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1、2023年高考英语复习讲练测第11讲阅读理解细节理解题（）时间：45分钟总分值：50分阅读理解（每题2分，共50分）A（2021 .天津.高考真题）Job for You!Family Alliance Meal DeliveryFamily Alliance is looking for people who can deliver hot Chinese meals one to two times aweek for people with disabilities in north suburban Fairfield County.All applicants must have a
2、 drivers license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery.Working hours: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Tuesdays and FridaysFor more information, contact Charles Chen at Or call 740-6668988Lancaster WeeklyWould you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home? If so we have a vacancy i
3、n our team which would suit you.Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper. You may I have to cover some distance. Bicycles are available if needed. Working hours: 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturdays For more informationCall 740-6538360Lancaster DesignWe provide full furnishin
4、gs, like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of people who were oncehomeless.We need people who can work at our warehouse （仓 库）sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill
5、set.Interested? Submit your application to Or call 740-6119735Parkview Nursing HomeCaregivers are wanted. We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have experience and interest in working with older adults.As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and acco
6、mmodation is available if required.For more details, visit us at Unit 3 Park View Lane Or contact Ellen White at 740-69683991. Which job requires a drivers license?A. Delivering meals.B. Delivering newspapers.C Working at the warehouse.D. Working at the nursing home.2. Which of the following is TRUE
7、 about the Lancaster Design job?A. Applicants are expected to design furniture.B. Work is arranged according to ones skill set.C. It involves collecting furniture from homes.D. It favors applicants who are homeless.3 . A middle-school student is most likely to be hired by.A. Family Alliance Meal Del
8、iveryLancaster DesignC Lancaster WeeklyD. Parkview Nursing Home4. Which number should you call if you want to work with the elderly?A. 740-6668988.B. 740-6119735.C. 740-6538360.D. 740-6968399.B（2021 浙江高考真题）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predict
9、ions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activ
10、ity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working h
11、ours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities （机 会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost oppo
12、rtunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good，quickly followed by Fm hungry11. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my sons day comes out.
13、 I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes （路线）,with days ofregular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It ca
14、n be tough to begin and takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but its certainly worth trying.5. Why does the author mention Watkins* predictions in the first paragraph?A. To make comparisons.B. To introduc
15、e the topic.C. To support her argument.D. To provide examples.6. What has caused the decrease in Australian childrens physical activity?A.Plain laziness.B.Health problems.C.Lack of time.D.Security concerns.7. Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?A.She can get relaxed afterwork.B.
16、She can keep physicallyfit.C.She can help with her sonsstudy.D.She can know her son better.C（2021浙江高考真题）More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural （农村）India. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old de
17、cided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage （孤JL院）.There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.As he writes in
18、his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldnt help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn*t know his towns name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching
19、 for his hometown in the programs satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a towns central business district from a birds-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train stationand there it was.
20、 And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountainH-and there it was. Everything just started to match.When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. Theres something about me, he thought-and it took him a few seconds but he finally rem
21、embered what she used to look like.In an interview Brierley says, HMy mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like a nuclear fusion （核聚变）.I just didn*t know
22、what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.8. Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago?A. He got on a train by mistake.B. He got lost while playing in the street.C. He was taken away by a foreigner.D. He wa
23、s adopted by an Australian family.9. How did Brierley find his hometown?A. By analyzing old pictures.B. By travelling all around India.C. By studying digital maps.D. By spreading his story via his book.10. What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview?A. His love for his mother.B. His reunio
24、n with his mother.C. His long way back home.D. His memory of his hometown.D（2012四川高考真题）In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.Be
25、ginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses,“ Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announ
26、ce the plan.MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people w
27、ho complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard a
28、nd MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.“Fasten your seatbelts J Hockfield said.Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie-Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.The Harvard-MIT program will
29、 be monitored by a not-for-profit （非盈利的）organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are mo
30、st successful.11. According to this text, edX is.A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWarea free computer program by MIT and HarvardB. a Harvard-MIT platform of free online coursesa free program online for universities worldwide12. What is said about online education in the text?A. Universities have
31、been trying online courses.B About 2,000 online courses have been offered.C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online.D. Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX.13. The underlined part in the text probably means “A , Get ready for the difficultiesB , Get ready for this edu
32、cational changeGet prepared to complete the online coursesC. Get prepared to make materials for the edX coursesWhat can be said about MITx according to the text?A. It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.B. It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.C. It is a standard to
33、 recognize online learners5 achievement.D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.E（2014/胡匕高考真题）Londons newest skyscraper （摩天大楼）is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has
34、completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire （尖顶） He wanted the
35、 glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building arent regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a grea
36、t London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts （桅杆）of the ships that were once on the river Thames.The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. T
37、here will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices.Before building work began, a lot of people didnt want the Shard though the plans were approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York, but not i
38、n London. They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys the beauty of the city.Other critics dont like what
39、the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London. So the Shard seems a symbol of the
40、division in society between the very rich and the poor.The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.14. Londons newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of.A. its costits sizeC its sh
41、apeD. its height15. When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it toA. change Londons skylineB , inherit Londons traditionC , imitate the Egyptian styleD. attract potential visitorsThe critics who refer to social division think the Shard.A. is only preferred by the richB is intended for wealthy people
42、C. is far away from the poor areais popular only with Londoners18 . Which would be the best title for the passage?A. The Shard: Cheers and ClapsThe Shard: Work of a Great ArchitectB. The Shard: New Symbol of London?C. The Shard: A Change for the Better?F（2012北京高考真题）Decision-making under StressA new
43、review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative （负面的）consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predic
44、table ways.“Stress affects how people learn J says Professor Mara Mather. People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images（影像）with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the parti
45、cipants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished mater
46、ial less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress -at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings fu
47、rther suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to foc
48、us on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that event