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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高中英语各种变化规则总结（附高考真题考查示例）名词的复数1、 可数名词的复数变化规则1、一般情况加s book-books mouth-mouths house-houses girl-girls time-times(2014辽宁)change-changes(2014 I卷)hour-hours(2014 II卷改错) painting-paintings(2015 I卷) day-days(2016 I卷) year-years(2016 III卷改错)effect-effects(2017 I卷)parent-parents(2015 II卷改错)2、以s,
2、sh, ch, x结尾的加 es class-classes box-boxes match-matches注意：stomach的复数形式直接加 s3、以y结尾辅音字母+ y结尾的，变y为i加es city-cities country-countries party-parties study-studies(2016 II卷)enemy-enemies(2016江苏)元音字母+y结尾的，直接加s day-days(2016 I卷) boy-boys key-keys toy-toys4、以o结尾少数（4个），加es Negroes heroes potatoes tomatoes其他，加s
3、 radios zoos bamboos pianos kilos photos5、以f或fe 结尾多数，变f或fe为ves thief wife wolf leaf knife life half shelf loaf selfThe thiefs wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.其他，加s belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs二、不规则的复数变化ox-oxen child-children foot-feettooth-t
4、eeth goose-geese mouse-mice louse-lice man-men woman-women Englishman-Englishmen Dutchman-Dutchmen 注意：Germans, Americans, Russians英语中的某些外来词，其复数变化很特殊：phenomenon-phenomena现象 penny-pennies/pence便士 formula-formulae公式 bacterium-bacteria细菌 medium-media媒体 datum-data资料 crisis-crises危机 basis-bases基础 thesis-t
5、heses论文 三、单复同形deer, sheep, fish（条数）, bison（野牛）, works（工厂）people（人）, series（系列）, species（种类）Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, means, crossroads, headquarters（总部）spacecraft, aircraftin the 1980s 或1980s 在二十世纪八十年代形容词变副词1、一般情况，直接加ly quick-quickly actual-actually(2014 I卷) regular-regularly(2015 I卷) official-offic
6、ially(2016 I卷) serious-seriously(2015 I卷改错) gradual-gradually(2016 III卷) free-freely(2016 III卷改错) recent-recently(2016江苏) slow-slowly(2015 II卷) wonderful-wonderfully(2014 I卷改错) sudden-suddenly(2014 II 卷) helpful-helpfully(2014 II卷改错) soft-softly(2014辽宁)2、以y结尾的，且读音为/i/，先将y改成i，再加-ly;若读音为/ai/，则直接加-ly.
7、happy-happily lucky-luckily heavy-heavily,angry-angrily,busy-busily,dry-dryly,shy-shyly.steady-steadily(2016 I卷改错)3、以e结尾元音加e结尾，去e加ly true-truly辅音加e结尾，直接加ly polite-politely fortunate-fortunately immediate-immediately4、以l结尾一个l结尾的，直接加ly careful-carefully wonderful-wonderfully两个l结尾的，直接加y5、以le结尾的，去e加y po
8、ssible-possibly terrible-terribly（2015 II卷改错） gentle-gently simple-simply6、以ic结尾的词，加-ally，如：economic-economically,scientific-scientifically,energetic-energetically.7、特殊的副词变形good-well注意：1、以ly结尾的形容词friendly, lovely, weekly, timely, lively, lonely, likely, deadly, ugly, silly2、 fast, early, straight既是形
9、容词又是副词，不加ly。例如：He runs fast. Can you give me a fast answer?3、有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式，但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意。例如：（1）不加ly的副词表示具体，加ly表示抽象。wide（形容词，宽阔的，睁大的）-wide（副词，睁大地）-widely（副词，广泛地）high（形容词，高的）-high（副词，高地）-highly（副词，高度地）close（形容词，近的，亲密的）-close（副词，近地）-closely（副词，紧密地）deep（形容词，深的）-deep（副词，深地）-deeply（副词，深度地）
10、（2）两种副词完全不同。late（形容词，晚的）-late（副词，晚地）-lately（副词，最近）hard（形容词，困难的）-hard（副词，努力地）-hardly（副词，几乎不）most（形容词，多数的）-most（副词，最）-mostly（副词，主要地）just（形容词，公正的，恰当的）-just（副词，恰好）-justly（副词，公正地）比较级和最高级一、规则变化1、一般情况，加er est small-smaller-smallest short-shorter-shortest great-greater(2016 II卷) clean-cleaner(2014 I卷)2、以不发音
11、的e结尾，加-r -st large-larger-largest nice-nicer-nicest 3、重读闭音节，双写辅音字母加er estbig-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest fat-fatter-fattest thin-thinner-thinnest sad-sadder-saddest wet-wetter-wettest4、以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变i加er esteasy-easier-easiest heavy-heavier-heaviest busy-busier-busiest happy-happier-happiest5、多
12、音节词或以ful, less, able, ous, ing, ed, ive结尾，在前面加more mostbeautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful different-more different-most differentcrowded-more crowded-most crowded dangerous-more dangerous-most dangerous二、不规则变化good/ well-better-best bad/ ill-worse-worstoldolder/ elderoldest/ eldest many/ much-mo
13、re-mostlittle-less-least far-further/ farther-furthest/ farthest动词的第三人称单数变化规则1、 一般情况，直接加-s works gets reads look-looks(2014 II卷改错)2、以ch, sh, s, x 或 以o 结尾，加-es wash-washes catch-catches do-does go-goes（2015 II 卷）3、 以辅音字母加y结尾，把 y变i加-es study-studies try-tries carry-carries fly-flies以元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s sta
14、ys says plays现在分词和动名词的变化规则1、一般情况，直接加ing going playing knowing wear-wearing(2016 III卷改错) hold-holing(2014辽宁)2、以不发音的e结尾，去e再加ing arrive-arriving come-coming make-making introduce-introducing(2016 I卷)use-using(2016 III卷以及2015 II卷) care-caring(2016江苏) live-living(2015 I卷) amaze-amazing(2014 I卷)3、以重读闭音节结尾
15、，双写辅音字母再加ing run-running swim-swimming put-putting sit-sitting begin-beginning plan-planning cut-cutting get-getting shop-shopping chat-chatting stop-stopping regret-regretting 4、 以ie结尾，把ie变y加ing tie-tying die-dying lie-lying5、其他 ski-skiing 过去式和过去分词的变化规则1、 一般情况，直接加ed worked played wanted actedallow-
16、allowed(2016 I卷)conduct-conducted(2015 I卷) call-called(2014辽宁)2、以不发音的e 结尾，直接加d lived moved（2016江苏 改错）arrive-arrived(2015 I卷) decided declined hoped raised 3、以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变i加ed study-studied try-tried copy-copied cry-cried 以元音字母加y结尾，直接加ed stayed played 4、重读闭音节，双写辅音字母加ed stopped begged dropped planned steppedprefer-preferred（更喜欢）infer-inferred（推断）refer-referred（提及；指；参考）occur-occurred（发生）regret-regretted（后悔）control-controlled（控制）permit-permitted（允许）（2016 I卷）equip-equipped（装备）注意：offer-offered（提供） suffer-suffered（遭受）专心-专注-专业