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1、型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点7.推理判断之目的和意图.讲考点!有成竹【2022年目的和意图考点归纳】、点 题扪、推理判断之目的和意图阅读理解2022试卷类型设问考占 p，、2022.新高考I卷阅读 B24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?目的和意图20212021.英语全国甲卷C M 30.10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank w
2、hen he returned to London?目的和意图2021.全国高考乙卷C 篇 29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?目的和意图2021 .全国新高考ID 篇 33. Why does the author mention doctor and “cheater in paragraph 2?目的和意图2021 .全国新高考II卷D 篇 34. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?目的和意图20202020.全国新高考I 山
3、东卷C 篇 31 . What is the purpose of this text?目的和意图【2023年高考命题预测】推理判断之目的和意图考点是高考中的必考点。一篇发表的文章总有其作者的写作目的和用意，他一 定是为了说明和阐述一个观点或说服读者同意某个立场或观点。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度 上看问题，把自己当成读者。预测在2023高考中，目的和意图会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之目的和意图考点指南】规律方法：常见的设问方式：What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?The purpose of the
4、 text is to get more people to.The writer of the story wants to tell us thatThe fact. is mentioned by the author to show.The author writers the last paragraph in order to写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作 者一般不直接说明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来
5、推断出作者 的写作意图。考例分析：1.B【2022新高考I卷】Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula （芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as
6、days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, food waste goes against the moral grain J as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story. Itjaw
7、-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away - from ugly” （but quite eatable） vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food wa
8、ste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the ti
9、me - but for him, its more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished
10、 （有 瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just dont think. Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more fo
11、od than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat J Curtin says.4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables
12、than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.【答案】4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席 执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。4. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.（像我们 大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物厂及“Bui as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unth
13、inkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.（但随着时间的推移，芝麻 菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉）”可推知，作者想通 过讲述芝麻菜的故事来说明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。应选Bo2. C【2020.全国新高考I山东卷】In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physical
14、ly broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire
15、in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow diying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-o
16、ld who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonde
17、rs, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral（葬礼）followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bisse
18、ll skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book,
19、 or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.11. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book.B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.C. To remember a writer.D. To recommend a travel destination.【答案】IL A【解析
20、】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了 Bissell写的追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵这本书。这本书是 Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。11.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的 书追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文 的写作目的是介绍一本书。应选A。【试题精练】.【浙江省镇海中学2021-2022学年高三月考】Elena Yi dreamed of pursuing piano performance in college, never mindin
21、g that her fingers could barely reach the length of an octave （八度音阶）.Unable to fully play many works by Romantic-era composers including Beethoven and Brahms, she tried anyway- and in her determination to spend hours practicing a Chopin concerto, wound up injuring herself.The efforts of Professor Ca
22、rol Leone from the Southern Methodist University （SMU） are changing all that: twenty years ago, the school became the first major university in the U.S. to introduce smaller keyboards into its music program, leveling the playing field for Yi and other piano majors.Yi, 21, tried one of the smaller ke
23、yboards, I remember being really excited, because my hands could actually reach and play all the right notes/ she said.For decades, few questioned the size of the traditional piano. For those with small hand spans （掌总巨），itsdifficult to properly play many works of Beethoven and Brahms. Those who atte
24、mpt to play them either get used to skipping notes or risk injury with repeated play. Leone is familiar with such challenges. Born into a family of musicians, she favored classical music and pursued piano despite her small hand span, and earned a degree as a doctor in musical arts.The idea of smalle
25、r keyboards first met resistance from some traditionalists. Leone also said that when she raised the issue with one Viennese professor, he told her there were already too many pianists anyway.Though such resistance is fading, there are some very traditional people who think of piano as a competitive
26、 thing. Leone said, “This is art, not sport. Its about making as much beautiful art as possible, and we should give everybody the opportunity to do that. What is paragraph 4 intended to do?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Add some background information.C. Introduce a new topic for discussion
27、.D. Provide some advice for pianists.【答案】2. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了给钢琴专业的学生提供公平的竞争环境，一位教授引入了 更小的钢琴琴键，文章介绍了不同的人对此的不同看法和态度。2.推理判断题。根据第四段For decades, few questioned the size of the traditional piano. For those with small hand spans, its difficult to properly play many works of Beethoven and Brahms. Thos
28、e who attempt to play them either get used to skipping notes or risk injury with repeated play. Leone is familiar with such challenges. Born into a family of musicians, she favored classical music and pursued piano despite her small hand span, and earned a degree as a doctor in musical arts. （几十年来，很
29、少有人质疑传统钢琴的尺寸。对于那些手跨度较小的人 来说，很难正确演奏贝多芬和勃拉姆斯的许多作品。那些试图演奏它们的人要么习惯于跳过音符，要么冒 着反复演奏而受伤的风险。塞拉利昂熟悉这些挑战。她出生于一个音乐世家，喜欢古典音乐，尽管手的跨 度很小，但她还是喜欢钢琴，并获得了音乐艺术博士学位。）可知，第四段的目的是添加一些关于（手跨 度小，难以完成曲目）背景信息。应选B。2.【江苏省徐州市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中抽测】If youve seen the timeless childhood classic The Lion King,you should recall Simba an
30、d Nalas adventure past the Pride Lands and into the forbidden elephant graveyard.This strange and mysterious place, piled with elephant bones,is only a myth.However,all myths are steeped in truth.Are they not?According to fairy tale, this is a mythical place where older or ill elephants instinctivel
31、y go in anticipation of their death-alone, far from the elephant groups and not slowing down the progress of those that remain behind. Yet, is there any chance that one of these secret places could be real? No one has ever found one, but according to some experts on elephant behaviour, its not unthi
32、nkable that such a place could exist. Realistically, elephants could die massively in one place for any number of reasons. Natural disasters such as lightning strikes,localized flooding,or food（water） - shortages drive starving elephants to gather in places where finding food is easier. These animal
33、s are already fragile and many of them may die in the same area.But, does that mean that the conscious practice of elephant graveyards by the animals is purely mythical?Perhaps not. Researchers from the UK have recently proved that elephants show strong interest and emotion if they come across the r
34、emains of other elephants. Their behavior suggests that they recognize their most close relatives. Whole families can spend hours or even days attending the bones of a herd member.Few species other than humans demonstrate the same type of awareness in death of their own kind. Chimpanzees have been k
35、nown to obey certain rituals（仪式）around their dead and will only abandon a body of a relative once it begins to decompose. Lions have also been known to show emotions to dead family members by sniffing or licking the body prior to devouring（吞食）it. This idea lends another origin of the elephant gravey
36、ard: a place where elephants gather to mourn the bones of their dead.8. The author mentions The Lion King in the beginning to A. introduce the topicB , provide examplesC. recall childhood memoriesrecommend a film11. What does the author want to prove by the examples of chimpanzees and lions?A. They
37、are aware of death. B , They follow some rituals. C. They recognize their relatives. D. They are interested in the remains.【答案】8. All. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要从讨论大象神秘地带开始，引入了对于动物是否意识到死亡这个问题 的探讨。8.推理判断题。根据第一段“This strange and mysterious place, piled with elephant bones, is only a myth. However, all myths ar
38、e steeped in truth. Are they not?（这个堆积着许多大象骨的奇怪和神秘的地方仅仅是一 个神话。然而,所有的神话都是真的。它们不是吗？）”以及第二段“According to fairy tale, this is a mythical place where older or ill elephants instinctively go in anticipation of their death-alone, far from the elephant groups and not slowing down the progress of those that
39、remain behind.（根据神话故事，这里有一个神秘的地带，在这 里年长或生病的大象本能地单独去面对它们的死亡，远离其他象群并没有减缓那些后面的大象的前进厂可 知，介绍狮子王这部电影主要是介绍作品出现的神秘地带，进而引发相关的讨论，可见目的是引入话题。 应选Ao11.推理判断题。根据最后段“Few species other than humans demonstrate the same type of awareness in death of their own kind.（除了人类以外，很少有其他物种在自己同类的死亡中表现出同样的意识广以及接下来对黑 猩猩和狮子的描述可知，举例就
40、是为了论证动物能意识到死亡。应选A。3.【河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三摸底】Researchers have been looking into silicon carbide（碳化硅）,a promising alternative material for the semiconductor（半导体）industry,for several years now. Size,weight and efficiency are three important factors for power electronic to fit in e-cars. Silion carbide m
41、eets all three factors. It is more efficient but leaves a smaller footprint than conventional semiconductors such as silicon.Even so, silicon carbide isnt to be found in any e-cars on the road today. This semiconductor material is still limited to research labs. To shift it from the lab to the facto
42、ry, the Si on Carbide Module（模块）project has taken into consideration all the conditions of industrial production. The modules design is a good case: researchers at the Fraunhofer IZM are basing it on the structure of the classic printed circuit board that the industry has long favored. This should s
43、peed up its first display.The module is also benefiting from the latest scientific advances. Instead of wire-bonding the semiconductor to the package, the researchers decided to put it directly in the circuit. The team also brought the potential customer on board for this development effort. In the
44、project5s first year,they drew up a specification（规格）sheet illustrating the requirements for the module and semiconductor. The researchers worked closely with users, catering to their wishes when they determined the product specification.Automakers, component suppliers and OEMS were directly involve
45、d in the effort to map out the power-electronic modules size, layout and electrical circuits. The group sought to make the most of the space available in the vehicles power train. Lars Bottcher, group leader at the Fraunhofer IZM and head of the SiC sub-project, saysJThe major goal is to advance the
46、 new semiconductor material silicon carbide to mass production.14. What was the main purpose of the group according to the last paragraph?A. To mass-produce silicon carbide.B. To change the shape of the module.C , To increase the volume of the module.D. To expand the production of powered vehicles.【
47、答案】14. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新型的硅碳化合物用于传统的半导体产业的相关情况。14 .细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句Lars Bottcher,group leader at the Fraunhofer IZM and head of the SiC sub-project,says,nThe major goal is to advance the new semiconductor material silicon carbide to mass production.,r, （Fraunhofer IZM的组长、碳化硅子工程负责人Lars Bottcher说:“主
48、要目标是将新型半导体材 料碳化硅推向量产。可知，这个团队的主要目的是想量产碳化硅。应选A项。4.【2022届江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】From Alton Towers to Legoland, our experts pick their favorite British theme parks, highlighting the best roller coasters, character-led attractions, and animal safaris （狩猎旅行）.Drayton ManorThe Staffordshire theme
49、park includes rides for all ages but stands out for having hit on a winning formula for young families with its expanding Thomas Land section. The 286-acre site is set in woodlands but the main village is enough for little legs to explore, making it well suited to pre-and primary school children.Paultons Family Theme ParkOn