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1、Unit4Unit4英语中表示“许多”的词组很多，按其用法可以分为以下三类：1、修饰可名词：many、a(great/large)number of、a few、many a、several等。many a 的意思相当于many,但many a 后边接可数名词单数，如：Many a student has such a question.许多同学有这样的疑问。A number of students have passed the exam.许多学生都通过了考试。2、修饰不可数名词：much、a great deal of、a large amount of等。We can get a gre
2、at deal of(a large amount of)information from internet.我们可以从互联网上获得大量信息。3、既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词：a lot of(lots of);plenty of;a large quantity of 等。Plenty of the water is polluted.许多水都被污染了。Plenty of the rivers are polluted.许多河都被污染了。The Attributive Clause(定语从句)a beautiful girl一个漂亮的女孩定语：用来修饰，限定，说明名词或代词，或具有名
3、词的品质与特征的词。作定语的词主要是形容词或者是相当于形容词的词，短语或者句子，汉语中常用“.的”表示。1.1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后.2.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词.3.3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that,which,that,which,who,whom,whose,aswho,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,when,where,whywhere,why等.关系词通常有下列三个作用：A A.引导定语从句；B B.代替先行词；C C.在定语从
4、句中担当一成分.关系代词关系副词 先行词 句中作用省否whowho人主语 关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略whomwhom人宾语whichwhich物主语宾语thatthat人物主语宾语whosewhose人物定语WhenWhen时间状语wherewhere地点状语whywhyreasonreason状语the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong
5、 is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.1.who指人，在定语从句中做指人，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语。主语或者宾语。TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语主语)Theboy whohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Thewomangotthejob
6、.ThewomancanspeakRussian.Thewoman whocanspeakRussiangotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Theteacherisfamous.Theteacherwho isfamouswillgiveusatalk.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语宾语)Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。指人，在定语从句中做宾语。Thewoman(whom)wes
7、awonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.Ex:Heistheteacher.TheteachercanspeakFrench.HeistheteacherwhocanspeakFrench.Doyouknowtheman?Hecametovisityoutoday.Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?Theladysteppedonhisfoot.Hewas
8、dancingwiththelady.Thelady(whom)hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot.Doyouknowtheman?Youwillvisithimtoday.Doyouknowthemanwhom youwillvisittoday?appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.3.which指物，在从句中做主语或者宾语指物
9、，在从句中做主语或者宾语Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhich(主语主语)iseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)(宾语宾语)youtalkedaboutlastnight.4.that指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplanei
10、samachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.5.whose 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词表示引导词与与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。互换使用。This is the book.The books cover is blue.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which
11、the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.Doyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDo you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whomvery short in our class?Heisthestudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHe is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday.MrKingwasqui
12、cklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.Mr King whose legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.We shall make a decision about Ms King whose story I have told you.Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.The chair,whose legs
13、 are broken the legs of which are broken,of which the legs are brokenis being repaired now.Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout.HisnamewasMrLittle.Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKingThisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.This teacher,with whose son I work,is
14、liked by all the studentsThebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但但在下列情况下在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thi
15、sisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。修饰时。(5)先行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。W
16、hoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以主句以Therebe引导时引导时Thereare200peoplethatdidntknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语时，关表语时，关系代词用系代词用that.Sheisntthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.(8)当先行词是当先行词是which时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that.Whichisthebookthat youboughtlastweek?1.The terrible ty
17、phoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.6.Who is the man _ is reading und
18、er the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it used to be twenty years ago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatwho,that（先行词为人）区别（先行词为人）区别1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：(1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词时。He whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Those whohaveanydifficultywithpronunc
19、iationshouldpractise2.只能用只能用which,which,不用不用thatthat的情况的情况:1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物)2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Shefailedtheexam,which madeherparentsvaryangry.(2)Myglasses,without whichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.1Theriver_arecoveredwithtre
20、esisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2shelikestousewords_iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3Themanager_companytheyworkedagreed_theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!Thedictionary,_isred,isabirthdaygif
21、tgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5MrBrown,_,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothereDADBCAs As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时时,关系代词用关系代词用as.As在从句中
22、作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。宾语或表语。1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethe samepenas Iusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（三）（三）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导的定语从句导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由宾语
23、时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIpla
24、yedtennisyesterday.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.注意注意：1
25、.含有介词的短语动词一般不含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。后面。如：如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.TThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.FThebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.FThebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.T.若介词放在关系代词前，关若介词放在关
26、系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用系代词指人时只可用whom，不不可用可用who,that；关系代词指物关系代词指物时只可用时只可用which，不可用不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.“介
27、词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可前还可有有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词等代词或者数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.