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1、2022届安徽省合肥市第六中学高三上学期开学考试英语试题考试时间：120分钟试卷分值：150分第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，总分值7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman think of foreign films?A. Boring.B. Wonderful.C. Interesting.【答案】A【解析】【原文】
2、M: Do you often watch foreign films?W: No. I dont think theyre interesting.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why is the mans wife angry with him?A. Because the man is too lazy.B. Because the man often comes home late.C. Because the man doesnt like doing housework.【答案】B【解析】【原文 1 W: Hows your wife these days?M: We
3、ll I dont know. She is always quarrelling with me.W: Why is she angry with you?M: Maybe I often come home late.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How much did the woman ask the man for?A. $50.B. $100.C. $200.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Can you lend me 50 dollars?W: I won9t lend you a coin. I asked you fbr 100 dollars two wee
4、ks ago, and you said no! destroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel thats too much of a risk to take.28. Why did the author mention NASA, the United Arab Emirates, SpaceX and Mars One?A. To stress the risk of dying out on Earth.B. To provide evidence for Haw
5、kings theory.C. To show growing intention of moving to Mars.D. To explain the advanced technology in astronomy.29. What can we learn from the passage?A. Civilization is difficult to maintain on Earth.B. It is costly and risky to colonize Mars.C. Poverty is the most urgent problem to handle.D. All th
6、e time and money should be spent on Earth.30. What does the underlined word uninhabited“ mean in the last paragraph?A. Not fit to live on.B. Not steady to keep.C. Not easy to approach.D. Not safe to set foot on.31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Mars, Our Future PlanetM
7、oving to A New PlanetB. Should We Colonize Mars?C. Stay Home or Outer Space?【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了我们是否应该移民去火星的问题，并阐述了支持 和反对两种观点。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句 Mars is one of the most attractive destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organ
8、ization Mars One all have plans to send humans there./ 火星是最吸引人的目的地之一。美国宇航局、阿拉伯联合酋长国、 私营公司SpaceX和火星一号组织都方案将人类送往那里。）可知，美国宇航局、阿拉伯联 合酋长国、私营公司SpaceX和火星一号组织都方案将人类送往火星，由此可知，作者提到 美国宇航局、阿拉伯联合酋长国、SpaceX和火星一号是为了说明不断增长的移民火星的意 图。应选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句 But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other
9、 planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that its just too expensive or dangerous（但并非所有人都同意在火星或任何其他星球殖民是一个伟大的方案。反对 移民的最常见的理由是太贵或太危险。）可知，移民去火星是昂贵的和危险的，由此可知， 我们能从这篇文章中得知移民火星既昂贵又危险。应选B项。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线单词后句Ubut it could possibly host micro-organism like，z 但它可能 会有像微生物这类东西
10、居住）可知，后文提到了火星上可能会有像微生物这类有生命的物体 存在，结合转折连词but”可知，Mars seems uninhabited指的是“火星似乎无人居住， uuninhabitedz/表示“无人居住，Not fit to live on,z意为“不适合生活”，符合句意。应选A项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读文章,根据第二段关键句uMars is one of the most attractive destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organizatio
11、n Mars One all have plans to send humans there.火星是最吸引人的目的地之一。美国宇航局、阿拉伯联 合酋长国、私营公司SpaceX和火星一号组织都方案将人类送往那里。）和第三段关键句“But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that ifs just too expensive or dangerous/（但并不是所有人者K同意移 民火
12、星或其他星球是一个伟大的方案。反对移民的最常见的理由是太贵或太危险。）可知， 本文主要讨论了我们是否应该移民去火星的问题，并阐述了支持和反对两种观点，Should We Colonize Mars?意为“我们应该移民火星吗？ 选项能够概括文章主要内容。应选C 项。DAs a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists, three-spined stickleback is known for their different shapes, sizes, and behaviors-they can even live in b
13、oth seawater and freshwater, and under a wide range of temperatures. But what makes that?The researchers tracked six populations of the fish before and after seasonal changes to their environment, using genome sequencing. Seasonal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance of s
14、alt and freshwater, and only those fish able to tolerate these rapid changes survive into the next season.“These changes probably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback populations during the past 10,000 years. says Professor Barrett We hope to gain insight into the genetic changes t
15、hat may have resulted from natural selection long in the past.，zRemarkably, the researchers discovered the evidence of genetic changes driven by the seasonal shifts in habitats, which mirrored the differences found between long-established freshwater and saltwater populations. These genetic changes
16、occurred in independent populations over a single season, highlighting just how quickly the effects of natural selection can be detected/ saysProfessor Barrett, “The findings suggest that we may be able to use the genetic differences to predict how populations may adapt to environment.The research e
17、mphasizes the importance of studying species in dynamic environments to gain a better understanding of how natural selection operates. In further research, they plan to investigate how repeatable the observed genetic changes are, by testing whether they show up year after year. Doing so would demons
18、trate their ability to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations.32. What does the underlined word that refer to in Paragraph 1?A. Stickleback is under a wide range of temperatures.B. Stickleback is popular with evolutionary ecologists.C. Stickleback can adapt to different livin
19、g conditions.D. Stickleback has different shapes, sizes, and behaviors.33. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The difficulties of the research.B. The purpose of the research.C. The background of the research.D. The methods of the research.34. What is the main reason for sticklebacks survival?A. Hab
20、itat shifts.C. Seasonal changes.B. Genetic change.D. Independent populations.35. Why will scientists study the repetition of the gennetic changes?A. To know what natural selection is.B. To study specices in dynamic environments.C. To test the reliablity of the present discoveries.D. To forecast the
21、evolutionary future of certain species.【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了三刺鱼可以适应不同的生活条件，研究人员对此 展开研究，发现三刺鱼生存的主要原因是遗传变化，这一研究发现可以预测某些物种的未来 进化。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中 “As a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists, three-spined stickleback is known for their different shapes, s
22、izes, and behaviors-they can even live in both seawater and freshwater, and under a wide range of temperatures. 可知，作为进化生 态学家 一个热门研究课题，三刺鱼以其不同的形状、大小和行为而闻名一一它们甚至可以 在海水和淡水中生活，并在大范围的温度下生活，故第一段最后一句对三刺鱼可以适应不同 的生活条件提出疑问，故画线词指的是“三刺鱼可以适应不同的生活条件。应选C。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段 “The researchers tracked six populations
23、of the fish before and after seasonal changes to their environment, using genome sequencing. Seasonal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance of salt and freshwater, and only those fish able to tolerate these rapid changes survive into the next season.（研究人员通过基因组测序，跟踪了 6个鱼类种
24、群在季节变化前后的环境变化。季节的变化导致了栖息地结构和盐淡水平衡的巨大变化，只 有那些能够忍受这些快速变化的鱼类才能存活到下一个季节）可知，第二段主要讲的是研 究方法。应选D。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 “These changes probably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback populations during the past 10,000 years. says Professor Barrett “We hope to gain insight into the genetic change
25、s that may have resulted from natural selection long in the past（“这些变化可能类似于过去一万年棘鱼种群所经历的栖息地变化。 Barrett说，“我 们希望深入了解可能是长期以来自然选择导致的基因变化。）可知，三刺鱼生存的主要 原因是基因变化。应选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中 “In further research, they plan to investigate how repeatable the observed genetic changes are, by testing whether they s
26、how up year after year. Doing so would demonstrate their ability to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations.（在进 步的研究中，他们方案研究观察到的基因变化的可重复性，通过测试它们是否年复一年地出 现。这样做将证明它们有能力可靠地预测这些种群的未来进化）可知，科学家研究基因变 化的重复是为了预测某些物种的未来进化。应选D。第二节七选五（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡
27、上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。How can we completely concentrate while studying? Here are things you must not do to concentrate better when you study.1. Focusing on things outside of your control.36, but you havent even looked at the material thats covered yet. Oh god, sostressful. Why didnt I start studying ea
28、rlier? You need to focus on what you can do and take back control over the situation. You still got a week left to work with.2. Approaching study as a chore.37. Do you have to study? No, you want to study. No one is forcing you to study andeven if they try, you finally have the choice as to whether
29、you will study or not. When you approach studying as something you want to do, its a very slight change that has a deep impact on how wellyou study.3. 38You need to know exactly where youre going and what youre going to accomplish during your study session. And that brings you to your next point.4.
30、Copying how other people studySome people are “geniuses“ that can read something just once and remember everything that they read. 39your job is to figure out what yours are. Are you more visual auditory, orkinesthetic? If you find reading textbooks difficult, switch over to audio material by listen
31、ing to lectures and finding videos online.5. Finishing study sessions without reflecting40. You need to take note of what worked and what didnt work throughout yourstudy session, so you can make use of that knowledge in the future.A. Studying without setting a clear goalIts one week before you atten
32、d your final testsB. We all have unique strengths and weaknessesSetting yourself up for failure in bad environmentsC. You should reflect to learn more about how you best studyStudying doesnt mean reading textbooks or re-reading your notesD. Theres a big difference between having and wanting to do so
33、mething【答案】36.B37. G 38. A 39. C 40. E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些不利于集中精力学习的事情以及应对方法。 【36题详解】根据后文 “but you havent even looked at the material thafs covered yet. Oh god, so stressful. Why didnt I start studying earlier? You need to fbcus on what you can do and take back control over the situation. You s
34、till got a week left to work with.（但你还没看过里面的内容呢。天啊，压力太 大了。我为什么不早点开始学习呢？你需要把注意力集中在你能做的事情上，重新控制局面。 你还有一周的时间可以工作）可知，后文提到某种情景导致压力太大，且提到了为什么不 早点开始学习，故B选项“离期末考试还有一个星期符合语境，应选B。【37题详解】根据后文 “Do you have to study? No, you want to study. No one is forcing you to study and even if they try, you finally have the
35、 choice as to whether you will study or not. When you approach studying as something you want to do, its a very slight change that has a deep impact on how well you study.（你必须学习吗？不，你想学习。没有人强迫你学习，即使他们尝试，你最终可以 选择是否学习。当你把学习当成一件你想做的事情时，这是一个非常微小的变化，但却会对 你的学习成绩产生深刻的影响）可知，后文提到了不是必须学习，应该是想要学习，G选 项中having an
36、d wanting to do对应后文中have to study o故G选项“必须做和想要做是有很 大区别的符合语境，应选G。【38题详解】根据本段 “You need to know exactly where you9re going and what youre going to accomplish during your study session. And that brings you to your next point.（你需要确切地知道你要去哪 里，你要在学习过程中完成什么。这就引出了下一个问题）可知，本段提出要明确要去哪 里以及需要完成的内容，即要有明确的目标。故A选项
37、“没有明确目标地学习符合语境, 应选Ao【39题详解】根据上文 “Some people are “geniuses“ that can read something just once and remember everything that they read.（有些人是“天才，读一次书就能记住他们读过的所有东西）以及 后文 u your job is to figure out what yours are. Are you more visual, auditory, or kinesthetic? If you find reading textbooks difficult, sw
38、itch over to audio material by listening to lectures and finding videos online.（你的工作就是找出你的学习方式。你更注重视觉、听觉还是动觉？如果你觉得 阅读课本很难，可以通过听讲座和网上找视频来切换到音频材料）可知，后文提到了应该 找到最适合自己的学习方式，可见每个人的优缺点不一样，要找出自己的学习方式，故C 选项“我们都有独特的优点和缺点符合语境，应选C。【40题详解】根据后文 “You need to take note of what worked and what didnt work throughout
39、your study session, so you can make use of that knowledge in the future4你需要记下在整个学习过程中哪些 方法有效，哪些方法无效，这样你就可以在以后的学习中利用这些知识）可知，后文提到 真正需要做的是记下在整个学习过程中哪些方法有效，哪些方法无效，可见要反思自己的学 习方式，E选项中reflect对应标题中reflecting。故E选项“你应该反思，更多地了解你最好 的学习方式符合语境，应选E。第三局部:英语知识运用（共两节，总分值45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题，每题1.5分，总分值30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、
40、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的 最正确选项。Spelling was sort of my superpower. I wasnt a math or science guy, but I could chew and41 books. Your word is onomatopoeia,“ said the announcer. On the stage of School Bee Competition” 拼字大赛），my brain fast-forwarded to the spelling bee competitions ahead: first the county c
41、hampionship, then the state, and finally the national spelling bee. I glanced back at Alexa, who wanted another chance at 42, If I missed this word, shed be 43 in the game. But that wouldnt happen. Chin up, shoulders back, I 44 my throat, O-n-o-m-a-t-o-p-o-e-i-a.I 45 it.The trophy （奖杯）was presented
42、to me. I shouted onstage, I am the alpha-best/ Surprisingly, my sister, Deandra, 46 her eyes. Youre a terrible winner. Deandra made a 47 face. Alex tried to shake your hand but you 48.I didnt 49 at all. Anyway, I won the school bee. Dont be 50 Youllsoon be facing the best of the best in the county b
43、ee.，z“Will they 51 me? I am the alpha-best with no efforts at all. After six rounds, the number of students 52 from more than 100 to just seven and I was one in the seven. If I had been given words like aerospace or conical, Id make 53 already. Unfortunately, I crashed with the word maestro at last.
44、 I stood 54 for the longest moment.The final winner acted the exact 55 of mine. He accepted his 56 with a small bow, and then shook hands with the runner-up （亚军）. I got to know Deandra words57.I_58to Alexa JTm sorry I was so impolite when I won.”“How was the countybee?、Alexa asked. A disaster.If you
45、 need a study59for next time, Im happy tohelp“Really? Lefs60_on it, partner.Better late than never,”Alexa said, shaking my hand.41.A.preferB.makeC. writeD. digest42.A.winningB.announcingC. listeningD.supporting43.A.inB.outC. awayD. back44.A.driedB.clearedC. closedD. choked45.A.hitB.gotC. madeD. did4
46、6.A.openedB.closedC. wipedD. rolled47.A.happyB.sourC. cheerfulD. painful48.A.ignoredB.missedC. acceptedD. doubted49.A.answerB.careC. regretD. decline50.A.upsetB.proudC. anxiousD.frustrated51.A.admireB.passC. influenceD. match52.A.jumpedB.roseC. decreasedD. spread53.A.concernB.effortsC. promisesD. hi
47、story54.A.harmedB.devotedC. frozenD. addicted55. A. roleB.wayC.oppositeD.behavior56. A. trophyB.wordC.handD. effort57. A. took placeB.made senseC.came outD. caughtup58. A. relatedB.occurredC.contributedD.apologized59. A. partnerB.teacherC.classmateD. brother60. A. relyB.restC.baseD. shake【答案】4LD 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. BB 51. D 52. C 53. D 54. C 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. D 59.A 60. D【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。本文介绍了作者擅长拼写单词，参加校级单词拼写大赛时获胜 了。但是作者对其他选手很不礼貌，作者的姐姐让作者不要骄傲，告诉他以后会遇到更强的 对手的。最后作者在县级比赛中输了，获得第一名的选手谦虚的表现让作者意识到了自己的 错误。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个数学或科学的人，但我可以