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1、GrammarNoun Clauses名词(mng c)性从句第一页，共23页。The Object Clause(宾语宾语(bny)从句从句)?Review:定义：在复合句中作定义：在复合句中作_的从句，的从句，通常位于动词通常位于动词(dngc)或介词之后。或介词之后。The Predicative Clause（表语（表语(bioy)从句）从句）定义：在复合句中作定义：在复合句中作_的从句，的从句，通常位于系动词之后。通常位于系动词之后。宾语宾语表语表语第二页，共23页。1.May we ask what you are doing in this country?2.I cant sa
2、y that I have any plans.3.I didnt know whether I could survive until morning.4.The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand.5.Thats why weve given you the letter.宾语宾语(bny)从句从句宾语宾语(bny)从句从句宾语宾语(bny)从句从句Identify the following clauses:What kind of clauses are they?表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句第
3、三页，共23页。主语主语(zhy)从句从句the Subject Clause定义定义(dngy)：在复合句中作句子的：在复合句中作句子的_的句子，的句子，主语主语(zhy)通常位于句首通常位于句首,句子中谓语动词的前面。句子中谓语动词的前面。第四页，共23页。Find the subjects in the following sentences.1.A plane is a machine.2.You are students.3.To see is to believe.4.Smoking is bad for you.n.名词名词(mng c)作主作主语语pron.代词代词(dic)作
4、作主语主语带带to的动词的动词(dngc)不定式不定式作主语作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语5.That we study hard is important.6.Who will go makes no difference.7.What he told us made us surprised.8.Why dinosaurs died out remains a mystery.句子作主语，即主语从句句子作主语，即主语从句第五页，共23页。引导主语引导主语(zhy)从句的连接词从句的连接词连词（不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom whose,whicht
5、hat,whether when,where,how,why主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语(bioy)定语定语状语状语(zhungy)第六页，共23页。1._ he will come is certain.2._ he will come is uncertain.选择合适的引导选择合适的引导(yndo)词填空：词填空：ThatWhetherWho 3._will go makes no difference.4._ he told us made us surprised.5._ team will win is not clear.WhatWhich6._ she is from is u
6、nknown.7._he will come back is a question.8._dinosaurs died out is a puzzle.WhereWhenWhetherWhyHow主语主语(zhy)宾语宾语定语定语第七页，共23页。主语从句的语序：主语从句的语序：一般情况下从句都是使用陈述语序，一般情况下从句都是使用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语即主语在前，谓语(wiy)动词在后。动词在后。Which sentence is correct?1.Where she is from is unknown.2.Where is she from is unknown.()()第八页，共
7、23页。从句作主语时，主句从句作主语时，主句(zh j)的谓语动词一般为：的谓语动词一般为：第三人称单数形式。第三人称单数形式。Where she is from is unknown.When he will come back is a question.但由但由what 引导的主语从句，主句的谓语动词引导的主语从句，主句的谓语动词单复数要根据主句的语境单复数要根据主句的语境(y jn)来决定。来决定。What we need _ water.(be)What we need _ books.(be)isare第九页，共23页。SUM UP主语(zhy)从句的定义：在复合句中作主语(zhy
8、)的从句。主语(zhy)从句要由引导词 that,whether,who,whom,whose,what,why,when,where,how等引导，而且不能省略引导词。主语(zhy)从句一般使用陈述语序。从句作主语(zhy)时，主句的谓语动词一般为第三人称单数形式。第十页，共23页。找出下列句子中的主语从句及其引导词找出下列句子中的主语从句及其引导词,并且指出并且指出(zh ch)引导词是否充当成分引导词是否充当成分,充当什么成分。充当什么成分。1.That we shall be late is certain.2.Whoever breaks the law is sure to be
9、punished.3.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.4.When they will have the sports meet is still a question.7.It remains a problem whether it is true.8.It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.第十一页，共23页。it作形式作形式(xngsh)主语的主语的that从从句：句：为了避免句子头重脚轻，可以把为了避免句子头重脚轻，可以把it作形式主语作形式主语放在
10、句首，把真正放在句首，把真正(zhnzhng)的主语从句置于句末。的主语从句置于句末。1.That we should study hard is important.2.That the earth is round is known to all.Itis importantthat we should study hard.It is known to all that the earth is round.第十二页，共23页。用用it形式主语的形式主语的that从句有以下四种从句有以下四种(s zhn)不同的搭配：不同的搭配：It+be+形容词形容词 that从句从句(cn j)It
11、is important that.重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显(mngxin)It is necessary that 有必要有必要It+be+v-ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to all that.众所周知众所周知It is said that 据说据说第十三页，共23页。It+be+名词名词(mng c)that从句从句It is a surprise that.令人惊奇令人惊奇(jngq)的是的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是It+不及物动词不及物动
12、词(j w dn c)that从句从句It seems that 似乎似乎It happens that.碰巧碰巧第十四页，共23页。Exercise:translate the following sentences:1.It is a fact that the earth goes round the sun.2.It is known to all that air is important to us.3.It seemed that he was telling the truth.4.It is obvious that she is nervous.事实事实(shsh)是地球绕
13、着太阳转。是地球绕着太阳转。众所周知，空气众所周知，空气(kngq)对我们很重要。对我们很重要。似乎似乎(s h)他说的是实话。他说的是实话。很明显她很紧张。很明显她很紧张。第十五页，共23页。1.由that 引导(yndo)的主语从句that 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句(cn j)，that 在从句在从句(cn j)中不充当任何中不充当任何成分，本身没有实际意义，只起引导作用，成分，本身没有实际意义，只起引导作用，但不能省略。但不能省略。1.That we study hard is important.2.That the earth is round is known to all.C
14、orrect or not?She is still alive is good news to us.We study hard is important.()The earth is round is known to all.()()That she is still alive is good news to us.第十六页，共23页。2.由由whether 引导引导(yndo)的主语从句的主语从句whether引导的主语从句在从句中也不作任何成引导的主语从句在从句中也不作任何成分，但有意思，分，但有意思，“是否是否(sh fu)”，位于句首。，位于句首。Whether he is c
15、oming is uncertain.他是否他是否(sh fu)会来不确定。会来不确定。It is uncertain whether he is coming.不确定不确定他是否会来他是否会来。注意：注意：whether引导主语从句：引导主语从句：“是否是否”表不确定的事情。放在句首，但表不确定的事情。放在句首，但if不能。不能。第十七页，共23页。3.连接(linji)代词who,what,which,whoever,whatever等引导的主语从句，在从句中充当成分，不能省略。Who will go makes no difference.What he told us made us
16、surprised.Which team will win is not clear.Whoever leaves the room last should turn off the light.谁会去没有谁会去没有(mi yu)差别。差别。他告诉我们他告诉我们(w men)的话使我们的话使我们(w men)吃惊。吃惊。哪一队会赢不清楚。哪一队会赢不清楚。无论是谁最后离开房间应该关灯。无论是谁最后离开房间应该关灯。第十八页，共23页。3.连接副词(fc)where，when,why,how等引导的主语从句，在从句中充当状语成分，不能省略。Where she is from is unknown
17、.When he will come back is a question.Why dinosaurs died out is a puzzle.How life began on the earth makes us interested.她从哪来没人她从哪来没人(mi rn)知道。知道。他什么他什么(shn me)时候回来是一个问题。时候回来是一个问题。恐龙为什么灭绝是一个谜。恐龙为什么灭绝是一个谜。地球上的生命是如何开始的使我们感兴趣地球上的生命是如何开始的使我们感兴趣第十九页，共23页。如何选择主语(zhy)从句的引导词？如果从句缺主语，指人用如果从句缺主语，指人用who，指物用，指物
18、用what；如缺宾语；如缺宾语(bny)，指人用，指人用whom，指物，指物用用what；如缺时间状语用；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语；地点状语用用where；原因状语用；原因状语用why；方式状语用；方式状语用how；定语用；定语用what或或which；什么都不缺考虑什么都不缺考虑 that 或或whether。Tips:根据句子根据句子(j zi)意思，分析引导词和主语从句的意思，分析引导词和主语从句的结构和关系结构和关系第二十页，共23页。1._ he will come is certain.2._ he will come is uncertain.选择合适的引导选择合适的引导
19、(yndo)词填空：词填空：3._will go makes no difference.4._ he told us made us surprised.5._ team will win is not clear.6._ she is from is unknown.7._he will come back is a question.8._dinosaurs died out is a puzzle.9_life began on the earth makes us interested.第二十一页，共23页。1._ he will come is certain.2._ he wil
20、l come is uncertain.选择合适的引导选择合适的引导(yndo)词填空：词填空：ThatWhetherWho 3._will go makes no difference.4._ he told us made us surprised.5._ team will win is not clear.WhatWhich6._ she is from is unknown.7._he will come back is a question.8._dinosaurs died out is a puzzle.9_life began on the earth makes us interested.WhereWhenWhetherWhyHowHow第二十二页，共23页。HOMEWORK细读细读Unit 4课文，找出文中的主语从句课文，找出文中的主语从句完成完成(wn chng)全优课堂全优课堂P61 第二十三页，共23页。