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1、2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷英语第一局部知识运用（共两节,30分）第一节（共10小题;每题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Recently, I took a trip home by train. I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes, who kept a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. The womans eye fell on the mans
2、 face, and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf.As the night wore on, people began to close their eyes, but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 . The woman looked over at the man. He was still staring at her. She looked back at him with fir
3、e in her eyes. I was beginning to get 4 , too.The train moved on. The little boy was 5 awake on his mothers lap, but the woman dropped off to sleep. A moment later, he began to 6 the half-open window 一 one leg went over it. The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out.The 8 woke up the
4、woman. She seemed to be in 9 , and then reality dawned （显现）.Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window/1 the man said as he gave the child back to her. So I have been watching the whole time/ The woman was 10 , and so was I.l.A. guiding2 .A. adjusted3 .A. air4 .A. nerv
5、ous5 .A. almost6 .A. drag7 .A. grabbed8 .A. alarm9 .A. sorrow10 .A. astonishedB. botheringB. changedBJoyB. embarrassedB. stillB. climbB. rockedB. quarrelB. reliefB. confusedC. watchingC. packedC. spaceC. angryC. hardlyC. knockC. touchedC. riskD. monitoringD. wavedD. restD. disappointedD.evenD. pushD
6、. pickedD. noiseC. panicC. concernedD. painD. inspired第二节（共10小题;每题1.5分，共15分）阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括 号内所给词的正确形式填空。Why do we dream? Scientists arent completely sure, and they have diverse 11 （idea）. Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain so
7、rts through everything 12 happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 （connect） things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.BSam is an in-real-life streamer （播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home
8、 14 a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about 15 she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 （safe） wait for the police to take her home.C地传达了绝望和需要的面孔时，作者决定加入
9、这一组织;再根据尾段可知，通过加入这一组织，作者影响了十名伊拉克 儿童。据此可以推知，第一印象并不可信。故B项正确。【难句分析】When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.(Para. 3)分析:该句为主从复合句。句中When引导时间状语从句;we had collected为省略了 that的定语从句，该从句修饰 先行词supplies
10、;it hit sb. that为固定句型，意为某人突然想到 n,it为形式主语,that引导主语从句;we were to build that day为省略了 that的定语从句，修饰先行词kit。译文:当我看到我们提供的各种物资时，我突然想到，我们那天要做的每一套用具最终都将送到伊拉克儿童的手 中。【高级句式】I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester(学期)project of volunteering at a non-profit organiz
11、ation.(Para. 1)分析:该句为主从复合句。句中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the day。C语篇类型:议论文主题语境:人与自然灾害防范全球崩溃文章大意:本文介绍了极端天气、食品不平安和饮用水短缺等问题会导致全球崩溃，并且许多领域的研究者们一致 认为这样的情况很可能在本世纪出现。几百位科学家、作家和学者发出警告:政策制定者和我们其他所有人必须公 开参与，努力降低全球崩溃风险。核心素养:本文旨在引导考生从人类命运共同体的视角看待人类社会开展中存在的问题。地球只有一个，唯有居安思 危、通力合作，才能有效化解全球性危机给人类文明带来的风险和挑战。28 .D【命题意图】考查理解词汇的能力
12、。【答案分析】根据第三段第一句可知，在当前技术最先进的一些国家，新冠肺炎疫情仍未得到控制,经济危机蔓延，因 此，呼吁公众参与这些不可思议的事情是尤为恰当的，故D项与画线词的意义最为接近。germane”贴切，恰当，与 有密切关系”;relevant”紧密相关的，切题的，.A【命题意图】考查理解观点、态度的能力。【答案分析】根据第五段中的And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.turn out fine”可知, 人们很可能选择忽视这些警示信息，我们都希望事情能顺利，由此可推断，这会让作者感到很担忧
13、，故A项正确。29 .B【命题意图】考查推断的能力。【答案分析】结合语境可知，”正如一位诗人写的”是为了说明作者前面的观点，因此作者对于这一观点是赞成的，故B 项正确。【核心单词】Para. 3: unthinkable 6.难以想象的;不可思议的 Para. 5: disturbance .干扰;动乱【核心短语】Para. 6: make the best of充分利用【词缀变形】Para. 1: credible M.可靠的,可信的credibility .可信性一incredible M.难以置信的;极好的 Para. 3:flexibility .灵活性;弹性flexible必.灵活的
14、;柔韧的;可弯曲的Para. 4: originator几仓始人;创造者;提出者originate u.起源;创造origin .起源;源头Para. 5: severity九严重严格;猛烈-severe M.严峻的;艰巨的;十分严重的 Para. 6: preparedness九准备好的状态;愿意prepared。力准备好prepare也使做好准备D语篇类型:议论文主题语境:人与自然时间新的计时方式文章大意:时间并不是一个绝对值，没有人可以很准确地说出时间。作者最近提出了一种新的计时方式，以自然活动 为参考来记录时间，从而增强人们关爱自然、与自然和谐相处的意识。核心素养:本文介绍了一种特殊的
15、计时方式。这种计时方式表达了中国传统文化中“天人合一”的思想内涵，有助于人 们认识到人与自然和谐相处的意义和价值。31.B【命题意图】考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。【答案分析】第一段的前两句列举圣奥古斯丁和爱因斯坦的例子是为了说明最后一句Even advanced physics can decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question youre asking”,由此可知本段主要讲每个人都 有自己判断时间的标准，故B项正确。32 .D【命题意图】考查理解目的的能力。【答案分析】根据第二段中的三
16、个问句和第三段首句中的“a new approach”可知,这些问题的提出都是为了引出下一 段中作者提出的计时方法，故D项”介绍一种方法”正确。33 .C【命题意图】考查推断的能力。【答案分析】根据第三段中的If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you71! see the opposite effect”可以推断，如果将来河流的平均流速更快，那么河流时间会比标准时间 （原子表）走得快，反之亦然，故C项正确
17、。34 .C【命题意图】考查推断的能力。【答案分析】根据第四段中的Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies”可以推断，我们应该与自然和谐相处，故 C 项正确。【核心单词】Para. 1: state-of-the-art。的.最先进的Para. 4: counteract也抵消;抵抗【核心短语】Para. 2: what if假使将会怎么样Para. 4: in re
18、lation to关于;涉及【词缀变形】Para. 1: decisively odu.果断地;坚决地decisive。4.决定性的;果断的;坚决的 Para. 3: conceptualize v. 将概念化conceptual 力.概念的第二节语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与社会音乐与健康音乐有利于身心健康语境概述:本文主要介绍了听音乐会促进我们的心理健康，对我们的身心有很大的益处。35 .F考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了对许多人来说音乐长期以来被认为是一种令人愉悦的消遣方式，空后一句 讲到了音乐对心理健康的益处是不容置疑的，所以空处应与音乐对于心理健康的益处有关，因此F项符合语境。36 .
19、B考查上下文衔接。根据空后讲到的”然而，出于相同的理由，如果有人痛苦难耐，音乐是非常有益的”和However 一词可推知，空处讲到的应该是音乐的坏处，因此B项符合语境。37 .D考查上下文衔接。本段第一句讲到了很多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听舒缓的音乐，空后讲到了尽管这种观念的有 效性仍待评估，因此空处讲到的应该是晚上睡觉前听音乐的好处，因此D项符合语境。38 .G考查上下文衔接。结合语境可知，此处讲到的是一项研究,所以空处讲到的应该是参与者的研究表现，且空后一 句讲到了当音乐的速度减慢时，他们的压力和焦虑水平会变得较低,对心率的影响似乎也变小了。由此可推知，空处讲 到的应该是音乐较快时的表现，因此G
20、项符合语境。39 .E考查上下文衔接。结合空后讲到的但是将收音机开大音量可能对其他一系列健康问题有益可知，空处讲到的 应该是音乐的好处，因此E项符合语境。第三局部书面表达第一节语篇类型:议论文主题语境:人与社会人际交往论辩的重要性语境概述:本文主要介绍了作为解决问题的一种方式，“论辩”对于健康有很多好处。40 .Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party.【命题意图】考查理解具体信息的能力。【答案分析】 根据第二段中的Arguing is that you and
21、your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns”可知，论辩就是和对方陈述你的担忧，讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和事情。41.It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.【命题意图】考查理解具体信息的能力。【答案分析】根据倒数第二段中的This may be because more life experience.what d
22、oes not”可知，随着年龄和阅历的 增加,我们会越来越明白生活当中什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。42.Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.【命题意图】考查推断的能力。【答案分析】根据第三段中的“When people had an argument
23、that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity （情绪反响）of those who avoided an argument”可知,解决争端会让情绪反响减半，故increases your reactivity局部错误, 正确表达应为“Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivityno43.Besides, resolving an argument can eliminate bigger problems or troubles when they are s
24、till small. Lastly, it can also be of benefit for the atmosphere of the whole team if you are in one, as you can have a deeper understanding of each other.【命题意图】考查推断的能力。【答案分析】解决争端还有其他的好处，如将问题消灭在萌芽状态、促进团队气氛和加深彼此了解等,考生也可根据 自己的理解合理拓展。第二节【写作思路】.写作要点：原因因生病无法赴约；建议下周六去2022北京冬奥会举办地之一张家口游玩。1 .无法赴约类书面表达写作框架：正
25、文一般要求在第一段先表达歉意;第二段介绍无法赴约的原因及补救措施等;最后再次表达歉意并希望对方回复。 【范文赏读】Dear Jim,Im sorry that I wont be able to go hiking with you this Saturday（宾语从句）.I began to cough yesterday morning, so I went to see a doctor. She told me it was a bad cold, and I would have to stay at home for a few days. Td really like to sp
26、end some time with you. Is it OK with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Saturday? Its one of the host cities for the 2022 Winter Olympics. Please let me know what you think of my idea（宾语从 句）.Again, Im so soiry about the inconvenience. Hope to hear from you soon.Li HuaThere 17 （be） a dramatic
27、 rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 18 （cause） largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 19 （result） in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
28、Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need 20 （invest） in disaster prevention. 第二局部阅读理解（共两节,38分） 第一节（共14小题;每题2分，共28分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。AIf you are planning to start a career in the field of education, science, or culture, then an internship
29、（实习）at UNESCO will be ideal for you.Who can apply?You have completed your full-time university studies; orYou are studying in a graduate program for a masters degree.Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.What are the requireme
30、nts?You must be at least 20 years old.You should have a good command （掌握）of either English or French.You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.You should possess strong interpersonal and
31、 communication skills.What do you need to prepare?Visa: You should obtain the necessary visas.Travel: You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.Medical insurance: You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid （有效的）in the targe
32、t country for the entire period of the internship. UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD 30,000 for the internship period.Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.Motivation letter: You should have your motivation letter ready befo
33、re filling out the application form.Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months. We do not respond to every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager. If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your applica
34、tion has not been successful.21.According to this passage, applicants are required to . A. hold a masters degree in scienceB. have international work experience C. be fluent in either English or French D. present a letter from a technical institution 22.What will UNESCO provide for the internship pe
35、riod? A. Limited medical insurance coverage.B. Training in communication skills.C. A medical certificate for work.D. Financial support for travel.23.What should applicants do before filling out the application form?A. Contact UNESCO managers.B. Get access to the database.C. Keep a motivation letter
36、at hand.D. Work in a team for six months.BI remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester （学期）project of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last choice was Operat
37、ion Iraqi Children （OIC）. My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. After doing some research, I believed that we could really do someth
38、ing for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair （绝望）and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them int
39、o kits one kit, one child.The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Ira
40、qi child. Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed. While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.
41、 When the kits were completed, and ready to be sent overseas, the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our eff
42、orts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?A. It would affect his/her initial plans.B. It would involve traveling overseas.C. It would not bring him/her a good grade.D. It would not live up to h
43、is/her expectations.25.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?A. Images of Iraqi children.B. Research by his/her classmates.C. A teachers introduction.D. A representatives comments.26.The authors OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to .A. become OIC volu
44、nteersfurther their educationB. study in foreign countriesinfluence other children27.What can we conclude from this passage?A. Ones potential cannot always be underrated.B. First impression cannot always be trusted.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. He who hesitates is lost.CHundreds of scientist
45、s, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as a credible scenario （情景）this century1.A survey of
46、 scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled p
47、andemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholars? warning letter doesnt say exactly w
48、hat collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories （签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the ecological footprint concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, nit seems that global collapse is cert