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1、精品文档一般现在时1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。例如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。3)表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主
2、句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。二、一般过去时1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago,the other day, in 1982等。例如：Where did you go just now? 刚刚你上哪儿去了?2)表示
3、在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢送。3)句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了
4、例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事。例如：Id rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。三、一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。
5、a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。3)be +to表将来，按方案或正式安排将发生的事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4)be about to +动词原形，意为马上做某事。
6、例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：1、一般现在时表示将来1)以下动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。2)在时间或条件句中。例如：When Bill comes (不是will co
7、me), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。2、用现在进行时表示将来以下动词come, go, arrive, leave等现在进行时可以表示将来：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。四、现在进行时a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing ano
8、ther novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。五、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去
9、某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。They were expecting you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等待。难点释疑：when作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如： .I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时
10、下起雨来了。六、将来进行时1)表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如：Shell be coming soon. 她会很快来的。Ill be meeting him sometime in the future. 将来我一定去见他。2)常用的时间状语有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by thistime，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如：By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。注意：
11、“主将从现原那么，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时(代替一般将来时)When, as soon as, if,等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：He is going to visit her aunt t when he arrives in Beijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。七、现在完成时a. 现在完成时可表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响，后面通常不用时间状语，但句中常出现already, just,yet等副词。如：Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。Ive just finished reading the
12、 novel.我刚刚读完这本小说。Have you seen the doctor yet?你看过医生了吗?注：already和yet用法上的区别already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否认句和疑问句，常用于句末。但already有时也可用语疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。如：b. 现在完成时也可表示从过去某时开始的动作，状态一直持续到现在，常和for, since引导的时间状语连用。如： I have learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born.注：(1) for和since引导的时间状语的区
13、别: for + 一段时间, since + 一点时间从句(从句中常用一般过去时)。(2)表示继续的现在完成时也可和lately, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past(last) few years, this week (month, year), all day, all this week等时间状语连用。如：Tom has had a toothache all day.I havent heard from him recently.(3)现在完成时也可表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情，常和often, ever,
14、 never, before, once,times等时间状语连用。如： .Ive never been to Beijing.我从没去过北京。He has read this book before.难点释疑：1.点动词与延续性动词的区别 .所谓点动词是指含有终止或短暂意义的动词。如：begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive,join, marry等动词。它们通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I have bought a book.我买了一本书。 .Ive had this book for three weeks.这本书我已经买了三星期了。2
15、. have got的含义 .have got形式上是现在完成时，却和have是同一个意思She has got a slight temperature. She has a slighttemperature.她有点发烧。3、用于现在完成时的句型It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句局部，用现在完成时。例如：It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱
16、歌。八、过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。如：By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes wh
17、en a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。(3)表达过去发生的事情，在已表达了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not s
18、tudied my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果表达的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。She found the key that she had lost.她丧失的钥匙找到了。(5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如：.He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the
19、 letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。(6)在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，例如：When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。She didnt go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例如：They had wanted to help but could no
20、t get there in time.他们本来打算去帮助，但没有及时赶到那里。We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你。(8)过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second,etc) time (that)等固定句型中。例如： .Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he
21、went away again.他刚到就又走了。九、将来完成时a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：You will have reachedShanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了一语法重点串讲语法是三级英语统考的一个重点，它将表达在所有五个题型中，但重点将集中在以下几个方面。1、时态：常用的1011种
22、2、语态：被动语态3、情态动词 4、虚拟语气 5、动词的非谓语形式三种 6、各种从句主、宾、表、定、状、同位语从句 7、主谓一致8、倒装句 9、强调句 10、附加疑问句第一章 语法重点串讲 第一节 动词的时态考试重点：一般现在时if 从句和as soon as 从句；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have hasbeen, havehasgone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。一、一般现在式：1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时
23、间状语连用。例：He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。例：I dont think you are right.我以为你错了。4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。1They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.A. have finished
24、B. finishC. finishedD. was finishing答案：B1996年22题2When the mixture _, it will give off a powerful force.A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated答案：C1992年59题二、一般过去时：1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。例：Youve already missed too many classes this term .You
25、_ two classes just last week.A. missedB. would missC. had missedD. have missed答案：A。有具体的时间状语要用过去时。1995年59题2、used to do sth：过去常常做例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。意味着现在不在早晨散步了。3、it is high timethat句型中，谓语动词用过去时。例：Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give u
26、pD. should give up答案：B1999年31题三、一般将来时1、willshall+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。例：He will come and help you. 他会来帮助你的。2、be going to +动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗？3、be to +动词原形： 表示安排或方案好了的动作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三环路将在国庆节前通车。4
27、、be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。5、例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,come, start, arrive， leave 等的现在进行时可表示将来。1We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。2The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。四、过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。例：He wanted to know when th
28、e conference would start.他想知道会议何时开始。五、现在进行时1、表示此时此刻说话时正在进行的动作。例：The teacher is talking with his students. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。例：I am attending a conference in Beijing. 我正在北京参加一个会议。六、过去进行时1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。例：He was doing his homework from seven to nine la
29、st night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。2、when 和while 的用法1I fell and hurt myself while I _tennis.A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played答案：A。连接词when 表示时间上的点，其所引导的句子用过去时，while 表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用过去进行时。1998年43题2When you _ this over with her, you should not see her any more.A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. tal
30、king答案为B1999年35题3One of the guards _ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A. has slept B. were sleeping C, slept D. was sleeping答案为D1996年23题3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。
31、七、现在完成时1、表示动作刚刚结束常和just, now, already, yet等词连用；或表示动作的结果一般不用时间状语。1Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。说明现在灯已经关上了2I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没有找到这支笔。2、表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去常用since引导的短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用。1He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿已经三十年了。现在还住在这儿2Theyve known e
32、ach other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。现在还继续来往3、非延续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since.过去时英语中有些动词不能延续， 因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。1He has _ the army for ten years and is now an officer.A. gone intoB. joined inC. been inD. come into答案：C。用现在完成时表示“继续的概念时，只能用含有持续意义的动词，不可用瞬间性动词。1995年49题2It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .我离开上海
33、已经三年了。如果是非延续动词，这时常用 it is +时间+since 的句型代替，从句用过去时态。4、havehasbeen to 和have hasgone to 的区别havehas been to：去过某地表示某人的一种经历，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 连用。havehasgone to：去某地了表示某人已经离开此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称，此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。1He has gone to America.意思为他已经去了美国，现在不在此地2He has been to America twice. 他
34、去过美国两次。八、过去完成时1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作即过去的过去。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。例：About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _ paper.A. inventedB. had inventedC. have inventedD. had been invented答案：B1997年35题2、表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。例：The chemistry class _ fo
35、r five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been onB. was onC. has been onD. would be on答案：A1995年24题3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打 。4、过去完成时常用在no sooner than, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen，一就。
36、句型之中，句子到装。1No sooner had we sat down _ we found it was time to go.A. thanB. whenC. asD. while答案为A1997年50题2Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚翻开门，蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。九、将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _.A. will haveB. leavesC. will have leftD
37、. is leaving答案：C1995年25题2、I _ writing the article by the time you get back.A. shall finishB. must have finishedC. have finishedD. shall have finished答案：D 2000年24题十、现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束， 但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。例：I _ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A. was kno
38、ckingB. am knockingC. knockingD. have been knocking答案：D1998年49题第二节 被动语态考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；动词短语的被动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。一、感官动词及使役动词如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时要加to。1、The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A. cameB. comeC. to comeD.
39、have come答案为C2000年58题2、We were made to study harder. 我们被要求努力学习。二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词，构成短语。变被动语态时，短语动词做及物动词用。1、The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。2、The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人去请大夫了。三、情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。1、The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。2、Nothing can be seen
40、from here. 从这儿什么也看不见。四、用主动表示被动的含义常用：need/require +doing sth=to be done此句型主语大多为物例：My room is a mess. It needs _.A to be tidying upB. tidying upC. to tidy upD. tidied up答案为B2000年47题第三节 情态动词 考试重点：情态动词+完成时情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must +现在完成时表示
41、对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜想。1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have receivedB. must have failed to receiveC. must receiveD. must fail to receive答案：B1998年44题2、I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have hadB. could have hadC. should h
42、ave hadD. must have had答案为D2001年58题二、should ought to +完成时表示应该做的事情而没有做，否认式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to doB. not to be doneC. not to have doneD. not having done答案为C1999年59题2、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a te
43、lephoneB. have phonedC. should have phonedD. should be phoned答案为C2000年26题三、could +完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。1、He could have joined us, but he didnt get our invitation in time.他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.我本来能及格的，但是没有努力学习。第四节 虚拟语气 如果所表示的条件根本
44、不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，称为虚拟条件句。考试重点：虚拟语气的根本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wishthat引导的表示“愿望的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessaryimportantthat引导的主语从句；It is time that句型中。一、虚拟语气的根本形式和用法：虚拟条件语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know答案：C。与现在的事实相反，