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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2011 年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclear B obvious C major D minor2 The sea turtles natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatly B suddenly C ge
2、nerally D slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructing B notifying C pushing D inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raise B pose C experience D handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignored B organized C caused D rec
3、eived6 Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours. A spend B take C last D stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic B happy C alone D busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shaking B turning C jumping D shouting9 A young man is being hailed a her
4、o tonight after rescuing two children.A reported B proved C praised D caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse. A anxious B sure C sad D afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. A give B attach C lose D understand12 Anderson le
5、ft the table, remarking that he had some work to do. A doubting B saying C thinking D knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. A maintained B recommended C considered D acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students
6、taking science courses. A relative B general C continuous D sharp15 She always finds fault with everything. A criticizes B simplifies C evaluates D examines第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Relieving the Pain Exercise may
7、 be the best treatment of chronic pain, say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising.The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this i
8、s often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work. Lumber (腰部的)pains are partly the price humans pay for taking thei
9、r forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽) , the bodys feel-good
10、 chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body. Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Sin
11、ce finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or series of different drugs. Its crazy, says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Stud
12、y of Pain. Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. Ive just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names. A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have
13、 undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity. In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercise, followed by an hour o
14、n exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi(太极) self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a half hours physiotherapy(理疗) a week in a traditional hospital program. The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence,
15、explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner that those subjected to more conservative treatment.16 To treat pain, patients should stop moving around. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 H
16、eadaches are partly caused by lack of exercise. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Backache sufferers often end u
17、p taking more than one drug to kill pain. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Exercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely. A Right B WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23
18、30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Owls and Larks(猫头鹰与云雀)1 In this article, we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight or more hours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place? We need slee
19、p for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associate these with previously learned things. If this process is interrupted by, say, the sound of an alarm clock, it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damaging is it? The tru
20、th is that its difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much sleep your body actually needs on that particular occasion.2 The popular belief that people are naturally either larks (early risers) or owls is false. The reason why people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle,
21、 age, and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through habit, for example, parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning.3 The main rea
22、son why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie, or computer game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quie
23、t at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learningan owls or a larks lifestyle? The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring maximum refreshment is
24、probably the secret.4 As for naps, experts on insomnia(失眠)argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours. Howev
25、er, if you are having problems getting to sleep at night, its not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine(尼古丁), do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them
26、from sleeping like a log, whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap, remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in.23 Paragraph 1 _
27、24 Paragraph 2 _25 Paragraph 3 _26 Paragraph 4 _A What should we avoid?B How much sleep do we need?C Which is better, being an owl or a lark?D Why do we need sleep?E What makes people owls or larks?F What helps us fall asleep? 27 Sleep helps brain to _.28 Parents with very young children tend to _29
28、 A good lifestyle means one can _.30 It is good advice for most people to _.A sleep enough to bring most refreshmentB keep away from coffee in the eveningC stay up till the early hours of the morningD get up quite earlyE store memories in the brainF rebuild memories stored during the day第4部分：阅读理解(第3
29、l45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones
30、are more than a means of communicationhaving a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile ph
31、ones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells
32、 of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget
33、the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer
34、is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones
35、 less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So fo
36、r now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A theyre popular B theyre useful C theyre convenient D theyre cheap32 The world detected in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A cured B removed C discovered D caused33 The salesm
37、an retired young because A he couldnt remember simple tasks B he disliked using mobile phones C he was tired of talking on his mobile phone D his employers doctor persuaded him to34. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies A hold that the amount of radiation is too small to
38、 worry about B deny the existence of mobile phone radiation C develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation D try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health35 The writers purpose of writing this article is to advise people A to buy mobile phones B to use mobile phones less often
39、 C to update regular phones D to stop using mobile phones第二篇 Immune Functions The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consulting o
40、f millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive(蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-omitt
41、ing.At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders (入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molec
42、ules that identify it as self. The bodys immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the a
43、bility to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗体)passed during lactation(授乳期), this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occu
44、rrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物) in which we live, learning necessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself inva
45、der.Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen (抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (过敏原)，which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a
46、virus, a bacterium, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual (except an identical win, whose cells carry identical self makers act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their pr