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1、定语从句定语从句Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause 定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词是用来修饰名词或代词的词,通常通常可以由形容词可以由形容词等来充当等来充当。a a beautiful beautiful schoolschool 形容词形容词 名词名词 somethingsomething importantimportant不定代词不定代词 形容词形容词 1.什么是定语从什么是定语从句句如果一个句子担任定语来修饰名词或代词，这个句子就叫定语从句。定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。定语从句修饰名词或代词时,通常位于名词或代词的后面.The
2、man who came first is John.(主语主语)(谓语谓语)(定语从句定语从句)先行词先行词who是关系词是关系词先行词先行词是指被修饰的是指被修饰的名词名词或或代词代词关系词关系词是指引导定语从句的词是指引导定语从句的词.可以分为可以分为关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词关系词作用:1.起连接作用2.替代先行词在定语从句中充当一定成分2.2.结结 构构3.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 起连词作用，本身又起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语表语或定语 即起连接作用，本即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状
3、语地点或原因状语who,whomWhoseWhichThat没有没有whatWhenWhereWhy没有没有how何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略先行词指人的定语从句1关系代词who替代指人的先行词，在定语从句中作主语注意：从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。He is the man who wants to see you.定语从句who wants to see you，who是关系代词替代先行词the man，在句中作主语。2.关系代词whom替代指人的先行词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略在口语中可用who代替whomI know the girl wh
4、om you talked to just now.定语从句 Whom you talked to just now关系词whom替代先行词the girl 在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。3关系代词thatThat替代指人的先行词 在定语从句中主语，宾语。做宾语时可以省略。Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?that is reading a magazine under the tree 定语从句替代先行词the man 在句中作主语The girl that we saw yesterday is Toms sis
5、terThat we saw yesterday 定语从句替代先行词the girl 在句中作宾语可以省略4关系代词whoseWhose 替代指人的先行词的所有格，翻译为“某人的”，在定语从句中做定语,后面接其 所修饰的名词.I have a friend whose father is a doctor.定语从句Whose father is a doctor 修饰先行词a friend;替代先行词 a friend的所有格,意为“朋友的”.先行词指人，使用关系代词的特殊情况1。先行词为指人的不定代词时，one，ones，none，anyone，somebody,those等，不用thatO
6、ne who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.Those who want to visit the museum must be at the gate by seven.2.在非限制性定语从句，不用thatI，who am going to Australia,am busy learning spoken English.3.先行词指人时，关系代词前有介词时，只能用whom，不能用who或thatThe man with whom he is talking is my classmate.4。当主句是以wh
7、o开头的特殊问句时，只能用that，不能用who或whomWho is the man that is driving the car?先行词指物的定语从句关系代词which，替代指物的先行词，在定语从句中作主语宾语，做宾语时可以省略Tom is reading a book which is too difficult for him.关系代词thatThat替代指物的先行词，在限制性定语从句中做主语宾语，做宾语时可以省略The train that has just left is for Shenzhou.Where is the book(that)I bought last week
8、.关系代词whose替代指物的先行词的所有格，表达“某物的”之意，在定语从句中做定语。Whose后接它所修饰的名词。指物时，whose=of whichWhose+名词=the+名词+of whichWho lived in a house whose window faces south.The classroom whose door is broken will be repaired.特殊情况1。先行词指物时，用that 而不用which的情况1。先行词为指物的不定代词（all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,one,much,li
9、ttle等）时，只能用that。All that we should do is useful to the people.We knew everything that was of great interest to us.2.先行词被不定代词以及the only,the very,the same,the last,any,few,little等词语修饰时，只能用that。I have read every book that you gave me.There is little water that can be used to water the flowers.3。先行词由序数词
10、或形容词最高级修饰或是形容词最高级转化的名词时，只能用thatThis is the most beautiful paiting that I have ever seen.The first book that he wrote in English is very popular.This is the best that has been used against pollution.4。先行词中既有人又有物时，只能用thatHe often talks of the teachers and schools that he visited in China.5.当主句是以which开
11、始的特殊问句时，只能用thatWhich composition that you have read is better?先行词指物用which而不用that的情况1。在非限制性定语从句中Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.2.定语从句修饰主句或 主句的时Tom won the first prize,which made his parents happy.3.关系代词之前有介词时The school in which Tom studied was very famous.关系副词when，why，
12、where引导的定语从句1。关系副词when引导的定语从句When 表示时间，其先行词是表示时间的名词（time，hour,day,year等）When在定语从句做时间状语，可用“介词+which”I still remember the day when I joined the Communist Party.(on which)Did you enjoy the days when we studied and lived in Amrican.(in which)I still remember the days _we studied together.I still remembe
13、r the days_we spent studying together.2。关系副词where引导的定语从句Where表示地点，其先行词是表示地点的名词（place，room,school,hill,country等）Where在定语从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+which”代替The house where Lu Xun once lived has become a place of interest.This is the house _he visited last year.This is the house _he lived last year.关系副词why引导的定语从句W
14、hy表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面，在定语从句中作原因状语固定句型the reason whyis thatI dont know the reason why he was late this morning.The reason _he made up was obviously false.I would like to know the reason _you changed the plan.4.定语从句分类1。限制性定语从句功能上对先行词起限制作用；是先行词不可缺少的定语，不可以省略；形式上定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开;先行词是名词或代词；限制性定语从句关系代词作宾语可
15、以省略。2。非限制系定语从句功能上对先行词附加说明；省去后不影响主句的意思；形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开;先行词是名词代词或者是短语或句子；非限制性定语从句关系词不可以省略。5.定语从句的做题原则方法一找先行词二带从句中三判作成分四选关系词6。As 用作关系代词引导的定语从句1主句中出现the same,as,such,so修饰先行词时，需用 as做关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。固定结构：the sameas;soas;suchas;asasHe is of the same age as you.I never heard such stories as he tells.Tak
16、e as many as you wantHere is so big a stone as no man can lift.注意：the same that与The same as 的区别The same as表示同一类的The same that表示就是那一个This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.2.as引导非限制性定语从句在引导非限制性定语从句中可以代替整个句子或一件事，在从句中作主语宾语或者表语,意为正如,就像;从句位置可置于主句之前或之后,有时也可
17、作为插入语至于句中,一般用逗号和主句隔开.As we all knowAs is well known As was expected As we all can seeAs we knowsoas中as必须在从句中担任成分（主语、宾语等），而从句就是我们熟悉的定语从句咯。sothat中的that 不能在从句中担任成分，只是单纯的先行词，从句也就不算定语从句了。目的状语从句.用sothat和soas填空Tom is _ good a student _ is often praised by the teacher.Jack is _ smart a boy _ he can work out
18、 difficult maths problems quickly.The way 为先行词的定语从句The way that/in which/空格The way in which/that/he answered the questions was surprising.One of+名词复数后接定语从句时，名词复数为先行词，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式The only/very one+名词复数后接定语从句时，one为先行词，故定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the only one
19、of my friends who is working hard在定语从句中关系代词that/who/which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应于句中先行词的数一致One of+名词复数后接定语从句时，名词复数为先行词，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式The only/very one+名词复数后接定语从句时，one为先行词，故定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard在定语从句中关系代词that/who/which
20、等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应于句中先行词的数一致 带介词的定语从句带介词的定语从句1.介词介词+which/whom 注意注意1.介词可以放于句末，关系代介词可以放于句末，关系代词可以省略词可以省略 2.固定短语介词不能提前固定短语介词不能提前2.数词数词/代词代词/名词名词/最高级最高级+介词介词+which/whom没有先行词要先加上先行词 the one/the ones1.Is this college _they went to last year?Athat Bwhat Cthe one Dthe one what2.Mr.Zhang gave the book to all th
21、e pupils except _who had already taken them.Asome Bones Cthe ones Dthe others3.The students were all intersted _you told them yesterday.A in which Bin that this C all that D in everything4.How do you like the film?Its quite diffreent from I read last year.A That B which C the one D the one what 1.Lo
22、ok at that lady_ name is Pochi.()2.He is a teacher_ I like very much.()3.Those _will go to the park stay here.()4.The man _came to our school is Mr.Wang.()5.The girl _I met is Lucy.()6.A child _parents are dead is called Tom.()练练 习习指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man _came to our schoo
23、l is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl _I met is Lucy.()3.A child _parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book _you bought yesterday.()主语主语宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语who(whom)whose(which)5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor.()6.I like the person to _you just talked.()7.We shall never forget the da
24、ys we spent together().8.We shall never forget the days _we lived together.()定语定语宾语宾语宾语宾语状语状语whosewhom(that)when 1.Look at that lady_ name is Pochi.2.He is a teacher_ I like very much.3.Those pictures_ were drawn by Tom are nice.4.Those _will go to the park stay here.5.That was all the money _I had.
25、6.Tom is the first boy_ left the room.7.Look at the boy and his dog_ are coming this way.8.You can read any book _I have.9.That was the year_ I went to America.10.we came to the town,_ we stayed for 2 hours.Key.1.whose 2.whom/that 3.which/that 4.who 5.that 6.that 7.that 8.that 9.when 10.where关系副词和先行
26、词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.I dont like the way that you speak.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=whyin the way=that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词(=on which)(=in which)(=
27、for which)(=in which)或或which1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when/in whichwhichwhere/in whichwhichwhy/for whichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词