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1、and semantic rules.1. _ resulted mainly from the eapansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics.A. PragmaticsB. PragmatismC. PhonologyD. Practicalism2. Once the notion of _ was taken into consideration, semantics spiiled into pragmatics.A. meaningB. contextC. formD. content3. If
2、 a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes _.A. a sentenceB. an actC. a unitD. an utterance4. A _ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it.A. semanticB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammatical5. _ act theory is an i
3、mportant theory in the pragmatic study of language.A. SpeakingB. SpeechC. SoundD. Spoken6. _ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.A. A locutionaryB. An illocutionaryC. A perlocutionaryD. A speech7. One of the contributions Searle has made is his classification of _ acts.A.
4、locutionaryB. illocutionaryC. perlocutionaryD. speech8. The illocutionary point of _ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. directivesB. commisivesC. expressivesD. declarations9. All the utterance that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their _ form.A. syn
5、tacticB. semanticC. grammaticalD. pragmatic10. The cooperative Principle is proposed by _.A. John SearleB. John AustinC. Paul GriceD. John Lyons11. Linguists found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the _ of language use was left unconsidered.A. brevityB. conte
6、xtC. accuracyD. none of the above12. Of the three speech acts, linguistic are most interested in the _.A. locutionary actB. perlocutionary actC. illocutionary actD. none of the above13. The maxim of quantity requires: _.A. make your contribution ad informative as required.B. Do not make contribution
7、 more informative than is required.C. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.D. Both A and B.14. The maxim of quality requireds: do not say what you believe to be _.A. falseB. trueC. briefD. orderly15. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to _.A. utterance meaningB.
8、 speech act theoryC. conversational implicaturesD. all of the above.16. The significance of Grices CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey _ is literally said.A. more thanB. less thanC. the same asD. none of the above.c1. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as
9、something intrinsic and inherent. 2. It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered. 3. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered. 4. The meaning
10、of an utterance is decontextualized， therefore stable utterances always take the form of complete sentences 5. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle. 6. Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressin
11、g the speakers intention.Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if necessary.1.How are semantics and pragmatics different from each other？2.How does a sentence differ from an utterance？3.Discuss in detail the locutionary act， illocutionary act a
12、nd perlocutionary act. 4. What are the representative approaches to Syntax and their main contents.5. What is semantic triangle, and explain it in detail.6. what are synonymy, antonumy, polysemy, homonymy, hyponymy. Explain them by details.7. what are entailment presupposition and semantic anomaly. Explain them by details and examples.FFFTTTFSentence, transformational, deep, coordinate, structure, grammatical, syntaxABADFFTTTTF【Keys】:1. A2. B3. D4. C5. B6. C7. B8. C9. A10. C11. B12. C13. D14. A15. C16. A