I live in a house.The window of the house is open to the south.一J live in a house who
13、se window is open to the south.我住在一所窗户朝南开的房子里。五、巧用短语1 ,用动词不定式。例 1:1 should return the book to the library.I remembered that.1 remembered to return the book to the library.练 1 :Linda will come to the party next Monday.She has promised that.2 ,用介词短语。仞U 2:You can keep fit by taking part in sports.一You
14、can take part in sports in order to keep fit.练 2:The little child is thin and weak because he has an unhealthy diet.3 .用形容词短语。除U 3:The girl heard the good news.She was happy and excited.一The girl heard the good news,happy and excited.练 3:1 went home.I was tired but happy.参考答案：1 .Linda has promised t
15、o come to the party next Monday.2 .The little child is thin and weak because of his unhealthy diet.3.1 went home,tired but happy.六、巧用比拟等级当对事物进行比拟时，可使用形容词和副词的比拟等级:同级比拟、比拟级和最高级。常用结构:as. as 结构,(more).than结构,“the+比拟级.,the+比拟级结构比拟级+and+比拟级”结构,the most.结构和 “one of the+最高级”结构。1 .同级比拟。例如：Li Hua can speak En
16、glish as well as his friend Tom.李华英语说得和他的朋友汤姆一样好。Your bike is not as/so new as hers.你的自行车不如她的新。2 .比拟级。例如：The more you practice,the better your English will be.你练习得越多，你的英语就会越好。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make,你越仔细，你犯的错误就越少。3 .最高级。例如：The Yellow River is one of the longest rive
17、rs in the world.黄河是世界上最长的河流之一 o七、巧用感叹句巧用感叹句可将说话者说话时惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等内心情感表达得更加强烈。1 .由what引导。例如：The music is beautiful.一What beautiful music it is!多么美妙的音乐啊！It is a fine day.What a fine day it is!多么晴朗的天气啊!2 .由how引导。例如：Miss Yang is a nice teacher.-How nice a teacher Miss Yang is!杨老师是多么好的一位老师啊！He is a clever boy
18、.How clever a boy he is!他是多么聪明的一个男孩啊！八、巧用it作形式主语和形式宾语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句中作主语时，为防止句子头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式 主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时,为保持 句子结构平衡，防止句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾，此时it仍只起先行引 导作用，本身无词义。Lit作形式主语。例如:It is a pity.You didnt go to see the film yesterday.-It is a pity that you di
19、dnt go to see the film yesterday.很遗憾你昨天没去看那部电影。2.1 t作形式宾语。例如：We should take exercise every day.I feel it helpful.一I feel it helpful to take exercise every day.我觉得每天锻炼很有帮助。I follow the school rules.I think it is necessary.-I think it necessary to follow the school rules.我认为必须遵守校规。九 巧变句首句式变化句首句式，如以一个介
20、词短语、形容词短语、不定式短语或副词作为句子的开头，而不一定要采 用固定的主谓结构作为开头，以防止造成读者的阅读疲劳。1 .用介词短语开头。例如：You must be careful when you cross the road at every moment.At every moment,you must be careful when you cross the road.你过马路时，每时每刻都必须小心。We are moved by people and things around us from time to time.1 From time to time,we are mo
21、ved by people and things around us.我们时常会被周围的人和事感动。2 .用不定式短语开头。例如：My mother always gets up early in the morning to prepare breakfast for us.To prepare breakfast for us,my mother always gets up early in the morning.为 了 给我们准备早餐,我妈妈 早晨总是起得很早。My sister often goes to the school library to read the books s
22、he likes.一To read the books she likes,my sister often goes to the school library.为 了 读她喜欢的书，我妹妹经常去学 校图书馆。3 .用副词(短语)开头。例如：Tom has made much progress in math recently because of his hard work.一Recently,Tom has made much progress in math because of his hard work.最近,汤姆因为努力学习在数学 方面取得了巨大的进步。逻辑维度利用连接词1,表示先
23、后 M页序:first,second,next,finally,to begin/start with,since then,first of all,afterwards,at first,later,in the end,after that,at last,for the first time,firstly,secondly,thirdly 等 02,表示转折比照:however,but,while,though/although,even though/if,yet,on the contrary 等。3 .表示因果：for,so,as a result,because,so.tha
24、t.,so that,because of,thats because,that9s why,thanks to,therefore,thus 等。4 .表示条件:if,unless,if possible,if so,if necessary,as long as 等。5 .表 示补 充递进 :not only.but (also).,not.but.,in this way,whats more/worse,in other words,besides,at the same time,on the one hand.on the other hand.,and,too,either.or
25、.,both.and.,as well as,also,as for,above all 等。6 .表示强调总结:that is to say,whats more important,in a word,after that,in my opinion,last but not least,all in all,as far as I know,in short 等。7 .表示解释说明:for example,such as,as you know,as we all know,like,according to,and so on,that is to say,to tell the tr
26、uth 等。8 .表示目 的:in order that,in order to,so that 等。利用过渡句过渡句是一个既承接或总结上文内容，同时又提示或引起下文内容的句子。过渡句在英语书面表达 中非常常见,能够让文章层次清晰，主题突出。典例Come to learn English in Los Angeles!We can offer you great summer English courses.You will love coming to Los Angeles to learn about American culture and improve your English a
27、t the same time.The courses last for.As well as learning English,we want you to experience life in the US.You can stay as a guest with an American family and take part in their daily life.You will have meals with the family and do some activities with them,too.For many of our students this is the be
28、st part of the course.Many families form close friendships with the students and stay in touch with them.But if you prefer,of course,you can stay in a hotel.“As well as learning English,we want you to experience life in the US.”既是承上启下的过渡句,也是本 段的主题句。书写维度好的书写会给阅卷老师留下好的第一印象。在书写时，考生需要注意以下几个方面：1 .在誉写到答题卡
29、上之前可以先打个草稿，检查文章要点是否全面,时态、人称是否正确，句子结构是 否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。2 .检查无误后，将草稿誉写在答题卡上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。3 .规范书写,字母饱满圆润，格式正确。4 .切忌在答题卡上乱涂、乱写或用修正液修改。一旦写错，规范修改用一条斜线划掉即可。4.注意:1 .词数80100;.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2 .文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。Dear Mike,Im sorry to learn that your eyesight is getting weaker.Yours,Li Hua
30、审题RoleAudienceFormatTopic李华“我”（确定人称）Mike（确定读者）电子邮件（确定体裁）“我”在保护视力方面的一些做法（确定 时态、内容要点、语言风格）由于审题问题，很多考生会误将本文写成给Mike的建议。参考范文Dear Mike,Im sorry to learn that your eyesight is getting weaker.Fd like to share with you some ways of protecting eyesight in my daily life.At school,! often go out of the classroo
31、m to play with my classmates or do physical exercise during the breaks.In my free time,! also try hard to avoid using the mobile phone or computer.You know,the light they give off is harmful to our eyes.Besides,doing eye exercises plays an important role in relaxing my tired eyes.Lastly,I usually ha
32、ve my eyes examined every term to make sure my eyes stay healthy.I hope youH find my ways helpful.Yours,Li Hua典例2 （2018.安徽）某英文杂志社正面向九年级毕业生征文,请从以下要点中选择一至两个方面，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇题为“Thank You,My Teacher!”的短文参加此次活动。要点如下:1 .严格要求；2 .耐心指导；3 .热情鼓励；4 .注意:1 .词数80100;.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2 .文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称。审题RoleAudienc
33、eFormatTopic九年级毕业生“我”（确定人称）杂志社的读者，包括要感谢的老师（确定读者）征文（确定体裁及形式）表达对老师的感谢（确定时态 及要点一到两个具体事 例）参考范文Thank You,My Teacher!rd like to say thanks to my English teacher,Miss Li,because shes helped me a lot.Once,I failed my English exam.When she found I was very worried,she encouraged me to study harder and promis
34、ed to help me.After that,I turned to her for help every time I had questions.She was always patient to make me understand every single question.With her help,Ive had enough courage to face difficulties and made much progress in English.Thank you,my dear teacher!The love and support from you will be
35、with me forever.本文以九年级的毕业生“我”的口吻进行写作，将Miss Li的人称设定为第三人称单数sheo主题句与支撑句一、学会写文章的主题句和支撑句主题句是对全文的概括,是文章的主旨，它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛的作用。通常主题句出现在一 篇文章的开头，然后，下文再对主题句所提出的内容进行解释、扩展。写主题句应注意以下儿点：1 .主题句要醒目突出文章主题，使读者能够迅速地明确文章的主题；2 .主题句应支配文章结构,控制文章走向，使文章层次清楚，结构紧凑;3 .主题句应具有可读性，吸引读者。支撑句就是用来支持主题句的观点，围绕主题句展开的句子。因此支撑句必须要有意义，且要按照一
36、定的层次和逻辑展开。典例My mother does what she can do for me.First,she cooks three meals for me.The food she cooks is healthy and delicious.Whats more,she takes good care of my daily life,such as washing clothes and tidying up the room.Besides,she helps a lot in my study.She encourages me to read lots of great
37、 books which not only help me open up my eyes to the world but also make me grow as a person.Also,she is a good partner who I play sports with.What my mother does for me means that she is not just a mother but a teacher.本文的主题句为“My mother does what she can do for me.”,后面的内容都是围绕本句,结合具体的事 例按照一定的逻辑顺序展开。
38、为了使行文连贯，文中应用了 First,What9s more,Besides,Also等过渡连接词 一步步递进展开。二 学会找句子的主干与修饰语考生学会怎么找句子的主干和修饰语是非常重要的，这样写句子时就可以先抓住句子的主干，防止 出现多个主语或谓语的情况。例如：1 .我在打篮球时左腿受伤了。主干:左腿受伤了修饰:我在打篮球时译文：My left leg was hurt when I was playing basketball.2 .昨天下午我在一家超市购物时遇见了一位多年未见的老朋友。主干:我遇见了一位老朋友修饰:昨天下午;在一家超市购物时;多年未见的译文:While I was sh
39、opping in a supermarket yesterday afternoon,! met an old friend who I hadnt seen for many years.考生在写句子时，要先抓住主干局部，再处理修饰局部,最后再调整、润色，遵循“先主干,后修饰”的原 那么。适当拓展近几年安徽省中考英语书面表达所提供的要点信息都较为简练，但同时也指出“可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯”。这种灵活的命题方式既给了考生较大的发挥空间，又对考生提出了更高要求。写作时,如果考生仅翻译所给的信息点，那么文章会词数缺乏且显得单调乏味;如果考生信口开河，信马由缰，就会 详略不当，偏离主题。
40、此时，考生应该学会对题干所给内容进行适当的拓展，如描述一个具体的事件时，考 生可以从事件的起因、过程、结果、对事件的评价或观点以及给读者的建议等方面展开。典例（2016安徽）假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack来信,说他暑假期间要来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文,但是仍 然担忧用中文交流时会遇到困难。请你用英语给Jack写封回信，提几点建议，要点如下：1 .大胆自信；2 .放慢语速；3 .借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。注意:1,词数80100;.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2 .信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇:自信的confident肢体语言body
41、 languageDear Jack,How is everything going?I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer._Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua 参考范文Dear Jack,How is everything going?I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer.Its not necessary to worry about your Chinese.rd like to share
42、my ideas?which I think might help.First,be brave enough to speak Chinese when you communicate with others.It,s of great importance to be confident about yourself.We Chinese are very friendly so you neednt be afraid of making any mistakes.Second,it5s better to speak slowly and clearly.In this way you
43、 can make yourself understood more easily.Whats more,sometimes you can use drawings or pictures,and as you know,body language is alsowidely used across cultures and very often it really works.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua巧用高级词汇常用开头和结尾句式:普通词汇高级词汇progress 进步advancement,improvement,development,make progress
44、finish完成achieve,complete,bring to an endgrow增长improve,increase,raiselike喜欢;喜爱enjoy,admire,prefer,be fond of,be interested in,be crazy about,be pleased bymeet遇到come across,meet withuse使用make good/full use of,put sth.to good usevalue重视cherish,treasure,think/speak highly ofpay ones attention to 关注focus
45、 on,center on,concentrate onhave a chance to/of 有机会have an opportunity to/ofdecide to do sth.决定做某事determine to do sth./be determined to do sth.,make up ones mind to do sth.beautiful/pretty 迷人的，吸引 人的attractive,charming,appealing,fascinatingclever聪明的smart,bright,wise,intelligentdifficult困难的uneasy,hard
46、,challenginggood好的perfect,excellent,fantastic,outstandinghelpful有用的;有帮助的be of great help/value,beneficial,rewardinghonest老实的sincere,truthfulhopeful有希望的promisingimportant重要的significant,be of great importance/significancesad伤心的blue,cheerless,broken - hearted,unhappy,down,upset,in low spiritstired疲倦的;疲
47、劳的exhaustedfirstly 首先to begin/start with,first of all,above alllastly最后finally,last but not least,in the endsecondly 其次then,next,what9s more,in additionvery很;非常pretty,extremely,especially,particularly,more than一、开头常见表达1 .Long time no see.How is it/everything going?2.Im glad to hear from you.3 .Fve just learned that you are going to. 4.1 have something interesting to share with you.5 .How time flies! 6.Nowadays in China,.7Im sorry to learn/hear that. 8.As