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1、2013高考英语二轮复习 精品资料专题08 情态动词和虚拟语气教学案（教师版）【2013高考考纲解读】情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。【重点知识整合】 一、情态动词 1shall (1)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等，一般用于第二、三人称中，并用于陈述句。 You shall have my answer tomorrow.（允诺） 你明天就会得到我的答复
2、。 He shall be sorry for it one day,I tell you.（警告） 我告诉你，他总有一天会后悔的。 You shall do as I tell you.（命令或吩咐） 你应该按照我告诉你的去做。 (2)shall用于第三人称，表示“应，必须”。 Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms. 我们俱乐部的成员应该穿统一制服。 (3)用于征求对方的意见和指示，用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。 Shall I turn on the light? 我能打开灯吗？ Shall he come to see you? =
3、 Do you want him to see you? 你愿意他来看你吗？ 【例】-What does the sign over there read? -No person_smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. A. will B.may C.shall D.must 【答案】C 【解析】：shall可以用于第二,第三人称表说话者的命令、警告、意图、允诺和决心等,此处表示命令. 2will (1)表示意志、愿望或决心等。 -Can someone help me?有人能帮帮我吗？ -I will.我
4、来帮你。 (2)与you连用，表示请求。 Will you come this way，please?你能走这条路吗？ (3)表示规律性的“注定会”。 People will die without air or water. 离开水或空气人们将会死的。 (4)表示习惯或特征。 This old man is very strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything这位老人很怪，他会坐在那儿几小时不说话。 3should与ought to should(1)表劝告、建议时常作“应当”讲，与ought to有时可互换，ought to
5、更注重责任和义务。 (2)表示预测可能性，并意为“可能，（按道理）应该”。 They should be here now他们现在应该在这儿。 (3)用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议。 I should think you are right我以为你是对的。【例】I dont care what people think. Well, you _ A. could B. would C. should D. might 【例】This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would re
6、pair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might【答案】B ought to (1)ought to表示应该，语气比should强。 We ought to help each other in our work. 在工作中我们应该互相帮助。 (2)ought to表示按照责任、义务等该做的事。 Youre my father, so you ought to look after me. 你是我父亲，因此你应该照顾我。 (3)ought to表示非常可能的事。 He ought to know her address他应
7、该知道她的地址。 (4)ought(not)to have done与should(not)have done的用法相同。 【例】 According to the air traffic rules,you_switch off your mobile phone before boarding A.may B.can C.would D.should 4.would 与used to (1)两者都可表示过去重复的习惯。 (2)used to强调过去的行为同现在的对比，而would则单纯表示过去的习惯动作，常与often，every day等状语连用。 He used to be a ver
8、y strong man. 他以前是个身体很强壮的人。（现在体质差多了） We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his sto ry. 我们过去每天晚上坐在院子里听他讲故事。（过去重复性行为） (3)表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不能用would。 There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain. 以前山脚下有座庙。 5need和dareneed和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词，用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式
9、。 Need I come?我有必要来吗？ 一No,you neednt(dont have to).Yes,you must. 不，你没有必要。是的，你必须来。 You neednt telephone him now. 你现在不必给他打电话。 He didnt dare to go home他不敢回家。 None of them dared to mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。注意：need问句的肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。 【例】What sort of house do you wantto have? Something
10、big? Well,it_be bigthats not important. A. mustnt B.neednt C.cant D.wont 6must与have to (1)must表示说话人的主观看法，have to往往强调客观需要。 (2) must一般只表示现在，have to则有更多的时态形式。 (3)二者否定意义不同，mustnt表示“禁止”。 (4)询问对方意愿时，应用must。 Must I clean all the rooms? 我必须打扫所有房间吗？ Yes, you must./No, you dont have to/neednt. 是的，你必须。不，不必了。 (
11、5)二者的用法口诀： “主观职责”说“必须”， must赶紧用上去； 若是环境“不得不” 赶快换用have to。 You mustnt go你不能去。 You dont have to go你不必去。【例】John，look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B.Can C.May D.Need7can与be able to(1)can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could)，be able to可用于更多时态中。(2)can只表示具备了某种能力，但不一定做了，而be able to指过去某时设法做
12、成了某事，was/were able to do相当于managed to do或succeeded in doing.I talked with her for a long time, and eventually I was able to make her believe me我跟她谈了很久，最终还是使她相信了我的话。My father could speak English我父亲会说英语。(3)在否定句中或与感官动词连用时，could与was/were able to可通用。 I could/was able to see them through the window. 透过窗子我
13、能看到它们。I wasnt able to/couldnt catch the last train.我没能赶上最后一列火车。 8情态动词表推测(1)肯定句中，can可以表示客观的（理论上的）可能性，并不涉及具体的某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以用来说明人或事物的特征；要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不可用can，须用could，may，might。Accidents can happen on such rainy days.这种下雨的天气可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性）Peter may go with us tonight,but he isn、t sure yet.彼得今晚可能和我们
14、一起去，但他还没确定。(实际可能性，不用can)We may go camping next Sunday.下星期日我们可能去野营。（实际可能性）【例】1. The boy_be really annoying at times，but after a while，youll get used to himA. must B. should Cshall D. can2. Can I have something to eat, Mum? I feel hungry. You _ be hungry. Youve just had some bread and ham. A. maynt B.
15、 wont C. mustnt D. cant (2)表示推测的情态动词层次比较 词形 肯定式 否定式 疑问式must 必定，必然 / / will 很可能，大概 不会，不该 会吗would可能性比will小语气比wont弱 语气比will弱should 确定或可能有的 未来或期待 / /ought to总应该，理应(含义同should) /can / 不可能 有可能吗could 可确定的可能 不可能 语气比can弱may或许，也许，也说不定 可能不 /might 比may还弱比may not还弱 /注意：表推测时，may，must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。may not表示“可
16、能不”；如果表达否定意义“不可能”或疑问意义，用can/could的适当形式。 -Are you coming to Jeffs party?你会来杰夫的晚会吗？ -Im not sure.I might go to the concert instead. 我不确定。我可能去听音乐会作为代替。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?布什先生做事守时。出席开业庆典他怎么会迟到了呢？ （2）would，could，should，might并不一定与过去
17、时间有关，而表示其可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This cant be done by him.这不可能是他做的。 This may not be done by him.这可能不是他做的。 Can this be done by him?这可能是他做的吗？ This could/may/might be done by him. 这件事可能是他做的。 He should be around sixty years old.他可能60岁左右了。 should表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望。 Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here
18、at any moment.快7点了。杰克随时都可能在这里。 -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon我什么时候可以来取照片？我明天下午就要用。 They should be ready by 12：00它们12点就能（洗）好了。 【例】You _ be hungry already. you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt 【例】What a pity! Considering his ability and
19、 experience,he_better. A. need have done B.must have done C. can have done D.might have done 9表示“宁愿做某事”的句式：would rather do sth. (than do sth.)would do sth. rather than do sth.would rather sb. did sth.10情态动词+ have done prefer to do sth.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing
20、sth. 情态动词十完成式 用法 例句must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必准是一定做了”。I didnt hear the telephone;I must have been asleep.我没有听到电话响，我一定是睡着了。can have donecant have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。He cant have studied English before.他以前不可能学过英语。Can he have gone to his aunts?他可能到他姑妈家去了吗？ could have donecouldn
21、t have done用于肯定句中，表示“有可能已经”，还可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以”。用于否定句，表示“不可能”。He could have walked to the stationit is so near.他本该走着去车站的，这么近。I couldnt ha,e won,so I didnt go in for the race.我不可能获胜，因此我没参赛。may/might have done表示对过去已发生的行为的推测，意为“也许已经”，一般只用于肯定句和否定句中，不用于疑问句，用might则表示语气更加不肯定。He may not have finished t
22、he work.他可能还没有完成工作。She might have caught a cold.她可能感冒了。might have done表示“本可能”，但实际上没发生的事。He might have given you more help,even though he was very busy他本来可以给你更多的帮助，即使他非常忙。should/ought to + have done用于肯定句时，表示“本该做”，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。 The tree is dead.r should have given it more water.这棵树死了。我本该
23、多给它浇点水的（但没有）。Tom,ought not to have told me your secret.汤姆本不该把你的秘密告诉我（但他告诉了）。neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事，注意didnt need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。I neednt have bought the book.我本来没有必要买这本书（却买了）。I didnt need to clean the windows. My brother did it.我没有必要擦窗子，我弟弟做这事了。【例】2008江苏 Im sorry.I _ at you the other d
24、ay. Forget it.1 was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B:shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D.mustnt have shouted【例】 The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him,I suppose. A. should B.can C.would D.must二、情态动词的一些习惯用法 (1) cannot., too/enough表示“
25、无论怎么也不过分”“越越好”。You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。You cannot remember enough English words. 你记的英语单词越多越好。 (2)cannot but do sth.表示“不得不只好做某事”。 I cannot but admire your bravery. 我不得不佩服你的勇气。 (3)may well和may as well结构“may well+动词原形”是一种常用结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于to be very likely to. He may well be proud of his son
26、.他完全可以为儿子感到自豪。“may as well十动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had better do或have no strong reason not to do,You may as well do it at once你最好马上就做这件事。三、虚拟语气 1虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 情况 虚拟条件句 主句与现在事实相反过去式(be一律用were)与将来事实相反过去式(be一律用were) should+动词原形 were to+动词原形would/should/could/might +动词原形与过去事实相反 had+过去分词would/should/could
27、/might+ have+过去分词If she knew English,she wouldnt ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。 If I had known her number,I would have called her.如果我知道她的电话号码的话，我就给她打电话了。If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。注意： (1)错综时间条件句有时主句与从句的动作发生在不同时间，这时主句和从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式必须因时间不同而不同。If she hadnt
28、trained so hard, she wouldnt be able to run so fast.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）如果她以前训练没有这么刻苦的话，她现在不可能跑得那么快。If he had died in the accident,he couldnt stand in front ofyou now.如果他在那次事故中死去了，他现在就不会站在你面前了。 (2)省略if的用法如果条件句的从句部分含有were，should或had，有时可将if省略，把were，should或had移到句首。 Were I you, I would get up early in
29、the morning. 如果我是你的话，我早晨就会早起。 Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday,you could have caught the train. 昨天如果你早到车站10分钟的话，就会赶上火车了。 Should it rain,the crops would be saved. 要是下雨的话，庄稼就会有救了。 (3)含蓄条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。有以下情况： 通过介词短语with，without, but for，but that等。 Without a
30、ir,there would be no living things. 若没有空气，就没有生物。 But for your mothers help we wouldnt have finished thework.要不是你妈妈帮忙，我们不可能完成这项工作。 通过连词or, but，though，once等。 I would have attended the meeting, but I have been too busy.我本来要参加会议的，只是太忙了。 通过不定式短语。 You would be a fool to refuse his offer. 要是你拒绝他的提议，那就太傻了。
31、通过分词短语。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 倘若给予更多关心，这些树木本来可以生长得更好。 无词语暗示条件。 Such mistakes could have been avoided. 这些错误本来是可以避免的。【例】_ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A. If B. Since C. Though D. When2宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)表示命令、建议、要求等一类的动词，如order，suggest，propose, ins
32、ist, require, demand, advise, request等后接的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略 We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 我们建议把会议推迟。 I required that he (should) come to my office. 我要求他到我的办公室来。 He insisted that you (should) be seated there. 他坚持让你坐在那儿。【例】 (09浙江13) The doctor recommended that yo
33、u swim after eating a large meal .A .wouldnt B couldnt C neednt D shouldnt 注意：suggest与insist当suggest不表示“建议”而是表示“暗示”“认为可能,使人联想起”讲时，从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气。 Her expression suggested (that) she was angry. 她的表情表明她生气了。当insist表示“坚持说、强调”之意时，用陈述语气。 He insisted that he was better(insist在此表示“坚持说、坚持认为”)他坚持说他好些了。 He ins
34、isted that Tom had stolen his horse. 他坚持认为汤姆偷了他的马。 (2)wish后的宾语从句中：一般过去时与现在事实相反的愿望，过去完成时与过去事实相反的愿望，would/could+动词原形将来难以实现的愿望。I wish you had come to the lecture.但愿你当时听报告了。I wish I could fly to the moon some day.如果有一天我能飞到月球上去就好了。(3) would rather的从句后面用一般过去时表示将来或现在，用过去完成时表示过去。I would rather you told me t
35、he truth.我宁愿你告诉我真相了。I would rather you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天已经把这本书还了。3名词性从句中的虚拟语气 (1)虚拟语气用于主语从句在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should+)动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。It is necessary/important/natural/strange that. (should)do 做是必要的重要的自然的奇怪的。It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work
36、你在工作后打扫房间是有必要的。It is very strange that he (should) have left without saying good-bye他离开时没有说再见是很奇怪的。、It is desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested/proposed that. (should) do. 据请求建议决定指示要求建议（应该）做It is ordered that the cloth (should) be woven right now.据指示，现在就应纺织布料。 (2)虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句在advice, idea,
37、 order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion,request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should+)动词原形”。 My idea is that we (should)do exercises first. 我的观点是我们应该先做练习。 Our suggestion is that the meeting should be held at once. 我们的建议是会议应立刻召开。 An order came that we (should) start at once. 命令传来我们应立刻出发。4as if/a
38、s though从句中的虚拟语气由as if /as though(好像)引导的从句，谓语动词用过去式或过去完成时表示虚拟语气。It seems as if it were spring already.现在仿佛已是春天了。He talked as if he had been to Paris.他谈起来好像他去过巴黎。She looks as though she had known all the secrets.她看上去像是已经知道了全部秘密。注意：as if/as though可引导可能是事实的从句，常用在系动词look，seem，taste，sound等词后。It looks as
39、if it is going to rain仿佛要下雨了。5其他句型中的虚拟语气 (1)if only句型（要是该有多好） If only I could see him now!要是我现在能看到他该有多好啊！ If only I knew the answer.要是我知道答案就好了。 If only I hadnt lost it要是我没有弄丢它就好了。 (2)It is (high) time that后面的从句的谓语动词要用过去式或用“should+动词原形”，但should不可省略。 It is time that we planted trees there. 是我们到那儿种树的时候
40、了。 It is high time that we should plant trees there.早该是我们到那儿种树的时候了。 【例】But for their help，we the program in time Acan not finish Bwill not finishChad not finished Dcould not have finished易混易误，深度总结。典型陷阱题分析 1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like
41、that.” A. shall B. will C. would D. can （1） “I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？” A. should B. must C. would D. shall 2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. A. cannot B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt3. “Is John coming by train？” “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.” A. mustB. can C. needD. may 4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It _ true because there was little snow there.” A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be 5. “Do you thin