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1、关系代词引导的定语从句定 语 从 句1、定语从句及其相关概念、定语从句及其相关概念2、关系代词引导的定语从句、关系代词引导的定语从句3、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句4、关系副词引导的定语从句、关系副词引导的定语从句5、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句6、由、由as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 一、定语从句及相关概念 1、在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句（The Attributive Clause).3、关系词(Relatives)：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句
2、中担任一定的成分。2、先行词（Antecedent)：被定语从句所修饰的词。关系代词引导的定语从句The attributive clause or not?Criteria1、从句是否紧跟在一名词或代词之后。2、关系词是否代先行词，在从句中担任一定的成分。关系代词引导的定语从句The girl(who is standing there)is Mary.Relative pronounantecedentThe girl is Mary./She is standing there.How to combine two sentences into an attributive clause
3、?How to combine two sentences into an attributive clause?1、找准主句，并确定先行词。2、找准关系词，来代替先行词Practice:The boy is Tom.He sits in frontThe boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.of me.The boy(The boy(who who sits in front of me)is Tom.sits in front of me)is Tom.The teacher will give us a speech.The teacher will gi
4、ve us a speech.We met the teacher yesterday.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(The teacher(whomwhom we we met yesterday)will met yesterday)will give us a speech.give us a speech.Practice:Do you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Do you find the p
5、en Do you find the pen(which which I I wrote with just wrote with just now)?now)?Do you find the pen(Do you find the pen(with whichwith which I wrote just I wrote just now)?now)?关系词（关系词（Relatives)：关系代词：关系代词+关系副词关系副词Relative Pronouns:Relative Adverbs:Which,that,who,whom,whose,asWhen,where,why关系代词引导的定
6、语从句关系代词引导的定语从句二、由关系代词引导的定语二、由关系代词引导的定语 从句从句1.先行词和关系代词在从句中担任的语法成分先行词和关系代词在从句中担任的语法成分2、Introduction to attributive clauses(Page 8)关系代词引导的定语从句Exercises:Exercises:指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成分：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成分：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents
7、 are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语主语宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语关系代词引导的定语从句6.I like the person to whom you just talked.()7.We shall never forget the days(that)we spent together.()8.We shall never forget the days when we lived together.()Exercises:介宾介宾宾语宾语状语状语关系代词引导的定语从句 The
8、girl The girl who/thatwho/that is standing there is Mary.is standing there is Mary.She is the girl She is the girl who/whom/thatwho/whom/that I met that day.I met that day.The doctor The doctor to to whomwhom she sent her friend is very famous.she sent her friend is very famous.（1）指人的关系代词：）指人的关系代词：w
9、ho/that(主语主语)who/whom/that（宾语（宾语,可省略）可省略）结论：1、关系代词前有介词，只能用whom指代人,作介词的宾语。2、指人时,更多用who/whom，that较少用。3、做宾语的关系代词可省略。4、作宾语时，用whom较who正式关系代词引导的定语从句为以下情况时，只用为以下情况时，只用为以下情况时，只用为以下情况时，只用who,who,who,who,不用不用不用不用thatthatthatthata.当先行詞是当先行詞是those/she/he /they 等代詞时等代詞时,关系代詞用关系代詞用who.Those who were late for clas
10、s raise your hands.He who doesnt go to the Great Wall is not a true man.关系代词引导的定语从句b.b.在在there be there be 开头的句中用开头的句中用whowho指人指人vThere is a man who wants to see you at the school gate.为以下情况时，只用为以下情况时，只用为以下情况时，只用为以下情况时，只用that,that,that,that,不用不用不用不用whowhowhowho在以who开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复Who is the girl tha
11、t is crying?关系代词引导的定语从句（2）指物的关系代词：）指物的关系代词：which/that(主语主语/宾语宾语)Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?These are the trees which/that were planted last year.This recorder（which/that）he is using ismade in Japan.Tips:1、介词后，关系代词只用which.2、做宾语可以省略。3、指物时，较多用which，较少that.关系代词引导的定语从句为以下情况时，只用为以下情况时
12、，只用that,that,不用不用whichwhicha.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词 all,few,little,much,everything，anything，nothing,none,etc。e.g.Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen.e.g.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.b.先行词被先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some 等修饰时。等修饰时。关系代词引导的定语从句d.先行词被先行词被the only，the
13、 very，the last 修饰时，用修饰时，用that。c.先行词先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。e.g.This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.e.g.He is the very person(that)I want to see at the present.关系代词引导的定语从句e.先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.We talked about the things and persons th
14、at we saw then.e.g.Last summer holiday,I went back to my hometown,only to find the neighbours and houses that I used to be familiar with were gone.关系代词引导的定语从句f.在以which开头的的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，用that.g.主句以there be 开头，先行词指物.Which of the books that were borrowed from the library is yours?There is a seat in the
15、corner that is still free.关系代词引导的定语从句（3）whose 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作定语定语，表示引，表示引导词与导词与 whose 后的后的名词为所属关系名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物。多指人，也可指物。Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.关系代词引导的定语从句 .情况：（4）关系代词的省略.条件：只在限
16、定性定语从句中可省略。a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾e.g.：Here is the man that you have been looking for.关系代词引导的定语从句 c.当 先行词是way时，引导词为 in which/that,此时，关系代词省略。e.g.：I dont like the way(that/in which)you talk to me.e.g.:The headmaster praised the way(that/in which)he walked.关系代词引导的定语从句三、介词三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系
17、代词引导的定语从句The woman to whom my brother spoke just now is my teacher.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League.Do you know the reason for which he was late?介词后的关系代词只能是whom，指人；或者是which,指物。不能是that.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句方法一：方法一：一、根据定一、根据定语语从句中从句中谓语动词谓语动词的需要来确定介的需要来确定介词词。如：如：1She paid the man from who
18、m she had borrowed some money(=She paid the manShe had borrowed some money from him)（borrow sthfrom sb意思是意思是“向某人借向某人借东东西西”。）。）2In the dark street,there Wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.(NMET 1992)（turn to sbfor help意思是意思是“求某人帮助求某人帮助”）在在这这一句式一句式结结构中，句中的介构中，句中的介词词是与从句的是与从句的谓语动词谓语动
19、词有一定的搭有一定的搭配关系。介配关系。介词词可用于关系代可用于关系代词词之前，但先行之前，但先行词词若指人，关系代若指人，关系代词词必必须须用用whom，不能用，不能用who或或that；若指物必；若指物必须须用用which，不能用，不能用that。介。介词词也可以置于从句也可以置于从句谓语动词谓语动词之后。之后。这时这时，句中关系代，句中关系代词词用用who，whom，that均可，指物可用均可，指物可用which或或that，并均可省略。例如：，并均可省略。例如：The middle-aged woman to whom I spoke just now is my English te
20、acher(=The middle aged womanwho/whom/thatI spoke to just now is my English teacher)介词加关系代词引导的定语从句二、根据定语从句的先行词的需要来确定介词。1He will never forget the day on which he joined the party.（on the day在那天）2Last Sunday my aunt bought me a telescope through which I could study the sky（through a telescope透过望远镜）三、根据
21、定语从句中的形容词的需要来确定介词。如：China is a large country with a long history of which we are greatly proud（be/feel proud of以为自豪）关系代词引导的定语从句 四、若表示“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”，则用介词of。如：1I live in this room,the window of which faces south(=I live in this room,whose window faces south)（表示“所有关系”）2There are over 3,000 workers in
22、 that factory,eighty-five percent of whom are women=There are,and 85 of them are women（表示“整体中的一部分”）3China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan(=China has hundreds of islands and the largest of them is Taiwan)五、根据定语从句句意的需要来确定介词。如：Zhang Jia,with whom I went to the museum yesterday af
23、ternoon,enjoyed herself very much关系代词引导的定语从句注意注意:但含有介词的短语动词一般不能但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开拆开,如如look after,be made of,take part in,look forward to等。等。例：例：The babies(who/whom)the nurses look after look strong and happy.There is a great pain in my right foot,because of which I can only limp along.They arrived at
24、a farmhouse,in front of which sat an old man.关系代词引导的定语从句Exercises:Exercises:1.The speed _which you drive your car mustnt be too high.2.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_ which is bright and nice.3.The little girl is reading a book,_ which there are many pictures.4.What were the things_wh
25、ich he was not too sure?atofinabout介词加关系代词引导的定语从句四、关系副词引导的定语从句：四、关系副词引导的定语从句：when,where,why在从句中做状语在从句中做状语关系副词引导的定语从句when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”
26、。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which关系副词引导的定语从句why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+for+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.for which关系副词引导的定语从句1,The house,_ was destroyed in the terrible fire,has been repaired.A the roof of which B which roof C the
27、 roof of whose D that roof2,I decided to write about Chaplin,one of _ films I had seen several years before.A whose B whom C that D which关系代词引导的定语从句3,There are two small rooms in the house,_ serves as a kitchen.A the smaller of which B the small of which C the smaller of them D the smaller one4,He f
28、ell from his horse,as a result of _ he could not go to work.A that B which C whose D whom关系代词引导的定语从句5,The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.A of which B which of C of them D of that6,American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can
29、talk frequently.A who B as C about which D with whom关系代词引导的定语从句7,The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.A of which B during which C from which D for which8,I work in a business_ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A how B which C where
30、D that 关系代词引导的定语从句9,Luckily,wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A it B that C this D which10,A fast food restaurant is the place,_,just as the name suggests,eating is performed quickly.A which B where C there D what关系代词引导的定语从句五、限制性定语从句（五、限制性定语从句（Restrictive Clause)Restrictive
31、 Clause)和非限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(Non-Restrictive Clause)(Non-Restrictive Clause)The man who came here yesterday has come again.My sister,who is twenty,works in a bank.1.指物时，只能用which引导非限制性定语从句，不能用that;指人时，只能用who/whom 2.which不但指物，还可指代整个主句.限制性和非限制性定语从句e.g.She married John,which was unnatural.e.g.The earth go
32、es around the sun,which is a truth.e.g.He has to work on Sundays,which he doesnt like.e.g.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,which of course made the others jealous.限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 (Restrictive Clause)是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
33、如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。形式上，形式上，主句和从句写时不用逗号分开。主句和从句写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 （Non-Restrictive Clause)和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。形式上，逗号分开。形式上，逗号分开。限制性和非限制性从句六、由as 引导的定语从句e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.e.
34、g.I have the same plan as you have.由as引导的定语从句Homework:Homework:as 和which都可以引导非限制性的定语从句，两者区别在哪？由as引导的定语从句1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C.和谁讲话”要说speak to sb.本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A.which是关系代词，在从句中
35、作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C.解析同第5题。7.A.解析见第3题。8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10.A.with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is
36、 writing with a pen.关系代词引导的定语从句11.C.in front of which 即即in front of a farmhouse.In front of which在从句中作状语在从句中作状语.12.D.with whom引导定语从句引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句引导定语从句,在从句中作主语在从句中作主语family的定语的定语.14.A.that引导定语从句引导定语从句,因为先行词是因为先行词是all,所以只能选用所以只能选用tha
37、t引导引导.15.D.the same.as是固定用法是固定用法,as引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,可以作主语可以作主语,宾语或表语宾语或表语.在本句在本句话中话中,as作从句的主语作从句的主语.16.D.such as是固定用法是固定用法,as引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,可以作主语可以作主语,宾语或表语宾语或表语.在本题中在本题中,as作表语作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语
38、、宾语。从句可放在主句在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语作宾语.18.B.Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或或the sameas固定搭配，其中固定搭配，其中such和和same修修饰其后的名词，饰其后的名词，as为关系
39、代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时修饰单数名词时,要用要用such a.,本题中本题中such books,such直接修饰复直接修饰复数名词数名词.20.B.things和和persons是先行词是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词又表示物的名词时时,其关系代词要用其关系代词要用that.关系代词引导的定语从句21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语作从句的主语.22.C
40、.two thirds of whom 即即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23.D.先行词先行词person后有两个定语从句后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为因为,whom作从句中作从句中met的宾语的宾语,可以省略可以省略.第二个从句第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语在从句中作主语,不可省略不可省略.24.A.whose title引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成也可以说成the title of which25.A.for which 引导
41、定语从句引导定语从句,使用介词使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以以.而闻名而闻名.26.C.当先行词被当先行词被such修饰时修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句在本从句中作主语中作主语.27.A.两个先行词两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词从句中作动词spent的宾语的宾语,因
42、此要用关系代词因此要用关系代词which或或that来引导定语从句来引导定语从句.28.D.在在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替来代替“in(或其他介词或其他介词)+which”、when或或where，而，而that常可省略。常可省略。29.D.for which在定语从句中作原因状语在定语从句中作原因状语,可用可用why 来替代来替代.30.B.which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句构成一个非限制性定语从句.关系代词引导的定语从句31.A.The reason why was t
43、hat.已成为一种固定句型，这一已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的句中的why和和that不能随意换位，也不能将不能随意换位，也不能将that改成改成because，尽，尽管管that这个词在译文中可能有这个词在译文中可能有“因为因为”的含义。的含义。32.B.非限制性定语从句常用非限制性定语从句常用which引导引导,which表示前句话的整表示前句话的整个含义个含义.33.A.解释见解释见28题题.34.D.主句中的主句中的two表明不能选表明不能选A.从句中的从句中的are表明不能选表明不能选B.both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句用来引导非限制性定语从句.35.C.as引导定
44、语从句时通常构成引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或或the sameas固定固定搭配，其中搭配，其中such和和same修饰其后的名词，修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中语。本题中as作从句的主语作从句的主语.36.B.非限制性定语从句常用非限制性定语从句常用which引导引导,which表示前句话的整表示前句话的整个含义个含义.37.D.38.D.解析见解析见35题题.39.A.he makes是定语从句是定语从句,从句前省略了关系代词从句前省略了关系代词
45、that.40.B.which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句.关系代词引导的定语从句41.A.what happened是宾语从句是宾语从句.all 之后之后that he knew是定语从句是定语从句.先行词是先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用所以关系代词只能用that.42.D.years是表示时间的名词是表示时间的名词,用用when引导定语从句引导定语从句,是因为是因为when在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语.第二个空选用第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句引导一个非限制性定语从句.43.C.本句话的定语从句是本句话的定语从句是who o
46、wn cars.其先行词是其先行词是people,因此因此,定语从句的定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是。本句话主句的主语是The number of指指“.的数目的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。44.D.that followed是定语从句，关系代词是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。在从句中作主语。45.A.先行词先行词gas被被only修饰，关系代词要用修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用，而不用which。46.B.through which引导定语从句，引导定语从句，through
47、which即即through the hole,在定语在定语从句中作状语。从句中作状语。What引导的是引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。47.B.为便于理解，改写本句话：为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week.不难看出，作表语的不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。是先行词。that引导了定语从引导了定语从句，因为句，因为that同时又作同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。48
48、.A.解释见解释见35题。题。49.C.因为是因为是two ballpens,并且定语从句的谓语并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，是单数概念。因此，C是是正确选项。正确选项。50.B.本句话中，主句的主语是本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。关系代词引导的定语从句已知函数已知函数f(x)=x2-4x+a+3,g(x)=mx+5-2m,当当a=0时，对时，对任意的任意的x11,4,总存在总存在x21,4,使使f(x
49、1)=g(x2）成立，）成立，求求m的范围。的范围。当当a=0时时，f(x)=x2-4x+3 ,g(x)=mx+5-2m即即 x2-4x+3=mx+5-2m 在在1,4上有实数解上有实数解 的问题的问题整理得整理得 h(x)=x2-(4+m)x+2m-2=0 在在1,4上有实数上有实数 所以所以 1中情况为中情况为 当对称轴当对称轴(4+m)/2小于等于小于等于1时时 即即 m小于等于小于等于-2时时 h(1)*h(4)小于等于小于等于0 解得解得 m大于等于大于等于5或或m小于等于小于等于-1 这种情况下这种情况下m取小于等于取小于等于-2 2种情况为种情况为 当对称轴当对称轴(4+m)/2
50、大于等于大于等于4时时 即即 m大于等于大于等于4时时 h(1)*h(4)小于等于小于等于0 解得解得 m大于大于5或或m小于等于小于等于-1 这种情况下这种情况下m取大取大于等于于等于5 3种情况为种情况为 当对称轴当对称轴(4+m)/2大于等于大于等于1小于等于小于等于4时时 即即m大于等于大于等于-2小于等于小于等于4时时 （4+m）2-4(2m-2)=m2+24恒大于恒大于0 所以所以 m大于等于大于等于-2小于等于小于等于4 能满足条件能满足条件 综上所述综上所述 m的取值范围是的取值范围是m小于等于小于等于4或或m大于等于大于等于5关系代词引导的定语从句f(4)=a+3 f(2)=