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1、全新版大学英语第二版第全新版大学英语第二版第三册三册Unit8Unit8Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ English Song _ mainBackground InformationHwang Woo-SukStemagenCloningDollyThe PopeSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDeta
2、iled ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Sales Promotion _ mainWord Web What words or expressions will occur to you whenever we mention“cloning”?Write down as many words and phrases as possible.identicalunethical embryoreplicatehorrifyingreproductivescientiststem cellriskDolly,the sheephuman cl
3、oninggenedisputablecure diseaseorganscientific advancesci-fi filmorganSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Introductory Remarks Warm-up Questions 1.What is cloning?Are there different types of cloning?2.How can cloning tech
4、nologies be used?3.What animals have been cloned so far,and for what purpose?4.Can organs be cloned for use in transplants?If so,give examples.5.What are the risks of cloning?6.Should humans be cloned?Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit
5、8 CloningB R _ Listen and Complete 1.The concept of“cloning”was originally a science fiction idea.FCloning was not originally a sci-fi idea although sci-fi writers have enjoyed playing about with the concept.Clones have always occurred in nature.()Test Your Knowledge on Cloning2.“Clone”comes from th
6、e ancient Greek word meaning“trouble”.FThe word“clone”comes from the ancient Greek word meaning“twig”i.e.,a division from the main branch.()Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 13.One cell could
7、 theoretically launch a thousand clones.TIt takes a whole cell to start a clone but of course therere millions of genetically identical cells in an animal organ.()4.Dolly the sheep was grown in a test-tube.FAlthough the cloning process takes place in lab conditions,the embryo has to be transferred i
8、nto a surrogate mother to develop into a whole animal.()Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 25.Cloned animals have the same personality as their“parent”.FCloned animals may or may not have the
9、same personality as their parent personality is partly determined by the environment.()Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 36.If you cloned yourself the clone would be the same age as you are.F
10、If you cloned yourself,the clone would begin like any other baby as a single-celled organism and take nine months before it was born.()Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 4Listening Comprehensi
11、onListen to the passage about animal cloning and answer the questions.tadpole:蝌蚪蝌蚪somatic:身体的，体壁的身体的，体壁的embryonic:胚胎的胚胎的 strip:剥去剥去gaur:野牛野牛traumatic:创伤的创伤的1.When was the first animal cloned?In 1952.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8
12、CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 52.How were clones created before the creation of Dolly?They were created from embryonic cells.3.What is the technology used in cloning the animals?Nuclear transfer technology.4.Can all species be cloned?Why?No.Because some species may be more resistant to s
13、omatic cell nuclear transfer.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning Scientists have been cloning animals for many years.In 1952,the first animal,a tadpole,was cloned.Before the creation of Dolly,the first mammal cloned from the ce
14、ll of an adult animal,clones were created from embryonic cells.Since Dolly,researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep,goats,cows,mice,pigs,cats,rabbits,and a gaur.All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology.Hundreds of cloned animals exist today,b
15、ut the number of different species is limited.Attempts at cloning certain species have been unsuccessful.Some speciesB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 6Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ She Works Hard for the Money 6spe
16、cies may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others.The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one,and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.Sup
17、plementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningCloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell,tissue or organism.The copied material,which has the same genetic makeup as the original,is referred to as
18、a clone.The most famous clone was a Scottish sheep named Dolly.B R _ Questions and Answers 1Cloning Gene cloningReproductive cloningTherapeutic cloningTypes of CloningCreationIt creates copies of genes or segments of DNA.It creates copies of whole animals.It creates embryonic stem cells.Supplementar
19、y ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Questions and Answers 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 1Hwang Woo-Suk a South Korean veterinarian researc
20、her a professor of theriogenology and biotechnology at Seoul National University(dismissed on March 20,2006)infamous for fabricating a series of experiments in the field of stem cell researchSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB
21、 R _ Definition 2 Hwang Woo-Suk was considered one of the pioneering experts in the field of stem cell research until November 2005,best known for two articles published in the journal Science in 2004 and 2005 where he fraudulently reported to have succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by
22、 cloning.Both papers were later editorially retracted after they were found to contain a large amount of fabricated data.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 3Stemagen a corporation headed by Dr.Samuel Wood notab
23、le for cloning adult skin cellsIt successfully created the first 5 mature human embryos using DNA from adult skin cells.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Questions and Answers 2Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed
24、ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 4DollyAddressed as:Dolly:July 5,1996 February 14,2003Remarkable for:Cloned by:Cloned in:The worlds most famous sheep.Being the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.Ian Wilmut,Keith Campbell and colleagu
25、es.Edinburgh,Scotland.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 5Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 6The Pope the Bishop of Rom
26、e the leader of the worldwide Catholic Churchhead of state of Vatican CityThe current pope(as in 2010)is Pope Benedict XVI,elected April 19,2005 in papal conclave.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningB R _ Definition 7Supplementa
27、ry ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ mainPart Division of the Text Further UnderstandingSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Further UnderstandingFurther UnderstandingFor Part 2For Part 1 T
28、rue or False For Part 3 Blank Filling Table CompletionMultiple ChoiceSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Part Division of the Text Part Division of the TextPartsPara(s)Main Ideas 114The writer relates under what circumstances the stem cel
29、l research company Stemagen was set up.2523The writer gives an account of their research efforts toward the goal of creating lines of embryonic stem cells using a process known as therapeutic cloning.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Pa
30、rt Division of the TextPartsMain Ideas The writer tells about his attitude towards criticisms against using embryos for scientific research.32427Para(s)Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 1True or False1.When Hwang Woo-Suk r
31、eported his success in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning,people felt they were cheated.2.A lot of diseases would be treated if human embryonic stem cells can really be created by cloning.FWhen Hwang Woo-Suk reported his success in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning,people fe
32、lt very excited.()T()Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 23.Dr.Wood has a profound love for his mother.T()4.Dr.Wood decided to do something for his mother when she developed diabetes.FDr.Wood decided to do something for his
33、mother at her funeral.()Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 35.The other founder of Stemagen,the stem research company,also lost his father to diabetes.FThe other founder of Stemagen,the stem research company,lost his father
34、 to ALS.()6.As his mother had diabetes,Dr.Wood thought it was rather ordinary to see his mother lose her eyesight and most of her ability to walk.FIt was absolutely horrifying for Dr.Wood to see his mother lose her eyesight and most of her ability to walk.()Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed
35、 ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 1Table Completion Reproductive cloning VS Therapeutic cloning PurposeEffectsReproductive cloningThe majority of reproductive clones are abnormal,with very high miscarriage rates,very high stillbirth rates,fetal anomalies,death soo
36、n after birth,etc.To create an exact copy of an animal or human that already exists or has existedSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ True or False 3PurposeEffectsTherapeutic cloningTo harvest embryonic stem cells for use in medical treat
37、mentsTherapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Multiple Choice11.What are the researchers
38、 interested in?_A.Cloning genes.B.Helping the sick.C.Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D.Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning1.What are the researchers interested in?_G
39、R _ Multiple Choice1AAA.Cloning genes.B.Helping the sick.C.Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D.Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning1.What are the researchers interested
40、in?_G R _ Multiple Choice1BA.Cloning genes.B.Helping the sick.C.Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D.Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceBSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning1.What are the researchers inter
41、ested in?_G R _ Multiple Choice1CA.Cloning genes.B.Helping the sick.C.Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D.Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceCSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning1.What are the researchers
42、 interested in?_G R _ Multiple Choice1DA.Cloning genes.B.Helping the sick.C.Creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.D.Putting a human face on cloning.Multiple ChoiceDSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Multiple Choic
43、e22.What is Dr.Wood referred to as?_A.The man to clone Dolly.B.The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C.The first man to cure diabetes.D.The first man to“clone himself”.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning2.What is Dr.Wood referred t
44、o as?_G R _ Multiple Choice2AA.The man to clone Dolly.B.The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C.The first man to cure diabetes.D.The first man to“clone himself”.ASupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning2.What is Dr.Wood referred to as?_
45、G R _ Multiple Choice2BA.The man to clone Dolly.B.The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C.The first man to cure diabetes.D.The first man to“clone himself”.BSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning2.What is Dr.Wood referred to as?_G R _
46、Multiple Choice2CA.The man to clone Dolly.B.The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C.The first man to cure diabetes.D.The first man to“clone himself”.CSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning2.What is Dr.Wood referred to as?_G R _ Multip
47、le Choice2DA.The man to clone Dolly.B.The first man to clone human embryonic stem cells.C.The first man to cure diabetes.D.The first man to“clone himself”.DSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 CloningG R _ Multiple Choice33.What has led to the firestor
48、m of controversy?_A.Humanizing cloning.B.Providing a roadmap.C.Serving the purpose of helping the patients.D.A woman donating an egg.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning3.What has led to the firestorm of controversy?_G R _ Multiple Choice3AA.Hu
49、manizing cloning.B.Providing a roadmap.C.Serving the purpose of helping the patients.D.A woman donating an egg.ASupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning3.What has led to the firestorm of controversy?_G R _ Multiple Choice3BA.Humanizing cloning.B.Pr
50、oviding a roadmap.C.Serving the purpose of helping the patients.D.A woman donating an egg.BSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 8 Cloning3.What has led to the firestorm of controversy?_G R _ Multiple Choice3CA.Humanizing cloning.B.Providing a roadmap.C.S