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1、精品文档高中英语阅读技巧及专题训练含答案一、题型知识短文的体裁涉及记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等；题材涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、教育、新闻报道、人物故事、科技信息、海外风情等；每段短文后一般设计 4 道试题，最多的有 5 道题，最少的设计 3 道题。纵观历年高考英语试题，英语阅读理解主要从以下 5 个方面来考查考生的英语阅读理解能力：1. 事实细节题。这类题主要考查考生对英语文章事实细节的掌握情况。它又分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中的找到对应的词或短语，
2、但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲出答案来。细节类试题的提问方式很多而且灵活，提问的对象涉及短文中的时间、距离、数量或原因、结果、方式等具体的细节，有的需要先进行计算才能得出答案，有的先要找出文章的相应局部才能得出答案，也有的要把文章中所有的相关细节全部找出来才能得出答案。常用的提问句型有：What does the author say in?According to the passage, where / when / why / how / who?What is the reason for?Which of the following is (NOT) tr
3、ue?Which of the following is (NOT) mentioned?The writer mentioned all of the following EXCEPT2. 推理判断题。这类题不仅考查考生对文章中某些句子字面意思的理解，而且还考查对句子间逻辑关系的理解、对事物开展结果的推导。这方面的出题多、难度大，考生可得小心。其提问的常用方式有：What does the author think about?What can be inferred / concluded from?What do you thinkaccording to the passage?Acc
4、ording to the writer, which of the following is right?3. 词义猜想题和语义理解题。这类题主要考查考生对英语文章中生词的解释意义、代词的指代意义及短语或句子的含义。其常见的提问方式有：What does the writer mean by saying “?What does the word / phrase“ in Paragraphmean?Which of the following can replace the word / phrase “ in Paragraph?From the passage we can infer
5、 that the word / phrase “ is4. 主旨大意题。这类题主要考查考生对文章中心思想、段落大意的归纳、总结及概括能力。其提问的方式常有：The title of this passage should beWhich of the following can be the title of this passage?What is the main idea of this passage?What does the writer mainly tell us in this passage?5. 观点态度题。这类题主要考查考生对作者在文章中所表露出来的观点、感情、态度、
6、目的、意图的理解。考生要能够从文章的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等。其提问的常见方式有：What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?What is the writers attitude towards?What does the writer think?What is the purpose of the writer in this passage?二、词汇知识词汇是语言的重要组成局部，是进行阅读的根底。因此，考生首先要掌握必要的英语词汇：新课标对高中毕业的词汇要求是：运用词汇阅读理解和表达不同的功能、意图和
7、态度等；运用词汇描述比拟复杂的事物、行为和特征，说明概念等；学会使用 3,000 个单词和 400500 个习惯用语和固定搭配。新课标词汇表共收集英语词汇 3,300 个，短语 360 个。其次，不仅要熟悉这些单词常见的词性和根本意义，而且还要了解单词的转类及引申意义。如果考生只知道 question 和 head 分别作名词，根本意思分别是“问题和“头，脑袋。那么对句子 Father questioned his daughter where she was heading when he saw her 中 question 和 head 就不能理解，从而造成句子理解错误。最后，还要了解词
8、缀的意义、认识常见的首字母缩略词。当我们认识like 时，就要知道 dislike 和 unlike 的词性和意义区别；在认识 able 后，也要了解 disable 和 unable 词性和意义的不同。如果把 He is unable to get here today 理解为“他今天到这里时残疾了就大错特错了。因此，正确掌握词汇知识，是正确理解的保证。三、语法知识英语跟汉语不一样，英语的语法形式表示着重要的意义。如果对语法形式理解错误，势必引起对句子的理解错误，因此，考生在阅读理解中必须注意以下几点：1. 冠词的有无：一般说来，可数单数名词前须加冠词，而不可数名词、专有名词前通常不能加冠词
9、。有些名词前加冠词和不加冠词意义不同，如：go to church 与 go to the church，前者指“去做礼拜，而后者指“去教堂；word 和 a word，前者意思为“信息，消息，后者意思是“一个单词，一句话。因此，在阅读中不能无视冠词的有无。2. 名词的数：可数名词的数量超过“一时，名词要用复数形式。然而，有些可数名词的单复数形式的意义不一样，不可数名词转为可数名词的复数时，意义也不相同。如：(a) manner与 manners，前者指“风格，手法，后者指“礼貌；rain 与 rains，前者指“雨水，而后者指“一阵阵的雨。3. 代词的意义：代词指代人、事或物，但是在具体的语
10、境中，究竟指代什么呢？考生不可掉以轻心，而应该根据上下文来弄清楚它的意义。如果把句子 She gave me an interesting book yesterday, which is written by E.E. Cummings 中的 which 理解为指 yesterday或前面整个句子的内容，显然就不正确4. 动词的时态、语态和语气：英语阅读中必须特别注意文章中的时态、语态和语气，因为，它们的形式分别代表着特别的意义。如 I didnt know English 就说明“我过去不懂英语，言外之意，现在对英语已经略知一二；如句子 If I had been told about t
11、his, I wouldnt have done such a foolish thing 为虚拟语气，内容与事实相反，说明“原来没有人告诉我这件事，于是我做了一件如此愚蠢的事情。5. 情态动词的意义：情态动词虽然不能单独充当句子的成分，但是决不能小看。它们在不同的语境中所表示的意义有区别。如：He must have gone to bed, for the lights in his house are all off 中的 must 只能是表示推测，说明自己一个人的看法；而在 She is very rebellious. When her father tells her to do
12、something in this way, she must do it in another way 中，must 又表示“于说话人愿望相反和不耐烦，意思是“偏要，偏偏。6. 非谓语动词的意义：非谓语动词非常复杂，阅读理解中，更要小心。如不定式和动词的 -ing 形式都能表结果，而不定式只能表示一种意外的结果；而动词的 -ing 形式表示事物开展的正常的结果。在与谓语动词的关系上，不定式所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动作之后；动词的 -ing 形式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词的动作之前；而 -ed的形式那么表示在谓语动作之前。7. 形容词、副词的理解：(1) 注意形容词与副词同
13、形情况的理解。英语中有些词既可作形容词又可作副词，但在句子中的意义和作用不一样，在阅读理解过程中必须注意。如：close 作形容词时，意思是“亲密的，紧密的；作副词时，意思是“靠近，接近。hard 作形容词时，意思是“坚硬的，猛烈的；作副词时，意思是“努力地，使劲地。(2) 注意形容词、副词的级的理解。形容词、副词的级有时并不表示级的意义，在阅读理解中也应留心。如：no more than 意为“仅，只，相当于 only；not more than 意为“至多 ，相当于 at most；在“a most + adj. / adv. + n.结构中，most 意为“非常，相当于 very 等。(
14、3) 注意对词尾有无 -ly 的形容词、副词的理解。一般说来，有 -ly 的是副词，但是，lovely, lively, friendly, manly 等都是形容词；有时，不管词尾有无 -ly，它都是副词，只不过有 -ly时，修饰抽象概念，无 -ly 时，修饰具体的概念，如：high 与 highly，deep 与 deeply 等；而 hard 和 hardly都是副词，意思却完全不同，前者表示“剧烈，猛烈；努力，后者的意思是“几乎不，相当于 almost not。8. 介词的理解：英语中介词是由古英语中的动词演变而来，不同的介词跟某个名词搭配，有不同的意思。如 in school 与 a
15、t school，前者表示“(在)受教育，后者意思是“在学校读书，学习；in the sun 的意思是“在太阳底下，在阳光下，under the sun 的意思是“天下，世界上；到底；究竟等。在做阅读理解的过程中可不要搞混了。9. 连接词、引导词的作用：连接词、引导词不仅连接句子，也表示前后两句的某种关系。如 but 连接两个句子时，表示后面句子跟前面句子的意思相反；while 连接两个句子时，表示前后两个句子的比照；for 连接句子时，只能放在前一句的后面，补充说明前面句子所发生事情的原因；because 引导原因状语从句，表示事情发生的原因，句子的位置非常灵活；而 since, as 引导
16、状语从句，位于句首时，也可表示事情发生的原因等等，考生在英语阅读中都要注意。10. 句子结构。从一个句子中所含的主谓结构的多少来看，英语中句子分为简单句和复合句；从句子的功能来看，英语句子分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句；从句子的结构来看，英语句子可以分为正常语序句、倒装句、强调句、省略句等。四、文体及结构知识高考中的英语阅读短文的文件一般有 4 种，即记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。在写法上它们都有各自的写作方法和结构特点。1. 记叙文：记叙文又分为 3 类：记事文、记人文和景物描写文。记事文。这类文章首先一般要交代一件事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(
17、what)，然后再进行分析这件事情发生的原因(why)及发生的过程(how)。因此，对于这类文章，我们只要抓住了这五个“W和一个“H就行了。记人文，即人物传记。这类文章一般是采用倒述的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)所干的一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后是作者对他(她)的评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的感情。景物描写文。一般用来记述在某时、某地所见的事物及心里面的感受。这类文章一般按照时间或空间的顺序来记述，并且有时还夹插作者心里面的想法和感受。它好似我们中文中的散文，从外表上来看，没有中心或主题，只有通读
18、全文后，仔细思考、归纳总结才会找出主题或中心来，从而进一步看清作者的目的、意图及心情。2. 说明文：说明文通常是用来对事物的情况进行描绘或对某种观点、理论进行解释，从而使人们明白事理或掌握某种方法技巧。在文章中，作者一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象，然后从时间先后、空间顺序、用途、方法、手段、事例或进行的步骤等各方面进行描绘或解释。3. 议论文：议论文就是用来对人或事物的好坏、是非发表意见和看法。作者总是先提出一个论点，接着对这个论点进行正反分析，逻辑推理或列举事例加以论证，然后得出结论。它一般分为立论和驳论两种，在立论中，摆事实、讲道理，论证其观点的可行性、正确性；在驳论中，作者首先提出一个不
19、正确的论点，然后用事实、道理对它逐点进行驳斥，来证明它是错误的、行不通的，再得出正确的结论。4. 应用文：应用文是日常生活中用来传播信息的一种文体。这类文章除用文字外，有的用图形，有的用表格。如：通知、广告、海报、书信、启事、便条、收据、借条和物品说明书等。这类文章有 3 个显著的特点：一是词汇较偏僻；二是语言也不标准；三是句子结构不完整，阅读起来确实困难。但是，它们一般属于应用文，告诉人们消息、方法、途径等内容。五、文化背景知识文化背景包括政治、经济、社会、科学技术、天气情况、地理环境、人物的性格特点及知识水平等各个方面。如果背景知识丰富，阅读起来轻而易举；如果背景知识贫乏，阅读起来就感到困
20、难，甚至理解不了。例如让同学们阅读一篇关于“水门汀事件或“伊朗门事件方面的英语文章，如果同学们对这两件事情的背景不清楚，阅读起来就会摸不着头脑。由此可见，文化背景知识是进行阅读理解的助手，考生一定要注意平时的积累。六、生活经验常识阅读理解的能力一般随着生活经验的丰富而不断提高。例如由于小孩还没有成年人的知识和经验，他们还看不懂成年人的文章，他们自然也就不喜欢成年人的读物；人们对于自己所经历的事情一看就能明白，读起来也就有兴趣，而对于陌生领域的文章就感到困难。因此，同学们在平时要多积累生活经验。七、习语及固定搭配知识每一种语言都有自己的习惯用语和固定搭配。一般情况下，这些用语和固定搭配是不能单从
21、字面上来理解的，英语也是如此。如 eat ones words的意思并不是“食言，说话不算数而是“收回前言，为说错话而抱歉；break ones words 的意思才是“食言，失言。又如，如果把 have words with sb理解为“跟某人谈话，那么就错了，它的意思是“跟某人吵嘴；而 have a word / talk with sb 的意思才是“跟某人谈话。因此，这就要求同学们在平日的英语学习中必须进行广泛的阅读，积累、掌握英语中的习语及固定搭配。八、学科综合知识高考英语阅读理解方面的短文不仅包括社会生活、政治经济、文化教育各方面的知识，而且也包括历史、地理、物理、化学、生物、电脑技
22、术、音乐、美术等各学科方面的知识。如果某学科的知识贫乏，势必会影响对这方面的短文的理解。因此，学好各学科的知识，对各学科知识的综合运用，是提高英语阅读理解能力的有效途径。A Once upon a time， there were two sheep. One was a small sheep， so small. It has a soft voicebaa！ The other was a big sheep， so big. It has a loud voiceBAA！ The two sheep are brothers. Every day， Big Sheep and Smal
23、l Sheep would go out to the fields to play together and to look for grass to eat. One morning， as always，the two sheep went out. Big Sheep and Small Sheep gambolled跳跃 out to the fields to look for grass to eat. Now it has not been raining for many days and most of the grass had dried up. Big Sheep a
24、nd Small Sheep gambolled for a long time but they could not find any green grass to eat. Their feet were tired and they could no longer gambol. So they walked. They walked and walked from morning until afternoon but there were no green grass. As far as they could see all the green grass had become b
25、rown. The sun was getting hotter. Big Sheep and Small Sheep were tired，hungry and thirsty. But they continued walking and soon they came to a river. They lowered their heads and lapped up some water with their tongues. When Big Sheep lifted his head， he saw a small green patch under a tree. He gambo
26、lled over to the tree. It was a patch of green grass.“BAA， BAA！ he shouted to Small Sheep to come over. Both Big Sheep and Small Sheep were very excited. But the small patch of grass was a very small patch. It was just enough for one sheep. What should they do？ Who should eat the small batch of gree
27、n grass？ “BAA， BAA！Go ahead and eat it. I am not very hungry.said Big Sheep and he began to move away. “Baa！ Let us share the green grass said Small Sheep. So Big Sheep and Small Sheep shared the small patch of small grass. They were very gay and they gambolled all the way home. 1. What should be th
28、e best title for the passage？ A. Big Sheep and his grass B. Sharing with one another C. Sheep like grass D. Looking for grass 2. What can we learn from last sentence in the second paragraph？ A. It has rained for long. B. The grass is dry. C. The two sheep like to eat dry grass. D. It is hard for the
29、 two sheep to find green grass. 3. What did the two sheep do when coming to a river？ A. They had a good rest and went home. B. They got tired and slept. C. They lowered their heads and drank some water. D. They ate some brown grass. 4. What did Big Sheep do when he found the green grass？ A. He asked
30、 Small Sheep to eat the green grass by excusing that he was not hungry.B. He asked Small Sheep to share the green grass. C. He ate the green grass by himself. D. He told Small Sheep to take the green grass home. 5. What does the underlined word “gay mean in the last paragraph？ A. envious B. sad C. h
31、appy D. bitter B It was indeed an exciting news on the mountain. The tortoise乌龟and the hare野兔 were going to have another race， and they had asked the most authoritative yellow ox to be their judge this time. Years ago， when the tortoise and the hare held their first race，because the hare run so fast
32、 that he was far ahead of the tortoise，the hare took a rest on the midway and unexpectedly overslept. When the hare woke up， he was surprised to find that the tortoise had already reached the destination. The hare was judged a loser. Losing to a slow crawling tortoise was the hares biggest shame in
33、his life and he was often laughed at by all the other animals on the mountain. The hare swore that he would wipe out the disgrace someday. On the eve of race， in order to keep enough energy not to need a rest on the midway again， the hare specially went to bed much earlier than usual. The next morni
34、ng， the hare arrived at the place of race very early. Soon， the tortoise also slowly crawled over. Under the watching of many guest animals， the yellow ox gave an order to start， then the hare immediately rushed forward. As the hare had enough sleep the night before， he hoped to reach the destinatio
35、n much earlier to surprise everyone， so he ran just as fast as the flight of an arrow. Suddenly he discovered that he was chased by the highway patrolman deer. The deer caught up with him and said coldly： “You are speeding. Then he quickly took the hare to the expressway patrol office. When the hare
36、 was set free next morning， the race judge yellow ox told him that the tortoise had reached the destination last night，therefore， the hare once again lost the race to the tortoise. The stupid hare never understood that while he went to bed earlier the night before， the tortoise and the deer had a bi
37、g dinner and the tortoise paid the bill. 1. The yellow ox was asked to be the judge because he was considered_. A. hardworking B. clever C. modest D. fair 2. When the hare was told he once again lost the race to the tortoise， he would probably feel_. A. unexpected B. shameful C. angry D. ridiculous
38、3. We can learned from the passage that_. A. the tortoise is as strong-minded as before B. the hare is as proud as before C. the tortoise can adapt himself to the times D. the tortoise has bought off the deer 4. The most suitable title would be _ . A. a race between tortoise and hare B. another race
39、 between tortoise and hare C. two races between tortoise and hare D. stories between tortoise and hare C A man was tired of living in his old house in the country and wanted to sell it and buy a better one. He tried to sell it for a long time， but was not successful， so at last he decided to solve t
40、he problem by using as real estate agent.房地产代理人The agent decided at once to advertise the house， and a few days later， the owner saw a very attractive photograph of it， with a wonderful description of its gardens， in an expensive magazine. After the house owner had read the advertisement through， he
41、 hurriedly telephoned the real estate agent and said to him，“Im sorry， Mr. Jones， but Ive decided not to sell my house after all. After reading your advertisement in that magazine， I can see that its just the kind of house Ive wanted to live in all my life. 41.What problem did the man have？ A.He cou
42、ldnt find his house B.He was unsuccessful at selling his house C.He was unsuccessful at buying a house D.He was unsuccessful at finding a real estate agent 42.Its easier to sell house through agents because _. A.they have a magazine B.they are better at writing articles C.they are good at better adv
43、ertising D.they are better looking 43.Which of the following best states the main idea？ A.You dont know what you have until you have lost it. B.Its hard to sell a house C.No one likes to live in the country. D.There is no place like home. 44.In the passage the word“attractivemost nearly means _. A.p
44、erfect D.pleasant to look at E According to the dictionary definition of create，ordinary people are creative every day.To create means to bring into being， this includes an awareness意识 of our surroundings.It means using all of our senses to become aware of our world.This may be as simple as being aw
45、are of color and texture质地，as well as taste， when we plan a meal.Above all，it is the ability to notice things that others might miss. A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things.If we believe the expression，There is nothing new under the sun，the creativity is remaking
46、 or recombining重组the old in new ways.For example，we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture，or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph. A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to
47、make use of our new ideas，to ask for them to achieve some new results.To think up a new idea is one thing；to put the idea to work is another. These three parts of creativity are included in all the great works of geniuses，but they are also included in many of our day to day activities. 49.Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to the passage？ A. To prepare for a meal.