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1、优质文本介 词 教师用 介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。1、介词的种类介词由词形上可分为简单介词和短语介词。简单介词知识一个单词，如：in，on，after等。短语介词是由两个以上单词集合而成，如：out of，in front of，because of，instead of等。1、 表示时间的介词表示“时间的介词如下： 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on 表示时间的前后用before，after 表示期限等用by，until，till 表示期间等用for，during，through 表示时间的
2、起点等用from，since 表示时间的经过等用in，within（1） at，on，inA. at：用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at that time那时 at night在夜间 at the moment此刻，目前 at present目前 at nineoclock在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at/on the weekend在周末 at last最后 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时 at the end of 1999在1999年末 at this time
3、 oftheyear在一年中的这个时候 We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve.我们通常中午吃午饭十二点吃午饭注意：表示时间的名词前有this，last，next，every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this morning今天早上；last Monday上周一；every week每周B. on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午指具体的某一时，一律用onon Monday在周一on Tuesday morning在周二早上on June 6在6月6日on May 4,1996在1996年5月4日on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚on that
4、 day在那天on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天on time准时on Monday evening在周一晚上on the night of Julythefirst在七月一日的夜晚we didnt listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon.周三下午我们没去听演讲。C. in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上指在一段时间内。in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五月 in summer在夏季in Spring在春季 in autumn 在秋季 in 1995在1995 in
5、winter在冬季in September，1995在1995年9月in the morning在上午in the afternoon在下午in the evening在晚上in the 21st century在二十一世纪in time及时 in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻Jack was about to lock the door when just in time he remembered his key.杰克正要锁门，突然正在那时他及时想起了他要拿门钥匙。The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。People go sk
6、ating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。Do they work in the day time or at night？他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？（2） before，after注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词A before在之前Wash your hands before dinner.before作介词吃饭前请洗手。He will call me before he leaves here/before ten oclock.前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打 。B after在之后Lets sing some songs a
7、fter school.after作介词放学后咱们唱歌吧！Please close the door after you leave the room.after作连词离开房间后请关门。（3） by，until/tillA. by 在前时间；截止到How many English books had you read by the end of last year?到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？She had left by the time I arrived.我到时之前她已经走了。例：by the end of在底之前 by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在之前B.
8、until/till知道为止时间we didnt begin to watch TV until/till nine oclock.一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。begin是点动词，所以用否认式I will wait for him until he comes here.我将在这儿一直等到他来。（4） for，during，throughA. for 达之久表示经过了多少时间可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days
9、.我们要在这座城市呆两天。B. during在期间they are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。C. through一直从开始到结束They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。比较：for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。（5） from，sinceA. from从起时
10、间表示“从开始时，一般都是用词组fromto，而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始时用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten.这个会议将从8点开到10点。The meeting will be held at eight.会议将从八点钟开始。B. since自从以来表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。强调一直病到现在The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.since作连词，引导时间状语从句这
11、个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。（6） in，withinA. in过后未来时间大多用在将来时一般将来时和过去将来时。in an hour一小时之后in a week or so大约一星期之后he will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。注意：如果用于过去时，用after+时间。She went to Nanjing last May，and she came back after a month.去年五月她去了南京，一个月之后她又回来了。B.
12、 within不超过的范围within 3 hours 3小时之内；within a week一周之内I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。比较：within和in。within强调“在时间之内，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为根底，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。2、 表示场所、方向的介词（1） 表示场所的介词：at，in，on，under，by，near，between，around，opposite（2） 表示方向的介词：into，out of，along，a
13、cross，through，up，past at，inA. at在某地表示比较狭窄的场所at school上学；at 2 Baker Street在贝克街2号；at home在家；stand at the door站在门边；at a factory在一家工厂；at the bottom of在下面；at the party在聚会上；at the back of在后边；at the end of在末尾；at the head of在排头；at the table在桌旁；at Mikes house在迈克家；at table进餐；at the crossroads在十字路口；at work在上班；
14、at the bus stop在公共汽车站；at the station在火车站；sit at my desk坐在我书桌旁Ill meet him at the Beijing railway station.我将去北京站接他。B. in在某地表示比较宽敞的场所in Beijing在北京；in the world在世界上；in china在中国；in the street在街上；in bed躺在床上；in the yard在院子里；in a book/newspaper在书上/报纸上；in the photo/picture在照片里/图画里；in the middle在中部；in a queu
15、e/line/row排队在对、行、排里；in a country在国家里；in the house在房子里His brother is in prison. He was arrested 2 years ago.他哥哥两年前被捕的，现在他再监狱中服刑。Mike works in the prison.迈克在这个监狱工作。She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。 on，above，over，under，belowA. on在上面，有接触面。on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。There are two maps on the wall.墙上有两
16、张地图。On在靠近的地方on the right在右边；on the screen在屏幕上；on the river在河边；on the farm在农场；on the floor在地板上；on the island/beach在岛上/海滨；on the pavement在人行道上B. above在上方Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。C. over在正上方，是under的反义词There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在
17、海上飞。D. under在下面；在之内under the table桌子下面；under the jacket在夹克内The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。E. below在下方不一定是正下方正下方是under，below是above的反义词。There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 near，byA. near近的，不远的near=not far，是far的反义词。Near还可以指时间，如：in the near future在不久的将来Is there a
18、bus stop near here？这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？B. By在旁边，距离比near要近by the window在窗户旁边；by me在我旁边The boy is standing by the window.这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 between，among，aroundA. between在两者之间my teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。Whats the difference between A and B？A和B之间有什么区别？B. among在三者或更多的之中There is a beauti
19、ful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎很知名。C. around环绕，在周围，在四周We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 in front of，behind，oppositeA. in front of早的前面；在的前部There is a tree in front of the house.在房屋前面有一棵树。There is a big d
20、esk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。B. behind在后面behind是in front of的反义词There is a tree behind my house.There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。C. opposite在对面Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 in，into，out of，upA. in在之内，用于
21、表示静止的位置The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。B. into进入用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后，如：go，come，walk，run等。The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。C. out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向the students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。重要：out of的根本含义：从到外面，离开；在范围之外；从某个数之中D. up移动The
22、 children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。 along，across，past，throughA. along沿着I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。B. across横过I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。C. past经过Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。D. through贯穿，通过The sun shone through the clouds.阳
23、光穿过云层照射下来。The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 to，from，forA. to到达地点目的地或方向He came to Japan in 1980.他1980年来到日本。B. for表示目的地，“向for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。leaver for动身去；start for出发去I will leaver for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。C. from从地点起Its about ten minutes walk from here to the cinema.从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。3、
24、 其他介词介词除了可以表示“时间、“场所以外，有些也可以表示“手段、“材料等。（1） 表示手段和材料的介词with，in，by with A.和在一起Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗？ B.具有、带有 He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。 C.用某种工具或方法 Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。 I see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。 He wrote the letter with a new pen.他
25、用一只新钢笔写这封信。说明：“with+形容词+名词构成的介词短语可以作定语，放在其所修饰名词的后面，表示名词的特征。With ones help在某人的帮助下Eg. With the teachers help I have made progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了进步。 in表示用什么材料如用墨水，铅笔等，或用什么语言，或者表示衣着、声调特点时，不用with，而用in。she wrote a letter in black ink.她用黑色的墨水写信。Dont write it in pencil but in ink.别用铅笔写，用钢笔水写。Can you speak in
26、English？你能用英语说吗？比较：in和with用in，with表示工具或方法时，在译成中文时区别不大，但在英语上的用法却不大相同。用“with时，后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。With my ears.用我的耳朵。With a pencil.用一只铅笔。用in时，后面加物质名词，不能加冠词。In ink用墨水钢笔in pencil用铅笔。 by通过方法、手段必背：“by+交通工具的词组：by bicycle骑自行车；by train坐火车；by plane/by air坐飞机；by taxi坐出租车；by car坐小汽车；by ship坐船；by bus坐公共汽车（2） of，from o
27、f属于的；表示的数量或种类This is a map of china.这是一幅中国地图。Will you please give me a cup of tea？请您给我一杯茶好吗？ From来自某地、某人；以起始时间或地点Im from Nanjing.我是南京人。I have got a letter from my friend.我收到了一封我朋友的来信。We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。（3） Without，like，as without没有，是with的反义词。Man cant live without air and wate
28、r.人类没有空气和水不能生存。I cant read the book without using a dictionary.不用字典，我看不了这本书。Please give me a cup of coffee withwithout milk.请给我一杯不加牛奶的咖啡。 like像一样Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。注意：Nancy looks like her mother.南希和她妈妈长得一样。用look时，强调外表。 作为He is famous as a scientist here.他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。They treat
29、ed me as a hero.他们像对待英雄那样对待我。The room is dirty as usual.这房间像平时一样脏。（4） against，about against反对；靠着he is against the planLi Ming.他反对这个方案。他反对李明the teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正靠着黑板站着。 about A.关于；各处；身旁 Tell me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。 He looked about himself.他向四处张望。 I have no
30、 money about/with me.我身上没带钱。 B询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议 What about your sister？你姐姐情况如何？ How about going to the park？去公园怎么样？4、 介词短语介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下：（1） 动词+介词如：talk about，look at（2） Be动词+形容词+介词如：be kind of（3） 介词+名词如：at home，on foot，in time 动词+介词play with sth.玩某物玩耍Dont play with fire.别玩火。 Be动词+形容
31、词+介词be kind to对某人亲切；be good at在做得好；擅长于be aware of 意识到be busy with 忙于(某事) be different from 和不同 介词+名词1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成，单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语：at ease 稍息，安心 at first sight 一见(钟情)out of action 失灵 out of breath 气喘吁吁2)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语：day after day 日复一日地 year after year 年复一年day before yesterday 前天 day after tomorr
32、ow 后天heart to heart 互相交心的3)还有一些成语包含两个介词：from beginning to end 从头至尾 from bad to worse 越来越糟介词练习1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre _ 6:30 pm at the latest.A. after B. around C. until D. by2. They held a ceremony _ those killed in the battle.A. in honor of B. instead of C. i
33、n favor of D. by means of3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing _ at home.A. but to read B. but read C. besides reading D. except to read4. Write your name and address on your bag _ you lose it.A. in any case B. in case C. in no case D. in that case5. _ did the professor give you mu
34、ch advice? The choice of a career.A. On what B. In what C. What D. For what6. I made coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand not with a machine.A. in; inB. in; with C. with; by D. with; with7. He is running _ the wind towards the east of the station _ Tom running _ the right.A. down; and; on B. agai
35、nst; with; on C. for; with; in D. with; while; to8. Not all of us know the difference _ wheat, oats and barley.A. among B. between C. from D. in9. The young singer is quite popular _ the public. Shes made a remarkable achievement _ a girl of her age.A. with; to B. to; for C. with; for D. for; to10.
36、The apple trees have lots of big apples _ them. And some birds are singing _ the trees.A. in; on B. at; in C. on; in D. with; through11. That woman will quarrel _ everybody _ anything.A. about; about B. about; with C. with; about D. with; with12. The weather this month has been good _ .A. on the who
37、le B. generally speaking C. above all D. on one hand13. We should divide all the potatoes _ two piles and separated the good ones _ the bad ones.A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into14. They said the building would be completed _ a year.A. after B. for C. in D. about15. These boxes a
38、re too heavy for me to carry. Here, Ill give you a hand _ them.A. for B. to C. with D. by1. D。从“戏剧在下午6:40开始可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示“下午6:30后到剧院，C项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30为止，均不合题意。B项干扰性最强，around意为“左右，大约, 但在6:30 pm后有at the latest“最晚,二者相矛盾。C项by是not later than(不迟于)之意，整合题意。2. A。in honour of意为“为庆祝(为向. . . 表示敬意,为纪念；i
39、nstead of意为“代替; 而不是；in favor of意为“赞成；支持；by means of意为“通过; 用; 借助于。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式可知答案为A。3. B。but, except 和besides都有“除之外的意思，但没有，相当于not including. 另外，but后面可接不定式to do,但如果but前面有实义动词dbesides是“除之外，还的意思，等于in addition to; 而except, but 是“除之外， o的任何形式，不定式省略to。4. B。in any case意为“在任何情况下；in case意为“以防万一，如果；in n
40、o case意为“决不；in that case意为“如果那样的话。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丧失。5. A。“教授给你提的什么建议?“择业。“关于的建议应用介词on。6. C。by hand意为“用手工；with“用, 表示使用的工具, 手段，如He hit it with a hammer.7. B。against the wind“逆风；on the right意为“在后边；介词with与一个复合结构构成短语，用作状语，说明状态、方式等。8. B。一般说来，between用于两者之间，among表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间的
41、关系，适用于between. 如：The soldier is hidden between the trees. 在谈论事物间的差异时总是用between.9. C。词组be popular with意为“受欢迎，for“就而论，比较而言。10. C。介词on意为“在之上，依附于；in意为“(表场所，位置)在之内 / 上in the tree 译为“在树上。11. C。quarrel with sb. about / over意为“和某人争论某事。句意为“那个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 总是和别人争吵不休。12. A。on the whole意为“总的来说；从总体上看；generally spe
42、aking“一般说来；above all意为“首先，最重要的；on one hand意为“一方面。句意为“这个月的天气根本上是好的 。13. B。divideinto和separatefrom都有“把分开的意思。但前者指“把整体分成假设干局部，后者指“把连在一起的分开。14. C。in, after这两个介词都可以用来表达“在假设干时间之后。in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中；after 用于一般过去时，如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后，那么不受时态的限制。15. C。答语中的them指前一句的boxes。Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事。