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1、2022年曲阜师范大学杏坛学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【填句补文】“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what/s going on with the elements/ says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge.A、An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table （元素周期表）to make chemistry simpler to teach to students.B、 The tradit
2、ional periodic table was well drawn.C、“I imagine contour lines would be good for undergraduates/D、But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.【正确答案】c【答案解析】这一段是剑桥大学的Albert Galy的原话，我们可以从引导整个关键 点得出答案。即：地学化学家们只想通过直觉判断元素的活动。我想等高线对 学生们有好处第2题【单项选择题】2009.
3、04 Dont trust everything you have read in the newspapers.A、whichB、 thatC、asD、what【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查定语从句。译文：不要相信你在报纸上读到的每件事。定 语从句所修饰的先行词是不定代词everything,应选B。B、If you ale feeling down, you normally dont sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.C、 However, it will probably still be noticed, and people w
4、ill know youre not pleased.Dlf you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this. 【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题可以采用线索词来定位。空格处的前后两个句子都是对arms 在具体情况下具体动作的描述。那么用以补充的句子也应是如此，即选项A开朗 的人和沉默寡言的人手臂的动作，符合条件。第19题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high sc
5、hool students did. by carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen.A、The stock market had its worst losses everB、Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its ligh
6、t and heatC、So experts are regularly asked to predict accuratelyD The article was written in 1958【正确答案】c【答案解析】第一句说的是：预测未来很重要，不能像中学生那样猜想。这一空 的关键词是experts,他们不同于中学生，他们的预测应该是较为准确的。第20题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】 Many researchers, whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels （分贝）
7、.They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the10 future?A、 They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B、 They will protect animals from harm
8、ful noises.C、 They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D、 They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.【正确答案】B【答案解析】They will protect animals from harmful noises.本段的最后一句话是 答案的出处。第21题【单项选择题】【概括大意】 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its a
9、ncestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is st川 often found in modern stories.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Science Fiction is a Fairly New Development in LiteratureB、Origi
10、ns of Science FictionC、The Theme of Science FictionD、Science Fiction Has a Short History【正确答案】B【答案解析】从第一段话可以看出这段文字介绍了科普小说的起源。因此选择Bo第22题【单项选择题】【2009.7 The house was quiet in the night,the occasional coughing from my throat.A、as forB、such asC、instead ofD except for11【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查短语意义区分。译文：除了偶尔我咳嗽一
11、下以外，这所房 子在夜晚非常安静。A至于，关于；B例如；C代替,而不是；D除了.以 外第23题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its Value therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they diff
12、ered markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an
13、early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education. It was once believed, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence.A、born to be more intelligent or less i
14、ntelligentB、taught to be more intelligentC、that intelligence was something a baby was born withD and because of the lack of communication with his classmates【正确答案】c【答案解析】空格处需要真正的主语（It是形式主语），因此根据语法结构判断C 是答案。该句大意是人们曾经一度相信，智力是一个孩子天生所具有的，因为 我们可以根据他/她的智力水平判断他/她在将来是否会取得成功。第24题【单项选择题】2009.10 There are many
15、 sales this season, during which stores will lower their prices.A、normal12B、generalC ordinaryD、usual【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查形容词辨析。整句话的意思为:这个季节有很多促销活动， 在此期间商店都会降低商品的原价。A正常的、平常的B普通的、一般的C普 通的 D寻常的、通常的第25题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass. A piece of lodest
16、one （天然磁石）would be cut into the shape of a ladle （长 柄勺）.Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the lodestone would move round until the handle of the ladle pointed south while the bulk （主体）of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This interestingly shaped device is mentioned in a book f
17、rom about 80. Other ancient books may have dated it as far back as the fourth century Jade （玉石）finders played an important role in the invention of the ladle. They travelled great distances to look for jade. In order not to lose directions, they would take a ladle with them.When did the Chinese inve
18、nt the compass?A、In 1492.B In the thirteen century A.D.C、In A.D. 80.D、At least 2000 years ago.【正确答案】D【答案解析】 本段中 Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass.直接告诉我们中国创造指南针的时间。第26题【单项选择题】The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia,it is not tech
19、nically legal there.13A、ifB、otherwiseC、althoughD、unless【正确答案】c【答案解析】本句的意思是“虽然荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家，但是安乐 死在荷兰严格说来并不合法，所以应该填although。第27题【单项选择题】2009.01 You should help them when your friends quarrel with each other.A、come into sightB、come to termsC、come into playD、come to power【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查短语的习惯用法。句意：当你
20、的朋友吵架时，你应当帮助 他们协调一下。come into或come to都表示进入（某种状态）。A映入眼帘； B.达成协议，妥协；C开始运作；D.上台，开始掌权。第28题【单项选择题】阅读选择In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.Which may NOT be a reason for hi
21、gher cancer death rates among US blacks?A、Unequal access to medical care.B、 Greater probability of having other diseases.C、Differences in the biology of the cancer.D、 Early diagnosis.【正确答案】D14【答案解析】本段指出 blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, 与D项内容是相反的，因此选D。第29题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Good
22、news for chocoholics： the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of California. Chocolate contains substances called flavonoids（类黄酮）that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation. The researchers have discovere
23、d that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body： these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation?A、It reduces pain and stress.B、It contains substances called
24、 flavonoids.C、 It releases endorphins in human body.D It acts like aspirin to protect heart.【正确答案】B【答案解析】因果关系词信号词。但凡注释中文的地方可能是答案区域。第30题【单项选择题】阅读选择War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territ
25、oriality （守卫地盘的天性）are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate （天生的） survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other ha
26、nd, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence h
27、as a social function: It is a strategy for15 creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical （道德上 的）patterns within which human violence has been directed. Human violence shows ev
28、idence of being a learned behavior in that.A、it threatens the existing social systemsB、it is influenced by societyC、it has roots in religious conflictsD、it is directed against institutions of law【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段指出了人类暴力的两个特性，其中第二个特性是a learned behavior。可以知道此题的答案应该就在本段的后面局部。接下来的第二句话即 说人类暴力的诸多表现形式都受社会习惯的
29、制约：The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior,将其定型为侵略性行为。第31题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earths surface is covered with w
30、ater. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs （冰山）and glaciers （冰I） . Even wo
31、rse, some of it has been polluted.What percentage of the earths water can man actually use at present?A、Nearly 75 per cent.B、About 97 per cent.C Exactly 3 per cent.D、Less than 3 percent.【正确答案】D【答案解析】根据本段得知，地球上只有3%的水适于人类饮用，然而局部以冰16山或冰川的形式存在，还有的被污染，因而实际上人类能用的水要低于3%。第32题【单项选择题】2010.04)What her grandfat
32、her said left a impression on her mind. She stillremembers it.A、finalB、 vagueC、 deepD、main【正确答案】c【答案解析】译文：她爷爷说的事情给她留下深刻的印象，她仍然还记得。此题 考查词汇。形容词意义区分题。final最终的，vague模糊的，deep深的，main 主要的。第33题【单项选择题】2008,04 It has been found that a strong help overcome the effects of distraction.A、interruptionB、motivationC
33、、evaluationD、destination【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查名词词义区分。A.打搅、中；断 B.动机、诱因；C. 评估、评价；D.目的地、终点。整句话的意思是：人们发现一个很强的动机 可以帮助克服干扰物的影响。第34题【单项选择题】, what could we do?17A、Should it rain tomorrowB、Tomorrow it should rainC、If it rains tomorrowD、If it will rain tomorrow【正确答案】A【答案解析】A项是对将来的假设。对将来的假设可以用should+动词原形的形 式。Should
34、 it rain tomorrow=if it should rain tomorrow.第35题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the da
35、rk of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the bodys clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?A、Our
36、 biological clock resets itself automatically.B、Light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.C、 Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.D Our internal clock, like the alarm clock, can be reset.【正确答案】c【答案解析】是非判断题，根据第五自然段首句But just like （和.一样）your alarm
37、clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.代词 it 指代 biological clock,不是选项internal dock和alarm clock都可以自动调节。得到答案为C。A D 我们的生物钟自动调节。B光线通过我们的眼睛调节生物钟，与原文一致。第36题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The author says that interpersonal
38、 relations should be taught as a18required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. , That is at least as important as how much we know.A、Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.B、 He keeps looking over the
39、 other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.C、Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.D、In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.【正确答案】D【答案
40、解析】后句中的代词we在D中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观 点句是通常论述文的开展特点，因此判断D正确。第37题【单项选择题】He bought a house for his children.A、lived inB、to live inC、livedD、to live【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题属于动词不定式复合结构做后置定语。in不可省略。句意：他 买了一套房子给孩子们住。第38题【单项选择题】【概括大意】 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but
41、 its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still o代en found in modern stories.The main idea of this19第3题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The riches of the sea yet to be developed by mans techn
42、ology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.According to the author, technology is important because.A、resources on land are running short in ten yearsB、man can use it to exp
43、lore the deeper seaC、it is a lot of fun diving into the seaD、ancient people used it to explore the sea【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段第一句作者提到The riches of the sea yet to be developed by mans technology are impressive,人类利用技术可以开发的海洋资源是惊人的。 段末说至U： Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the
44、 ocean floor.然而，大量有价值的矿物均还埋藏于海底。如铁，铜等等。其他三 项都没有提到。第4题【单项选择题】【完成句子】As the sunflowers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top.
45、 By summer/s end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.When autumn comes, children can.A、seed lots of sunflowersB、play games in the sunflower houseC、include plants with animal namesD、find their own playing section【正确答案】B【答案解析】段落最后一句是答案的出处，By summers end夏天结束的时候实 际上就是When autumn comes“秋天来临的时候”。
46、答案选择B。2paragraph is.A、Science Fiction is a Fairly New Development in LiteratureB、Origins of Science FictionC、The Theme of Science FictionD、Science Fiction Has a Short History【正确答案】B【答案解析】从第一段话可以看出这段文字介绍了科普小说的起源。因此选择Bo第39题【单项选择题】2009.7 He would that all the classified data should be kept safe when in
47、office.A、assureB、 ensureC、insureD、secure【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查动词意义区分。【译文】他保证在办公室里的所有机密数 据处于平安状态。【详细解答】A使确信，使有信心；B确保（某事）发生，担 保；C为投保，给保险；D平安的，没有危险的第40题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience （伪科学）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeti
48、ng at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be.A、a member of the National Academy of ScienceB、a pseudo-scientist20C、a science populariserD、a reporter【正确答案】B【答案解析】从这段文字中，我们可以了解到作者认为，Sagan与伪科学作斗争 的一个实例就是Sa