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1、校内本科班工程热力学复习题答案整理(计算题局部)1、一个体积为3m3的贮气罐内装有温度为47的氮气(其摩尔质量为0.028kg/mol)。贮气罐上的压力表读数为6 X 105 ,大气压P炉105 o求罐内氮气的质量。解:V = 3m3 T=47=320.15K p = pe + pa =7xl05p M=0.028kg/mol由pv=nRT R=8.31J/(mol K)代入得 n=叱=7xlx3 mi = 789.340/RT那么 m = n-M = 22.1kg2、某医院的急救室里有一个体积为0.2加3的氧气罐。罐内最初充满氧气,此时罐上压力表的读数为L5M%。使用20天后,人们发现罐上压
2、力表的读数已变为0.5刃%。设大气压 =0. IMPa ,罐内氧气的温度一直保持在方二27。C ,试估算该急救室一年(设为360天) 需要多少罐氧气?解:T=300. 15K V=0.2根=i.6MPa p2 =0.6MPa由pv二nRT 得 n, = 128.3/t?/ n? = 48.1 ImolRTRT那么平均每天使用的氧气为n =生二生=4.0095切。/20那么一年使用为 =1443.41molI n 需要的氧气罐数为a = = ll.3取12罐。3、蒸汽以72t/h的流量流经汽轮机,且其在汽轮机进、出口处的焙值分别为3450kJ/kg和2250kJ/kg。假设汽轮机与外界的换热量可
3、忽略不计,求汽轮机的功率。解:汽轮机的耗气率为d =2 = P 4一4那么汽轮机的功率为P = D仇 f 24000HV亦可如此解:换热量可忽略不计,可得能量方程:0 = hi-h + wtp =(3450 - 2250)x 72x1000/3600 = 24000好5R2M5x8.31452x0.032=649.6J /(kg.K)7R2M7x8.31452x0.032=909.44/(榕K)Rg = 259.841/(依.K) p = OAMp V = 0.08m3pV 105x0.087mi = 0.1版RgT 300x259.84p2V 246m2 =RgT i T 2选取容器为控制体
4、积,得能量方程:H12U2 一 mU一 hin min = 0T2 = 400KAm = m2-m = 0.5 kg几点说明:1)按老师的意思和个人判断,计算题第8题必考,有一题要考循环分析;制冷循环不考,第 6、 14、 282)所给解答,如有疑议,欢迎提出;3)仅供核电班班级内部交流,谢谢合作!祝大家考试顺利,核电班加油!4、解:假设水塔的进水温度刚好为4(TC,且输送过程稳定,选取管道作为控制体积,依开口系能量方程可得:Q=mgh + AH Wi所以6 = 7.98x107J/zn 7.98 xio7 cc)力P= 22AKkw36005、可逆定温: pv = RgTWt =一Wt =一
5、J 呐=-j= -RST In p 费=-259.8x 3201n 2=-115.25V / kg0.15可逆绝热:kRgTWt =k 11-P2k- k0.41-0.15 J= -141AlkJ/kg显然,可逆绝热消耗的的技术功大8、解:单级压缩:nRgTwc =n-_ 7ln -171.25x287x2980.250.25251.251 =386.4/依777 = 1-0- 7ln -1I )77 = 1-0- 7ln -1I )= l-0.02x 25L25-1 =75.7%7双级压缩:2nRgT 1WC =n-12x125x287x2980255125 -1 = 324.8V7(L A
6、 r) -T2-(y nn -1V. 7(L A r) -T2-(y nn -1V. 7= l-0.02x 5屈-1 =94.75%77/ = 7712 = 8978%10、由题意可知滞止参数为:pi=5xlO5 Ti=90Qkk = A Ver = 0.528 p2 = 3x05paper = piVer = 0.528x3xl05 =2.64xl()5pa v p2所以应选收缩喷管,此时出后界面的压强即为2k-0.4(n.Xf5xlO5YL =900 -=7778k(P2)(3x105 Jcf = J2cp (Tl 72)= J1 4x2872x . 04(900-777.8)= 495.
7、5m/s11、图略为=72 = 300攵p =4Mp2 = 2MpTi、P2Pj=-518.31n - = 359.3J l(kg.k)As/ = 0 sg = Ns = 359.3J / kg.k当进行可逆膨胀时:T = 300T2 = Tl、 pi吟F一丝二 300x2 13255JkWt =(T1 72 )= k 1x0.3(300-255.7)= 99.5V12在1小时内qi = q-Wnet = 1000-432 = 568AJ / kgAv = Sf, q + “ = 01000 432、” =一 Sr, q =一440 280 ;=0.730/(依%) 0,故此循环不可逆。“ A
8、 B 1000 300做功能力损失为/ =4Sg = 75V15、Q1 =Q2+Wnet=400+600= 1 OOOkJ rdQ lOQO 400J 五 一 - 320To = 800%6001000= 60%16、解:(1)忽略进口速度,那么得滞止参数Po=O.4MP,4= 500.15K,又% = 0.528那么得p“ = p。% =0.2112&0.15图凡故应选用缩放型喷管 出口截面上压力为P2 = P=。.15Mp过程绝热有 72 :)(旦% =377.9Kp0氮气:Cp = 1038.75V / kgcv = 741.96AJ / kgR, =c1= 296.79。/依贝lj出口
9、截面的气流速度为C/2 = J2(%-4)=72Cp4%)=503.96m/.y当地声速。=4=396.26m / sc那么马赫数欣/ =上=L27c17、q = h h2,= 3400-180 = 3220。/ kgWnet12503220= 38.82%Wnet =勿/Z2 = 3400 2150 = 1250V / kg18、(1) AS 2 =In _ Rg In 匡=84.03。/ kg0- TPi那么该绝热过程不可逆。(2)燧产鼠=ASf = 84.03V / kg,那么火用损失I=ToA5 = T0S25 .22kJ(3)火用损失与(与心,-叱)不相同,I9.8、1吸。A0.01
10、 = A/z = 0.3 x 0.01 = 0.003m3 pV i = mRTmT = 氐rn op2 = - + po = O.2Mpp2V2 = mgT用幽=处=竺磔纥0.006pi pi0.2z V2 0.006 八 , h = = 0.6/77A 0.01Q = AU+W = W = po(V2) + 2g/= 0.1xl()6 x(Q006 0.003) = 594。24设可逆压缩后温度为Tkp =QAMpT = 300Z pi pk-MpTi = 620%Tk = Ti( PiI”k-=579.2k卫二 579.2_300s% T2-T1620-300Wc,v = (T2-Ti)cp =(620-300)x1.004 = 321.28V/ pw RgTi = 2= 287x300=0 86面/依p O.lxlO6p = Wc,s 史=32128x510 = 3171 75左卬vi 0.861x6025、解: