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1、形容词与副词形容词与副词1。形容词的位置:。形容词的位置:形容词一般放被修饰词的前面形容词一般放被修饰词的前面Itisaquietbutinterestingplace.形容词后置的情况形容词后置的情况1)。当形容词修饰不定代词)。当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some或或every构成的复合词,如:构成的复合词,如:something,anything,nothingHedideverythingpossibletohelpus.2)只能充当表语的形容词必须后置只能充当表语的形容词必须后置Shewastheonlypersonawakeatthatnight.3)Enough修饰
2、名词既可放前也可放后,但所修修饰名词既可放前也可放后,但所修饰的名词放句首时,只能前置饰的名词放句首时,只能前置.enough修饰形容修饰形容词或者副词必须后置词或者副词必须后置Ihaveenoughtime(timeenough)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:1、原级,即原形,如:、原级,即原形,如:big(大的)(大的)2、比较级,表示、比较级,表示“更更 一些一些”或或“比较比较 ”的意思,的意思,如:如:bigger(更大,比较大)(更大,比较大)3、最高级,表示、最高级,表示“最最”的意思,如:的意
3、思,如:biggest(最大)。(最大)。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成:一、规则变化:一、规则变化:1、单音节和部分双音节词,在词尾加、单音节和部分双音节词,在词尾加-er 或或-est。2、大部分双音节词和多音节词,在其前面加、大部分双音节词和多音节词,在其前面加 more 或或 most。具体见下表:具体见下表:Grammar 构成方法构成方法 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er 或或 -est以字母结尾的,以字母结尾的,加加 -r 或或 -st以重读闭音节结尾,以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音且末尾只有一个辅音
4、字母,要先双写这一字母,要先双写这一字母,再加字母,再加-er 或或 -est以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结结尾的,先把尾的,先把 y 变成变成 i,再加,再加-er 或或 -est单单音音节节词词和和部部分分双双音音节节词词双双音音节节词词和和多多音音节节词词在形容词、在形容词、副词前加副词前加more 或或 most。tall,long,taller,longertallest,longestnice,latenicer,laternicest,latestbig,thinbigger,thinner biggest,thinnesthappyheavyhappierheavierhap
5、piestheaviestbeautifulcarefulexpensiveinterestingdangerousmore beautifulmore carefulmore expensivemore interestingmore dangerousGrammarmost beautifulmost carefulmost expensivemost interestingmost dangerous 二、不规则变化:(需记忆)二、不规则变化:(需记忆)原原 形形 比比 较较 级级 最最 高高 级级good wellbadillmanymuchlittleoldfarbetter wor
6、semorelessolderelderfartherfurtherbest worstmostleastoldesteldestfarthestfurthestGrammar(三)(三)形容词与副词的比较等级形容词与副词的比较等级 1.原级的构成和用法原级的构成和用法2.构成:构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身形容词、副词的原级即本身3.用法:用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面4.相等时用相等时用“as+原级原级 as”5.不等时用不等时用“not so/as+原级原级as”6.倍数用倍数用“倍数倍数 as+原级原级 as”Eg:Xiao Wang is as
7、 tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so/as high as that one.Miss Liu speaks English as fluently as you.This room is three times as large as that one.2.比较级和最高级的构成比较级和最高级的构成1)规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级(规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级(4种)种)2)不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。)不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。good/well-bad/ill-many/much-little-far-old-3.比较
8、级的用法比较级的用法1)双方比较,)双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,表示一方超过另一方时,用用“比较级比较级than“的结构的结构 如如This picture is more beautiful than that one.2)表示一方不及另一方时,用)表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级原级 than”结构结构 This room is less beautiful than that one.3)表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时,可在比较级表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时,可在比较级 前加表示程度的状语,前加表示程度的状语,如如 even,a lot,a bit,a little
9、,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰。等修饰。如如 he works even harder than before4)4)表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+“the+比较级(主语谓语)比较级(主语谓语)the+the+比较级(主语谓语)比较级(主语谓语)”结构结构 (越(越.越越)The harder he works,the happier he feels.The harder he works,the happier he feels.5)不与其他事物不与其他事物 相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用相比,表示本身程度的改变时
10、,用 “比较级比较级 and+比较级比较级”结构。结构。The girl becomes more and more beautiful.The weather is getting colder and colder.6)某些以某些以ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时,结尾的形容词进行比较时,用用to 代替代替than.这些词有这些词有inferior(劣等的劣等的,次的),次的),superior ,junior(资历较浅的)资历较浅的),senior。如:如:he is superior to Mr Zhang in chemistry.7)倍数表达法倍数表达法A is+倍数倍数 the s
11、ize(height/length/width/depth)of BA is+倍数倍数 as as BA is+倍数倍数 比较级比较级 than B注意:注意:times 表三倍以上表三倍以上,两倍用两倍用 twice/double译:译:我们的学校比他们的学校大三倍。(三种方法)我们的学校比他们的学校大三倍。(三种方法)4 最高级的用法最高级的用法1)三者或三者以上相比,)三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级最高级”的结构表示。的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如如:ZhangHua is the
12、tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.2)最高级可被序数词以及最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really ,nothing like(没有什么能比得上)等修饰。没有什么能比得上)等修饰。如:如:This hat is by far the biggest.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?3)表示表示“最高程度最高程度”的形容词,如的形容词,如 excellent,ex
13、treme,perfect等等 没有最高级,没有最高级,也没有比较级也没有比较级。4)形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,)形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的的词往往省略。如:被修饰的的词往往省略。如:He is the tallest boy in his class.5)作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。5.由由 as/so 组成的形容词或副词短语。组成的形容词或副词短语。1)as much as+不可数名词数量。如:不可数名词数量。如:Each stone weighs as much as 15 tons.She
14、could earn as much as ten dollars a week.2)as many as+可数名词数量可数名词数量如:如:I have as many as sixteen reference books.3)as early as 早在早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.4)as far as 远道,远道,就就 而言而言We might go as far as the church and back.As far as I know,he has been the
15、re before.5)may/might as well 不妨,不如不妨,不如Then you might as well stay with us here.6)as as sb can be 到了最到了最的程度的程度,极其极其 They are as unreliable as they can be.(他们极其不可信)他们极其不可信)7)as as one can=as as possible(尽某人可能)尽某人可能)He began to run as fast as he could注意:注意:1。比较的对象应该相同。比较的对象应该相同Theradiosmadeinourfacto
16、ryarebetterthanthose(made)inyourfactory.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.2.比较的对象不能相互包容比较的对象不能相互包容比较级比较级than+anyother+单数名词单数名词/all(the)other+pl./anyoneelse/anyofother+pl.TheMississippiRiverislongerthananyotherriverintheUnitedStates.ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia
17、/anycountryinAfrica.3。修饰比较级的修饰语有:。修饰比较级的修饰语有:rather,much,still,even,far,any,alot,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes.Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.4。修饰最高级的修饰语有:序数词,。修饰最高级的修饰语有:序数词,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notrealy,notquite,nothinglike.Idliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.5.比较状语中动词的使用:比较状
18、语中动词的使用:BoblooksyoungerthanIdo.Boblooksyoungerthanheis.BoblookedyoungerthanIdid.Iknowyoubetterthanhedoes.Iknowyoubetterthanhim.6。比较中的省略比较中的省略:1)从句省略整个谓语,保留主语)从句省略整个谓语,保留主语Ourlibraryhasasmanybooksasyours.2)省去谓语保留主语和)省去谓语保留主语和be,have或助动词或助动词Susanhasdoneasmuchhomeworkasyouhave.3)省略主语和谓语,保留状语)省略主语和谓语,保留
19、状语Sheismuchbetterthanyesterday.4)省去整个)省去整个than从句从句Sheismuchhealthierandhappier.7.无比较级,最高级的形容词和副词无比较级,最高级的形容词和副词1。表示比较,特殊意义的:。表示比较,特殊意义的:comparative(ly),relative(ly),special(ly)2。表绝对意义的。表绝对意义的unexpected(ly),entire(ly),excellent(ly),perfect(ly),total(ly),thorough(ly),whole(ly),complete(ly)3。表大小,极限,主观,
20、上下的:。表大小,极限,主观,上下的:extreme(ly),),main,major,chief(ly),senior4。表性质特征的。表性质特征的scientific,wooden,golden,woolen5。表独一无二的,形状的,强调的。表独一无二的,形状的,强调的only,single,round,level,very,own,simply,favorite 几组重要词语辨析几组重要词语辨析1)very 和和 much 的区别的区别 可可分等级分等级的形容词和副词前使用的形容词和副词前使用very 不用不用 much.表示状态的过去分词前用表示状态的过去分词前用very。如:如:a
21、very frightened boy ;a very tired child a very complicated problem以以-ing ,-ed 结尾的分词结尾的分词 多用多用 much,very much,greatly 修饰。修饰。如:如:We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.too 前用前用much 或或 far,不用不用very,You are much/far/a lot too nice.注意:注意:修饰修饰绝对意义绝对意义的形容词,一般不用的形容词,一般不用very,而用而用 quite,completely,wel
22、l,entirely 等修饰。等修饰。如:如:quite wrong/mistaken/sure;completely dead;quite impossible,quite perfect 等等。1.morethan不只是(不只是(=notonly)MissLiismorethanateacher.Shesourbestfriend.2.morethan+数词,多于,超过,相当于数词,多于,超过,相当于overThereareover/morethan70studentsinourclass.3.morethan与其说与其说不如说不如说Heismorediligentthanclever7.
23、请区分下列词组请区分下列词组4.more than 极其地,非常地(=very)They are more than satisfied.5.This is more than+从句 此事非某人所能5.sth is more than+从句 (此事非某人所能)Eg:This problem is more than I can solve.This is more than I can say.6.morethanone不只一个(谓语动词用单数)不只一个(谓语动词用单数)morethanonce不只这一次不只这一次Morethanoneperson_thissecret.7.morethann
24、otmorethan不超过,至多不超过,至多atthemostnomorethan仅仅仅仅,和和一样少一样少no more than no more than 两者同样不两者同样不not more than not more than 前者不如后者;不比前者不如后者;不比 更更 8.less than(8.less than(少于)少于)not less than(not less than(不少于)不少于)=at least=at least no less than no less than(和(和一样多)一样多)=as much as=as much as 类似地:类似地:nofewer
25、than=asmanyas和和一样多一样多noworsethan=asgoodas和和一样好一样好nobetterthan=asbadas和和一样坏一样坏noricherthan=aspooras和和一样穷一样穷nolaterthan=asearlyas和和一样早一样早9)否定比较级表最高级的意义)否定比较级表最高级的意义Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.10)no/not+比较级比较级than的特殊含义的特殊含义AisnomorecarefulthanB.A和和B一样都不细心一样都不细心AisnolesscarefulthanB.A和和B一样细心一样细心Aisn
26、otmorecarefulthanB.A不如不如B细心细心AisnotlesscarefulthanB.A比比B细心细心11)than后加后加anyother+单数名词,单数名词,allother,theothers,anyother,anyoftheother,anythingelse表最高级表最高级Sheplaysthepianobetterthananyotherstudent/allotherstudents/anyoftheotherstudents/anyoftheothers/anybodyelseinherclass.1.Marykeptweighingherselftosee
27、howmuch_shewasgetting.A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.theheaviestB.2.The_housesmellsasifithasntbeenlivedinforyears.C.littlewhitewoodenB.littlewoodenwhiteD.C.whitewoodenlittleD.woodenwhitelittleE.3.Therearetwobuildings,_standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.F.thelargerB.thelargerofthemG.C.thelargeronethatD.thel
28、argerofwhichAAD4.ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses_energyasthewholeofEurope.A.astwiceB.twicemuchB.C.twicemuchasD.twiceasmuchC.5.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.D.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyE.C.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch6.Hedidit_ittookme.A.one-thirdatimeB.one-thirdtimeB.C.t
29、heone-thirdtimeD.one-thirdthetimeDAD7.Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas_IQA.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighestB.8.Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,_.C.ourholidaywillbebetter.D.ourholidaywillbebestE.thebetterourholidaywillbeF.thebet
30、terwillourholidaybe.BC9._totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.BraveenoughstudentsB.B.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave10.-Jimhashiswifedoallthehousework!Isnthewise?-Notreally.Heis_.A.morewisethanlazyB.wiserthanlazyB.C.morelazythanwiseD.laziertha
31、nwiseCC11.Afteralongwalk,shewas_tiredthatshehadtogoupstairsandrest.A.muchB.enoughC.tooD.soB.12.Whydidntyoubuythecamerayouhadlongedfor?C.-Ihadplannedto,butIwas$50_.D.fewerB.lessC.cheapD.shortE.13.Johnisverylazy.Hefalls_behindinhisstudies.F.veryB.moreC.farD.stillDDC14.Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfel
32、tcold,soshestood_tohermother.A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing15.Enginesaretomachines_heartsaretoanimals.A.justB.thatC.whatD.which16.Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.-Youcanneverbe_carefulinthestreet.A.muchB.veryC.soD.too17.HaveyoubeentoNewZealand?-No.Idliketo,_.A.tooB.thoughC.yetD.eitherACDB结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听!谢谢大家聆听!36