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1、英语五大基本句型基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(objectcomplement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。 句型一：主语+不及物动词 不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。 e.g.Therainstopped. Theoldmanwalksinthepark.句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语 e.g.Themachineworkssmoothly.(机器
2、运转正常。)2.There+不及物动词+主语e.g.Thereissomemilkinthebottle. Therecomesthebus.3.主语+不及物动词+动词不定式e.g.Theystoppedtotakeashortrest.(他们停下来稍作休息) 特别提醒 动词stop可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。 e.g.Theystoppedtakingarest.句型二：主语+系动词+表语 系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主
3、语补语。e.g.Mysisterisanurse. Ifeelquitehungry. Theballisunderthedesk. 句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。e.g.WearelearningEnglish.Doyouknowhim?Yourradioneedsrepairing.Shehopestoseeheruncle.句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.Givemethebook,please.特别提醒A.在
4、此句型中，通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。 e.g.Hermotherboughtaskirtforher. Givethebooktome,please. 直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：give(给),tell(告诉),lend(借给),sell(卖),teach(教),send(寄给),write(写给),show(出示),return(还给),bring(带给),pass(递给),leave(留给),offer(提供),hand(交给) 间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy(买),c
5、hoose(选择),get(弄到),make(做),order(订购),sing(唱歌),do(做),play(演奏) B.如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。 e.g.Ihandedittoourteacher. 不能说：Ihandedourteacherit.C.此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.a.Shewasboughtaskirtbyhermother.b.Askirtwasboughtforherbyhermother.句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语及物动词本身需
6、要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词,动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。e.g.WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.Thenewsmadeussad.Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.Ifoundthemanstealingthemoney.Ifoundmymoneystolen.特别提醒A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（
7、请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listento(倾听)，lookat(看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。e.g.Theysawhimstealtheoldmansmoney.Hewasseentostealtheoldmansmoney.英语五大基本句型练习1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou_.a.wai
8、tb.towaitc.waitingd.waited2.Shefoundherdog_overbyacarontheroad.a.runb.rand.torund.running3.Roseisgoingtohaveherhair_.a.dob.donec.didd.doing4.Shefeltsomebody_her.a.touchedb.touchesc.touchd.totouch5.Shetaughthim_speakEnglish.a.howb.howcouldhec.howhecouldd.howto6.Hedidntenjoytheplaybecausehe_.a.wasbori
9、ngb.boredc.wasboredd.boring7.Iwillmakeyourdream_etrue8.Hewarned_home.a.ustonotgob.usnottogoc.wenotgod.usnotgo9.Cannedfooddoesnotgo_.a.bedeasilyb.badlyeasyc.badeasyd.badlyeasily10.Thesadnewskepther_allthenight.a.awakeb.wakenc.waked.towake11.Ithink_abadhabittogetuplate.a.thatb.itc.thisd.its12.Hefoundh
10、ismoney_.a.stealb.stealingc.stolend.tosteal13.Rosesinbloomsmell_.a.sweetlyb.sweetc.sweetend.sweetness14.Wemusthavethemachine_.a.torepairb.repairingc.repaird.repaired15.Shewaslyinginthesofa_abook.a.readingb.readc.toreadd.toreading16.Atelevisionsetwillkeepus_ofthenewsoftheday.a.informb.toinformc.infor
11、medd.informing17.Thespeakerfoundhimself_allalone.a.leftb.leavec.leavingd.toleave18.Thespeakerfoundhimself_.a.misunderstandb.misunderstandingc.misunderstoodd.tomisunderstand19.-Mywatchisbroken.Whydontyou_.a.takearepaireryourwatchb.takeyourwatcharepairerc.taketoarepaireritd.takeittoarepairer20.Iheardy
12、ouwenttothemuseumyesterdayandcouldntfind_thehotel.a.howtoreturntob.howyoucouldgoforc.thewaybackford.thewaybackto21.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Mymother_.a.madeacaketomeb.madeacakemec.madeformeacaked.mademeacake22.Theteacher_Johnagoodstudent.a.believesb.knowsc.suggestsd.considers23.Itsafineday.Letsgoboati
13、ng,_?a.willweb.dontwec.wontwed.shallwe24.Dontsmokeintheclassroom,_?a.willyoub.doyouc.dontyoud.wontyou25.Heseldomhaslunchathome,_he?a.hasb.hasntc.doesd.doesnt26.Wehadtogetupearly,_we?a.didntb.dontc.hadd.did27.YouhadTomdothejob,_you?a.didb.didntc.hadd.hadnt28.Letushaveanotherlook,_you?a.willb.wouldc.w
14、ontd.wouldnt29.Nobodycame,_?a.didntheb.didnttheyc.didhed.didthey30.Weoughttohanditintoday,_we?a.oughtntb.dontc.shouldntd.wont31.Wedbetterwaitfortenmoreminutes,_?a.hadntweb.dontwec.didntwed.wouldntwe32.Idlikeasandwich,_?a.wouldyoub.doyouc.couldntyoud.dontyou33.ThisisthethirdtimethisweekJohnhashadtost
15、udylate,_?a.hasntheb.isnthec.hasntitd.isntit34.YouandIdidittogether,_?a.didntIb.didntyouc.didyoud.didntwe35.Theyshouldhavecompleteditearlier,_?a.shouldtheyb.shouldnttheyc.havetheyd.haventthey36.Youmaytakeitifyouwantto,_?a.mayntyoub.dontyouc.shouldntyoud.wontyou37.YoumusthavetoldMr.Smiththesecret,_?a
16、.mustntyoub.mustyouc.haventyoud.haveyou38.Shedislikedtheskirthisfatherboughther,_?a.didsheb.didntshec.wasshed.wasntshe39.Tomsaidhewasnottherethen,_?a.didntheb.didhec.wasnthed.washe40.Isupposeheishonest,_?a.dontIb.doIC.isnthed.ishe41.Idontthinkheisserious,_?a.dontIb.doIC.isnthed.ishe42.Shesfinishedth
17、ejob,_she?a.doesntb.isntc.wasntd.hasnt43.Youarentateacher,areyou?a.Yes,Iamnotb.No,Iamc.No,butIwasd.Yes,Iwasnt44.-_isyoursister?-Sheisateacherinamiddleschool.a.Whob.Whatc.Whichd.Where45.-Howareyourparents?-_.a.Theyaredoctorsb.Theylikesweetfoodc.Theyarefined.Theyarefifty46.-_willyougetmarriedtohim.-In
18、amonth.a.Howsoonb.Howlongc.Howoftend.Howmuch47.There_twofilmsthisweekinourschool.a.isb.havec.havebeend.has48.There_alotofnewsaboutthefireonTVlastnight.a.wasb.hadc.wered.is49.Thereusedtobeatemplethere,_?a.usedntitb.usedtherec.didntitd.didntthere50.There_astreaminfrontofourhouse.a.liesb.hasc.standd.lie6