《2010小学英语语法j精华详解及习题.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2010小学英语语法j精华详解及习题.doc（66页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2021小学英语语法j精华详解及习题介词用法时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。at也用在明分前，说“差可要用上to，说“过只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。 下面就时间概念的介词用法做一简要介绍和比拟。1at表示时间概念的某一个点。在某时刻、时间、阶段等。 at 1：00dawn，midnight，noon在一点钟黎明、午夜、中午 these are our chief tasks at the present stage这些就是我们现阶段的主要任
2、务。2on1表示具体日期。they arrived in shanghai on may25他们在五月二十五日到达上海。注：1关于"在周末"的几种表示法：atonthe weekend在周末-特指atonweekends在周末-泛指over the weekend在整个周末during the weekend在周末期间 2在圣诞节，应说"at christmas而不说"on christmas 2在刚的时候。 on reaching the city he called up his parents一到城里他就给父母打了一个 。3in1表示"时
3、段"、"时期"，在多数情况下可以和dur- ing互换，前者强调比照，后者强调持续。 induring1988december，the 20th century在一九八八年十二月、二十世纪i returned to beijing in the middle of june我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表示"在某项活动的期间"，那么只能用during。during my military servicethe trip在我服役期间在旅行期间 2表示以说话时间为基点的"假设干时间以后"，常用作将来时态谓语的时间状语。如这时要表示
4、"假设干时间 the meeting will end in 30minutes三十分钟后会议三十分钟后结束。can you finish it within 30minutes？三十分钟内你能在三十分钟之内完成这件事吗？ 但在过去时态中，in可用于表"在假设干时间以内"，这时不要误用during。 thejob was done during a weekwrongthe job was done in a weekright这工作在一星期 4after表示"在某具体时间以后"，注意不要和in的2意混淆。 after supper8ocloc
5、k，the war晚饭八点、战后 比拟：he will be back in two hours他将在两个小时以后回来。he returned tohis hometown after the war战后他回到了故土。 5for表示"动作延续假设干时间"，有时可省略。 i stayed in londonfortwo days on my way to new york在去纽约的途中，我在伦敦呆了两天。6since表示"自某具体时间以来"，常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。 since liberation1980自从解放1980年以来 they have
6、been close friends since childhood他们从小就是好朋友。 注： 1since the war是指"自从战争结束以来"，假设指"自从战争开始以来"，须说"since the beginning of the war"。 2不要将since与after混淆。 比拟：he has worked here since 1965指一段时间，强调时间段自从1965年以来，他一直在这儿工作。 he began to work here after 1965指一点时间，强调时间点从1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。7b
7、y表示"到的时候"，其谓语时态的用法：动作动词常用完成时态；状态动词be常用一般时态。比拟： by noon，everybody hadwill havearrived there by noon，everybody werewill bethere 到中午的时候，大家都将到那儿了。 以上探讨了介词表示时间概念时的用法和比拟，上述介词除表示时间概念外还有其他的用法，英语学习者必须掌握其各种用法，才能灵活运用，提高自己的语言能力。小学英语语法复习要点一 一、名词复数规那么1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-be
8、ds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规那么名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-
9、teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出以下各词的复数I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、一般现在时一般现在时根本用法介绍【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的
10、特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mar
11、y likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否认句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否认句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否认句。如：He doesnt often play.
12、一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规那么1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es
13、，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、 写出以下动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in C
14、lass One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. Ther
15、e _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child
16、often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否认句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复) _ _3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定答复)_ _4. Amy likes playing computer ga
17、mes.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复) _ _5. We go to school every morning.(改为否认句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改为否认句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线局部提问)_8. John comes from Canada.(对划线局部提问)_9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复) _10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否认句)_五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写
18、在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _三、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间 write_ _ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_ come _ get
19、_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )i
20、n the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否认句)_ _2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否认答复)_3Im playing the football in
21、the playground .(对划线局部进行提问) _4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线局部进行提问)_四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、方案或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow后天等。二、根本结构：be going to + do；will+ do.三、否认句：在be动词am, is, arel后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to h
22、ave a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线局部提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线局部有三种情况。1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going
23、to New York soon.2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me thisafternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow明天. = I will go
24、swimming tomorrow. 填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, s
25、he _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.改否认Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.改否认I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.改一般疑问句_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:3
26、0.改一般疑问句_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.对划线局部提问 _ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a
27、 picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (wat
28、ch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my
29、 study now.五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。was not=wasntare在一般过去时中变为were。were not=werent带有was或were的句子，其否认、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否认句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否认句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday
30、. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规那么：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为
31、i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 过去时练习写出以下动词的过去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do _Be动词的过去时练习1一、 用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now.2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment
32、 ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、 句型转换1. It was exciting.否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_2. All the students were very excited.否认句：_ 一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_3. They
33、were in his pocket.否认句：_ 一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_Be动词的过去时练习2一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on
34、the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.二、句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now.否认句：_ 一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_肯、否认答复：_三、 中译英1我的故事书刚刚还在手表旁边。_2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。_3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。_ 行为动词的过去时练习1一、用行为动词的适当形式填空
35、1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.二、句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否认句：_一般疑问句：_