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1、精品_精品资料_.动词不定式有两种被动式 , 即一般式和完成式 , 例如 do 的被动式有 to be done, to have been done .只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式.一般说来 , 当不定式的规律主语是不定式动作的承担者时 , 该不定式要用被动式.例如 :He asked to be sent to work in that factory.他要求派他去那个工厂工作.These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.这些书不许带出室外.但在某些情形下, 不定式虽然表示被动意思, 用的却是主动形
2、式.常见的有以下几种情形:一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义.1） have （ give, show ） sth. to do在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系. 例如 : I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与 things 是动宾关系 , 与 I 是主谓关系.否就 , 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式.试比较:Have you anything to do this afternoon.今日下午你有事要做吗.（to do 是由 you 发出的）Hav
3、e you anything to be taken to your parents.你有要带给你父母的东西吗. （谁带不得而知）再如 :Please get me something to read.请给我弄点读的材料.Hell show you the right path to take.他会给你指出要走的正确的路.2） It （ This, That ） be a an adj. n. to do在这种句型中 , 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系.动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构.例如 : This is a difficult question to answer.这是个难答的问题.-
4、可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_.question与 to answer为动宾关系.to answer可改为for me to answer.再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate.这个句子很简单翻译.3） There be n. to do在此句型中 , 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式 , 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同.用主动式作定语 , 重点在人 , 用被动式作定语, 重点在物.例如:没有时间可以耽搁.可译成:There is no time to lose（ to be lost ）. 用 to lose 可看
5、成 for us to lose;用 to be lost,谁 losttime 不明确.但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同:a. There is nothing to do now.（ We have nothing to do now.）现在没事干.b. There is nothing to be done.（ We can do nothing now.）现在没方法了.a. There is nothing to see.（ nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看.b. There is nothing to be seen.（ nothing there
6、at all）看不见什么东西.二、在某些 “形容词不定式”的结构中 , 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系.其句型有 :1） n. be adj. to doThe question was very difficult to answer.这问题很难回答.The job is very easy to do.这工作很简单做.2） n. be too adj. to do-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_.The thing is too small to see.这东西太小看不见.I was too excited to say a word.我兴奋得连
7、一句话也说不出.3） n. be adj. enough to doThe box is light enough to carry.这盒子轻得可带走. The book is cheap enough to buy.这本书很廉价可以买.但以下两句可用不定式的主动式, 也可用被动式:This plant is fit to eat to be eaten.这种植物可以食用.The cake is ready to eatto be eaten.这块饼可以吃了.三、某些动词 , 如 to let, to blame（批评） , to seek （查找）用主动式表被动意义.例如 :The hous
8、e is to let.这房子要出租.Who is to blame for it.这得怪谁 .The reason is not far to seek.这理由不难找到.练习 : 挑选填空.1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to .a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on2. Im hungry. Get me something .a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating3. It is difficult
9、for a foreigner Chinese.-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_.a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written4. I have no more letters , thank you.a. to type b. typingc. to be typed d. typed5. The car is rather difficult .a. to repair b. to be repairedc. repairing d. being repaired6. He was nowhere .a.
10、to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen7. She had no money a birthday present for their children.a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying8. We waited for the work .a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done答案 :1 5 bbbca 6 8 bad-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -.THANKS .致力为企业和个人供应合同协议,策划案方案书, 学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载