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1、精品_精品资料_状语从句状语从句在句中作状语, 修饰主句中的动词、 形容词或副词等. 状语从句放在主句之前时, 常用逗号分开 ;放在主句之后,一般不用逗号.状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、缘由、的点、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较等9 种.1.时间状语从句时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间,主要由when ,while ,as ; before, after; till until; once, by the time, as soon as, no sooner . than 和 hardly . when 及名词词组 the moment 等引导.1) when “在的时候” ; w
2、hile“在期间” ; as “正值的时候”when 意为“在的时候” ,强调“特定时间” .When spring came, he felt like a trip.When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.说明：连词 when 在状语从句中仍有如下几种含义：表示突然发生的事,含义为“ 正在时突然 ”.I was just coming along to see you when I ran into Wilson.I had been working a couple of months when I had
3、 a letter from Jane.表示过早发生某事,意为“ 仍没就”.此含义有时可用before 代替.I hadnt been reading for half an hour when I heard steps outside.我刚读了不到半个小时就听到外面有脚步声.I had been there little more than a week when I set to work in earnest.表示“在的情形下” ,常可译为“虽然” ,“既然”,“假如”.She refuses help when although she has many friends. Why d
4、o you walk when since you have a car.How can I help them to understand when if they wont listen to me.后接虚拟结构,含义为“本可以,应当”.He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. They were playing when they could have been working.while 意为“在期间” ,从句用连续性动词,表时间的一段,而不是一点.While he was eating his breakfas
5、t, he heard the doorbell ring. We must strike while the iron is hot.说明：连词 while 在状语从句中仍有如下几种含义：意为“然而,但是” ,表示前后对比,说明两种情形相反Tom is very outgoing, while Jane is shy and quiet. Some people waste food while others haven t enough.意为“虽然,尽管” 多放句首 ,从句和主句主语多为同一人或物.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_While I understand wha
6、t you say, I can t agree with you.While forbidden fruit is said to taste sweeter, it usually spoils faster.虽然有人说禁果的味道更甜,但它腐烂得也更快.意为“只要” .参看 while 引导条件状语从句.as 意为“正值” ,强调同一时间里两个相继发生或变化的情形,或两个动作一前一后,有时有“随着”的含义.As he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. 强调同一时间As I was going out, it bega
7、n to rain. 强调两个动作先后发生As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom. as有“随着”的含义2) before“在之前”, after“在之后”强调大事的先后关系before 表示两件事的先后关系.主句为确定句,before 引导的从句动作后发生 ;主句为否认句, before 引导的从句动作先发生.I started my meal before he arrived. 从句动作后发生He didn t arrive before I returned. 从句动作先发生说明：在不同的结构中,连词befo
8、re 在状语从句中有如下几种含义.意为“ 之后才” ,此结构主句常用确定式,强调主句内容连续的颜色.It will be ten years before we meet again.要 10 年后我们才能再见面.It was evening before we reached that little town.黄昏时分我们才到达那个小镇.意为“不久就”,用“ .not long before ”这一结构,强调时间的短暂It won t be long before you regret. 不久你就会后悔的.It wasn t long before he told me about this
9、 affair.不久他就把这事告知我了.意为“不等 / 没有就”.从句常用确定形式. 有时从句用过去完成时,但仍表示主句的动作先发生.She offered me a cup of tea before I sat down.没等我坐下她就给我端上一杯茶.I left university before I d taken the final exams.我没有参与期末考就退学了.意为“刚没多久就”,“刚不到多少时向就” .主句常用否认的过去完成式,表示过早发生某事.句中的before 有时可用 when 代替.I hadnt waited long before he came. 我刚等候不
10、久他就来了. They had not been married a month before/when they quarreled. 他们刚结婚不到一个月就吵架了.after 引导状语从句,用于表示主句和从句两个动作的先后关系：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I found the letter long after he had gone away. After we had finished tea we all sat on the grass.为表示两个动作紧接着发生,从句可用过去时代替过去完成时：After she finished her work, she h
11、urried to the nursery to pick up her child. I told them the news after you left,3) till/until, since, once, by the timetill 与 until 常可换用.但 until 可用于句首, till 不能用于句首. till/until意为“直到”,用于主句为确定句的表连续的谓语动词,如 live ,last, stand, stay, wait, work 等时,表示主句的动作连续到从句所表达的动作发生为止,意为“始终到时”.He worked until it was dark
12、. 他始终工作到天黑.She stood there until he had passed out of sight. 她站在那儿直到再也看不见他.In British law the accused is presumed to be innocent until he is proved to be guilty. 在英国的法律中,被告的罪状在被证明之前他被推定是无罪的.说明：假设主句为确定句的非连续动词,只用before, 表示时间上“先于” .He applied three times before he was finally admitted to the university
13、. He made a mistake, but he corrected the situation before it got worse. till/until用于主句为否认句的表非连续的谓语动词,如begin, become, get up, reach, start等时, until 表达的一般是“主句动作的起点”意为“直到才” ,“在之前不”.He did not get up till his mother came in.直到母亲进来时他才起床.No man really becomes a fool until he stops asking questions. 人要是不再
14、发问,就会变得愚蠢.Do not start until I give the word.接到我的命令前不要动身.说明 : 主句为否认的非连续动词,until 与 before 均可使用,但含义略有区分：He didn t arrive until I returned.他直到我回来才到达.He didn t arrive before I returned. 在我回来之前他尚未到达.It was not until that 是“ not until ”的强调形式,不用倒装.It was not until he saw his mother that he realized how old
15、 she had become.直到观察母亲,他才意识到母亲已经变老了.It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.直到读了你的信,我才明白事实的真相.since 意为“自从以来” ,用于表示时间,要留意以下几点： since 从句后常用一般过去时, 通常为非连续性动词,表示主句 现在完成时或现在完成进行时动作的起始点：Electricity has been widely used since it was discovered.I have been looking
16、forward to meeting you ever since Martin told me.当主句用 it 表示“自从以来已经有多少时间”时,谓语动词常用一般现在时,有时也可用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_将来时. since 从句用过去时.It is three years since we entered the university.Next Tuesday it will be six years since I came to Shanghai.假设主句用现在完成时,since 从句中的动词为连续性动词或状态动词的一般过去时,就表示since 从句动作的完成或
17、终止.He has had several jobs since he was a student at Beijing University.自从北京高校毕业后,他已经干了好几种工作了. The house has been in bad repair since they lived in it. 自从他们搬出之后,这房子始终没有很好修理.假设主句也用现在完成时,since 从句中的动词是连续性动词或状态动词的现在完成时,表示 since 从句的动作或状态连续到说话时刻： She has seldom been out since she has been ill. 自从她得病以来很少出门
18、.I have often heard from him since he has lived in Shanghai.自从他入住上海以来,我常常听到他的消息.once 意为“一就”,“只要”,可以同时表时间和条件.Once you see her, you will find what I say is true.Once you understand the rule , you will have no further difficulty. Once a good beginning is made , the work is half done.by the time意为“到时”,后
19、接的句子用现在时,主句通常用将来完成时; 后接的句子用一般过去时,主句通常用过去完成时.By the time he arrives, we will already have left California. By the time he arrived, we had already left California.4) as soon as, instantly, immediately, directly, presently表示从句动作一发生,主句动作立即发生,通常译为“一就”.as soon as 最一般, instantly 语气最强, presently 最弱.As soon
20、as I finish the work, I ll go to see you.Immediately the button was pressed, the mine exploded. Directly I had done it , I knew I had made a mistake.5) no sooner . than和 hardly . when ,意为“刚就 ”表示“刚就”时,主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时. 假设把 no sooner, hardly 提到句首,主句须倒装.hardly 可换用成 scarcely,连词 when 可换用成 before .Th
21、e sun had no sooner started to shine than it was clouded over again.I had hardly sat down when he stepped in.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise. No sooner had she sat down than the phone rang.The day had scarcely broken before he got up to work.6) 用以下 tim
22、e 词组引导,表某一特定时刻发生或存在的情形: the first time,the last time, next time,every time,each time,any timeI thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. Every time I went to his house, he was out.Next time I see you, I will show you my new dress.说明： the first time = when.for the first time.I thought her
23、 nice and honest when I met her for the first time.7) 用以下名词词组转化成时间连词引导从句,表示两个动作紧接着发生, 可译为“一就”：the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, the day, the month, the week, the year, the morning, the afternoonShe came to the scene the moment she heard the news. I recognized her the instant I saw her
24、.The day her husband died ,she gave birth to a son.高中时间状语从句练习题一1. I learnt her hard-working and kindI got to know her in the bookstore.A. first timeB. for the first timeC. the first timeD. by the first time2. It was nothe took off his dark glassI realise who he was.A. when; thatB. until; whenC. when
25、; thenD. until; that3. It was 19 yearsMandela, the former president of South Africa, was set free from prison.A. beforeB. sinceC. untilD. that4. had the bell rungthe students took their seats.A. Hardly; whenB. No sooner; whenC. Hardly; thanD. No sooner; then 5.We walked along the beach for nearly th
26、ree hourswe saw a boat on the sea.A. whenB. beforeC. unlessD. as6. The two brothers quarreled and quarreledthey felt sleepy and went to bed.A. whenB. beforeC. unlessD. until7. It was quite a long timeI made it out what had happened.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. since8. We sent the injured to the First-
27、aid Centrethe accident happened.A. immediatelyB. hurriedlyC. quicklyD. shortly9. It seemed only secondsthe boy finished washing his face.A. whenB. beforeC. afterD. even if可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_10. Hardly had he reached the school gatethe bell rang.A. whileB. whenC. asD. as soon as11. I recognized
28、youI saw you at the airport.A. the momentB. whileC. afterD. once12. He was about to go to bedthe doorbell rang.A. whileB. asC. beforeD. when13. I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.A. Every timeB. WhenC. WhileD. Until14. The children ran away from the orchardthey saw the guard.A. the momentB.
29、 afterC. beforeD. as15. No sooner had I arrived homeit began to rain.A. whenB. whileC. asD. than16. Several weeks had gone byI realized the painting was missing. A . asB. beforeC. sinceD. when17. He will have learned English for eight years by the time hefrom the university next year.A. will graduat
30、eB. will have graduatedC. graduatesD. is to graduate18. It is said that an American starts a speech with a joke,a Japanese seldom.A. asB whenC thoughD while19. They kept tryingthey must have known it was hopeless.A. IfB becauseC whenD where20. Itlong before wethe result of the experiment.A. will not
31、 be; will knowB. is; will knowC. will not be ; knowD. is; know21. What was the party like.-Wonderful.It s yearsI enjoyed myself so much.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. since22. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she.A. will arriveB. arrivesC. is going to arriveD. is arrivin
32、g23. got into the roomthe telephone rang.A. He hardly had; thenB. Hardly had he; whenC. He had not; thenD. Not had he; when24. No sooner had he finished his talkhe was surrounded by the workers.A. asB. thenC. thanD. when25. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especiallyfather was away i
33、n France.A. asB. thatC. duringD. if26. I rememberthis used to be a quiet village.A. whenB. howC. whereD. what可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_II. Fill in the blanks with proper conjunctions.1. she got the pay, she put it away in the bank.2. I was wandering through the streetI caught sight of a tailorshosp.可编
34、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. He was drinking juicethe rest of us drank whisky.4.you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.5. We walked along the seaside about two hours6. The sailor stayed on the lonely islandwe came to a fisherman svillage.a ship passed there and saved him
35、.7. It was eight yearsthe Chinese people drove off the Japanese aggressors.1-15:CDAABDBABBADAAD16-26:BCDCCDBBCAAAs soon aswhenwhileWhen beforeuntilbefore1. last week, she lived a quiet and happy life in that area.A. Not until the earth-moving machines cameB. The earth-moving machines cameC. Until th
36、e earth-moving machines cameD. Then came the earth-moving machines2. when has the country been open to international trade. 1978, I suppose.A. SinceB. InC. FromD. After3. No sooner had rescue forces reached the disaster areathey got down to saving those buried beneath the debris.A. whenB. thenC. tha
37、nD. until4. You see the lightningit happens, but you hear the thunder later.A. the instantB. for an instantC. on the instantD. in the instant5. they visited the Science Museum, they showed great interest in everything they saw.A. The first timeB. For the first timeC. At firstD. At the first time6. How long do you think it will bewe can find a new water source.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. D. since7. We were beginning to discusssuddenly a great earthquake happened.A. whenB. whileC. untilB. beforeC. A. C. A. A. B. A可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载