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1、北京理工大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和解析Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of whom there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding lette
2、r with a pencil on the MA CHINE-SCORING ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneThe aroma of chocolate perfumes the air of the Rue dAssas in Paris. Entering Christian Constants state-of-the-art boutique, you find yourself in the kingdom of Pariss king of chocolate, where the hu
3、mble cocoa bean is turned into mouth-watering chocolate Easter eggs.Constant, who is a chef, admits that chocolate is his passion and main interest in life. He first developed a fascination with chocolate when he was working for Gaston Lentre, a famous French pastry chef.Every year he has a theme fo
4、r decorating Easter eggs: this year his decorations are inspired by “Art Nouveau. Tonight he has a dinner for 130 to organize and he has to prepare a three-foot-high Art Nouveau-style Easter egg by noon tomorrow. This, for Constant, is a normal schedule.Constant believes that his chocolate creations
5、 are as much of a work of art as other sculptures. It is, therefore, understandable that the restaurant, which he opened last month, is situated in the National Monuments Museum in Paris. During the day the restaurant is a tearoom and offers chocolate in every imaginable form. Customers can choose f
6、rom a selection of sweet chocolate desserts or try the more exotic spicy chocolates. Constant is also a professional “nose, working closely with the French Institute of Taste. He is capable of identifying 450 different tastes and flavors. Constant explains that the mouth, which can only taste four t
7、hingssalt, sweet, acid and bitteris “stupid in comparison to the nose. He believes that the nose is everything.In his book The Taste of Chocolate, he explains how in 1502 Christopher Columbus came across an island and went ashore. He was greeted by an Indian chief bearing gifts，among which were huge
8、 sacks of beans which Columbus thought was local currency. To his surprise, they prepared a drink for him. But Columbus, who disliked the odd bitter taste, continued on his travels, ignorant of the fact that he had just tasted cocoa. Like Columbus, Constant travels the cocoa countries where he check
9、s quality and works with local experts. Quality can vary depending on the region, year, and method of preparation. According to Constant, Venezuela and Trinidad have the best cocoa beans, which they export all over the world either as beans or as cocoa.Constant, who is a hard worker, only sleeps thr
10、ee hours a night. He talks long into the night with members of a club he has formed. The club is called “The Chocolate Munchers. Their main official activity is to get together for monthly dinners where they eat a very tiny dinner and tons of chocolate desserts.“I am an addict, Constant admits, “and
11、 I dont want to be cured!1Which of the following is the most inclusive title for the passage?AChocolate The Passion of a Lifetime.BThe Chocolate Munchers Club.CChocolateA New Art Form.DThe Last Word in Good Taste.2What does Constant do now?AHe works for a French pastry chef.BHe owns his own restaura
12、nt and tearoom.CHe is a sculptor for a museum in Paris.DHe is a chef in the Institute of Taste.3Constants newly-opened business _.Aprovides chocolates with various flavorsBexhibits all of his chocolate sculpturesCoften needs to prepare a big Easter dinnerDserves as a national monument in Paris4The u
13、nderlined part “Constant is also a. nose means _.Ahe believes he has the best nose in the worldBhis nose can taste salt, sweet, acid and bitterChis nose can identify various tastes and flavorsDhe is capable of smelling flavors from a long distance5According to Constant, _.Aancient Indians used cocoa
14、 beans as local currencyBColumbus checked, the quality of cocoa beans in different placesCchocolate addiction makes people sleep lessDthe quality of cocoa beans varies from region to regionPassage TwoFrench are elegant people. They are artists in everyday life, having a very good taste in everything
15、. They dont like American tourists wearing jeans to go into their luxurious and exquisite five-star restaurants. So one of the restaurants put a notice outside its front door. It read “No trousers, please!A gourmet coffee was sold in Tokyo as an antidote to stress. Its name supposedly meant to peopl
16、e that it would smooth the troubled breast. Yet when it was printed in English, it turned out to be “Ease Your Bosoms.Swedes started a promotion stunt to promote the sales of their vacuum cleaner named Electro. Their original ad slogan was translated as “Nothing sucks Like Electro.The General Motors
17、 selling of Chevrolet was very bad in South America. And the reason? The translation of this brand sounds like “nova, which means “It doesnt go in Spanish.When Pepsi-cola invaded the huge Chinese and German markets, the efforts initially fizzled. The products slogan, “Come alive with the Pepsi gener
18、ation, was rendered into German as “come out of the grave with Pepsi. Coca-Cola also discovered something had gone wrong in Taiwan. The Chinese characters chosen for the world-famous product sound like “Bite the Wax Tadpole.A beer companys slogan “Turn it loose became, in Spanish, equivalent to “suf
19、fer from diarrhea.A company translated its sticky tape slogan into Japanese and came up with a sticky problem. The slogan “Sticks like crazy became literally “it sticks foolishly in Japanese.A tonic produced in China is made of royal jelly and is supposed to be very effective for some chronic diseas
20、es. Yet it was translated as “oral liquid, which means “saliva in English. In the brochure, it was described in this way: “it tastes like medicine, when the language in the original meant to use it as a food therapy.Even the wrong nonverbal cue can bring havoc to a product. A baby food company initi
21、ally packaged their African products just the same as in the USwith a cute baby picture on the jar. They didnt realize that because so many Africans cannot read, nearly all pack aged products sold in Africa carry pictures of what is inside. Pureed baby! How horrible!In an Asian city, where traffic i
22、s really very bad, to secure peoples safety, the municipal government has built underground passageways. Pedestrians are asked to use them whenever they need to cross the main street. A sign was posted once on the roadside, pointing to the entrance to an underground passageway, intending to notify E
23、nglish-speaking passengers, “Go underground.We chuckled at such clumsy translations. Is there anything wrong in the language? We must be aware that few words and idioms can be literally translated. Its best to hire the best for translation. Dont take it for granted that as long as one speaks a littl
24、e English, he is autonomously able to do the translation. It takes a while to learn to be a good translator.6“No trousers, please! sounds funny on the front door of a five-star restaurant, because it could mean“ _ in English.ATake off your trousers, then come in, pleaseBWe dont sell any trousers her
25、eCWe dont have any pairs of trousers hereDAnyone who does not wear trousers is not welcome7From the passage, you may guess that Chevrolet is most probably _.Ashoes of some kind that South Americans likeBthe brand name of a kind of vehicleCa pet animal which runs fastDa word in Spanish which has a ve
26、ry bad meaning8Any product with a cute baby picture on the jar will most probably _ in Africa, according to the author.Asell wellBreceive favorable attentionCcause great interestDbring an end to the product9The Chinese characters chosen for Coca-Cola _ in Taiwan first.Awere well receivedBhad a wrong
27、 nameCsounded terrible in the languageDwere all terrible words10Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AClumsy translations can sometimes produce the desired effect.BWe should not take it for granted that anything can be translated.CFew words and idioms can be literally translat
28、ed.DClumsy translation could mean more than just a laughing matter.Passage ThreeVitamins are a group of substances found in food. The body needs them for life and health. So naturally, many people are concerned with the question: Am I getting enough vitamins, and am I getting the right kind?Even tho
29、ugh very small amounts of each vitamin are enough for the needs of the body, the worry people have about vitamins has some basis. And this has something to do with their dietthe food they take in. A person eating a good variety of foods gets all the vitamins now known to be needed (with the possible
30、 exception of vitamin D).The problem is that there are many people who dont choose foods wisely, dont get enough variety, and dont eat the basic foods they need to get their vitamins. So the answer to this question is. No extra vitamins are needed, providing you eat proper foods. In fact, many of th
31、e vitamins cannot be stored in the body, so when extra vitamins taken in, the body simply gets rid of them. It is even harmful to put too much of certain vitamins into the body. This has been found to be true of vitamin A and D, when large amounts are taken inWhat foods supply what vitamins? Here is
32、 a quick general idea. Vitamin A, for the health of the eyes, skin, teeth, and bones, is found in green vegetables, fruits, eggs, liver and butter. Vitamin B1 which helps the nervous and digestive system and prevents certain diseases, is found in cereals, pork and liver. Vitamin B2 is found in milk,
33、 eggs, green vegetables and meats. Vitamin C, which helps bones and teeth, is found in tomatoes, certain fruits and vegetables. These are only a few of the most important vitamins the body needs.11Vitamin A is needed by _ and can be found in _.Abones/pork Bnervous system/milkCeyes/green vegetables D
34、teeth/meats12Vitamin C helps _ while vitamin B1 is very important to _.Ateeth/digestive system Bskin/bonesCbones/liver Deyes/meats13Vitamins are a group of substances found in _.Abody BfoodCpork Ddigestive system14The body needs _ for life and health.Aextra vitamins Ba good variety of vitaminsClarge
35、 amounts of certain vitamins Dsmall amounts of each vitamin15If you take in more vitamins than you actually need, _.Athey are harmful to your bodyByou get all the vitamins now known to be neededCthey help our bodies more properlyDyour body simply gets rid of themPassage FourAs the pace of life conti
36、nues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxationOnce you are in the habit of rushing through life and working from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it
37、. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is of ten supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends v
38、ery much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficlties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact w
39、e make choice between “flight or fight and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued expo
40、sure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our livesit would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.16People are finding le
41、ss and less time to relax themselves because _.Athey do not know how to enjoy themselvesBthey do not believe that relaxation is important for healthCthey are traveling fast all the timeDthey are becoming busier with their work17According to the author, the most important character for a good manager
42、 is his _.Anot fearing stressBknowing the art of relaxationChigh sense of responsibilityDhaving control over performance18Which of the following statements is TRUE?AWe can find some ways to remove stress.BStress is always harmful to people.CIt is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with
43、 work.DDifferent people can withstand different amount of stress.19In paragraph 2, “such a reaction refers back to _.A“making a choice between flight or fightB“reaction to stress both chemically and physicallyC“responding to crises quicklyD“losing heart at the signs of difficulties20In the last sent
44、ence of the article, “do so refers to _.A“expose ourselves to stressB“find ways to deal with stressC“remove stress from our livesD“establish links between diseases and stressPart Translation (40 points)Section A Directions: Translate the following short paragraphs into Chinese. (20 points)21Love is
45、of three varieties: unselfish, mutual and ordinary or selfish. Unselfish love is of the highest kind. Here, the one who loves seeks only the welfare of the beloved and does not care whether he suffers pains and hardships thereby. The second kind of love is mutual love in which the one who loves desi
46、res not only the happiness of his beloved, but has an eye to his own happiness also. Selfish love is the lowest. It makes a man care only for his own happiness without having any regard for the feeling of the beloved.22Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which
47、 we want to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyones lifeample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and painto find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse. Its our decision: From which perspective do w
48、e want to view life? Will we look up in hope or down in despair? I believe in the upward look. I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature.23Youth is not a time of life； it is a state of mind； it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips