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1、中考英语语法中考英语语法:状语从句状语从句一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句在时间状语从句中,通常要用动词的一般现在时态表示将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来式。时间状语从句常用连词有:when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,as soon as(或 the moment),by the time,no sooner than,hardly(scarcely)when,every time 等引导。1 1 考查考查 when,while,aswhen,while,as 引导,表示“当时候引导,表示“当时候.【考例】一 M
2、um,_shall we have lunch?We will have it when your dad_.07 连云港市A when;returnsB where returnsC where;willreturnDwhen;will return答案A 解析 答语中 when 引导了一个时间状语从句,主句用了一般将来时态,所以从句用一般现在时态,可见正确答案在 A 与 B 之中。既然答语用了时间状语来答复,可见问句询问的也一定是时间,从而确定正确答案为 A。2.before 的用法:before 的本意为“在之前,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有 就,趁着还没 就,不知不觉就,
3、才等。如:【考例】Could you please give me your e-mail address _you go?昆明市A.as soon asB.beforeC.afterD.until答案B 解析这四个词(组)都可以引导时间状语从句,as soon as 一就 before在之前;after 在之后;until 直到才。分析句子可以看出句意为“在你走之前把你的电子邮件地址给我好吗?2 2 until 和till 的用法:与肯定式的主句连用,主句谓语必须是延续性动词,till/until表示“直到;与否认式的主句连用,且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时,till/until表示“直到才。其
4、强调句型为“notuntil,位于句首时要采用倒装形式。如:【考例】一 Hurry upThe bus is comingOh。noWe mustnt cross the street _the traffic lights are green福州市A afterB sinceC whileDuntil答案D 解析此题应从句意人手。until 常用于否认句中,构成notuntil结构,意为“直到才,该句意为“直到交通灯变绿,我们才能穿过马路。The kids didnt start to fly kites in the playground _the rain stopped.成都市A.if
5、B.untilC.whenever答案B解析 notuntil直到才。“直到雨停孩子们才可以去操场放风筝,-Look!Here comes our school bus.-No hurry.Dont get on it _it has stopped.安徽省A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.whenA解析句中有 dont,可想 not until 为固定结构,意为“直到才。第-1-页 共 8 页二、条件状语从句二、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的附属连词有 if,unless(=if not 如果不,除非),as/so longas,while(=as long as 只要),sup
6、posing(that),provided/providing(that),in case(假使),on condition that(在的条件下)等。如:【考例】_you go to bed earlier,you wont feel tired in the mornings沈阳市A UnlessB BecauseCIfDWhen答案C 解析考查 if 引导的条件状语从句。“假设你早一点上床睡觉,那么你在上午就不会感到累。You wont pass your exams _ you work harder.广东省A.whenB.ifC.unlessD.after答案C 解析when,aft
7、er 一引导的是时间状语从句,不合题意;if,unless 引导的是条件状语从句,If 不合句意,“除非你更加努力地学习,否那么,你不会通过考试。故用 unless。三、让步状语从句三、让步状语从句用来引导让步地点状语从句的附属连词有:though,although,even ifthough,while(虽然、尽管),for a11(that)(尽管)whether or(不管不管还是)以及“疑问词+everwhatever,wherever,whoever,however,和“no matter+疑问词等。【考例】Shall we go on working?Yes,I prefer to
8、 have a rest.2004 江西省南昌AwhenBifCbecauseDthough答案:D命题立意:此题考查附属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析:依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。Edison never gave up,he failed many times.(2004 四川)AandBthoughCor答案:B命题立意:此题考查附属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析:依据题意:即使爱迪生失败屡次,他也决不放弃。though 用来引导让步状语从句。应选 B。四、目的状语从句四、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的附属连词有 so that,in order that
9、(为了,以便);in case(以防,以免),lest(免得,以防),for fear that(以免,惟恐)等。从句中一般含有can,could,may,might,will,would 等情态动词。如:【考例】一 More and more people in Beijingare learning English _they canbetter serve the 2021 0lympic Games一 Im sure they will宜昌市Abecause ofB so thatCeven thoughDas if第-2-页 共 8 页答案B解析 此题也应从句意人手。越来越多的人学习
10、英语,“为的是能更多更好地为奥运效劳。so that 引导一个目的状语从句。五、结果状语从句五、结果状语从句【考例】The camera isexpensiveI cant affordit.(2004 辽宁本溪)A.so,thatB.such,thatC.so,as toD.enough,that答案:A命题立意:此题考查附属连词引导结果状语从句的用法。试题解析:依据题意:这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive 为形容词,sothat句中要用形容词或副词;suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。应选 A。第-3-页 共 8 页【语法回忆】状语从句的分类。1.时间状语从
11、句用法要点。1as、when、while 用法一览表。类别作用例句as 表示“当的时候,往往She came up as I was cooking.(同和 when/while 通用,但它着重强时)as调主句与从句的动作或事情同时The runners started as the gun或几乎同时发生。went off.(几乎同时)(at or during the time that)既可以Itwasrainingwhenwe表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在arrived.(指时间点)whe某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作When we were at school,wen或事情可以同时发生
12、也可以先后went to the library every day.(在发生。一段时间内)while 意思是“当的时候或Please dont talk so loud while“在某一段时间里。主句中的动others are working.作或事情在从句中的动作或事情whilHefellasleepwhile/when的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词ereading.Strike while the iron is一般要用延续性动词。在 when 表hot.(用 as 或 when 不可,这里的示 a period of time 时,两者可以互while 意思是“趁)换。但凡从句都必须
13、有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有 when,before,after,until,assoon as,while 等,具体用法如下:1.when 意为“当时,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如:I feel very happy when you come to see me.你们来看我时,我感到很快乐。When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.你们过街道时,一定要小心。when 引导的时间状语从句,when 的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词。例如:He was working at the t
14、able when I went in.当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。I will visit my good friend when I have time.当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.当我在上海时,我为一家外国企业工作。注:when 也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事。I was fishing by the river,
15、when someone called for help.我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab,when the lights went out.我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。2.before 意为“在之前,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如:We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前,我们清扫了教室。第-4-页 共 8 页He had been a cook before he went to col
16、lege.他上大学前曾当过厨师。after 意为“在之后,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如:After you use plastic bags,you mustnt throw them about.你们用过了塑料袋之后,不准到处乱扔。He called me after he had finished his work.他在工作完之后给我打了个。注:假设主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.3.since 引导的时间状语从句,译为“
17、自从,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。例如:We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.自从我们开始做饭起,我们已经包了许多饺子了。We havent seen each other since we parted.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。注:常用句型:It is+时间段+since 从句译为:自从有多长时间了。例如:It is six years since she graduated from the university.自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。4.until 意为“直到时,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作
18、发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否认形式,not.until.意为“直到才,这时的 until 可以用 before 来替换。例如:Ill stay here until you come back.我会呆在这里,直到你回来。(stay 表示的动作可以持续)He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go tobed 表示的动作不能持续)5.as soon as 意为“一就,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发生。例如:Ill t
19、ell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。6.while 引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与同时,在期间,while 的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。例如:They rushed in while we were discussing problems.当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.当我正在打电子游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。注:while 也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而。
20、例如:I like listening to music,while my brother likes doing sports.我喜欢听音乐,而我的兄弟爱好运动。7.till 和 until 引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到为止,not till/until 引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到才。前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用点动词。例如:I will wait for my friend until/till he comes.我要一直等到我朋友来。We wont start our discussion until/till he comes.我们要等到他来了
21、,再开始我们的讨论。2.条件状语从句用法要点。我们主要看一下由 if 引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果,引导条件状语从句第-5-页 共 8 页时,表示假设有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如:If it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。If I get there early,I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。3.地点状语从句用法要点。常用 where哪里和 wherever无论哪里例如:Where there is a
22、 will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。We will go wherever the motherland needs us most.我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。4.原因状语从句用法要点。常用的引导连词有 because,as 和 since。三者的区别是:在答复以下问题的时候,使用 because;对于显而易见的原因,常用 as 或 since;as 和 since 的从句常放在主句之前,而 because 的从句常放在主句之后。eg.Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to go.你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去。He wa
23、s angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音。As it was raining hard,we had to be indoors.由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里。Since you feel ill,youd better not go to work.既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。5.目的状语从句用法要点。常用的引导连词有 so that,that 和 in order that 译为:以便,为了,目的是。例如:Please speak more slow
24、ly so that we can make full notes.请讲慢一点,以便我们能作详细笔记。I shall write down your address that I may not forget.我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记。I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到。注:目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语 eg.We work harder than usual finish it in a week.我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一
25、周内完成工作。三:主句与从句时态一致的问题。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分以下两种情况:1.假设主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如:Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.如果你们有问题要问的话,请举手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red.红灯亮时,车辆必须停下。2.假设主从句谓语动词都是陈
26、述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如:She could sing when she was four years old.她四岁的时候就会唱歌。第-6-页 共 8 页【语法过关】【语法过关】1I was drawing a horse _the teacher came in.A.whileB.asC.whenD.themoment2Some passengers were walking through oneof the big halls at Paris Charles DeGaulle Airport _the whole roof(屋顶)fell down.A.whileB
27、.as soon asC.when D.after3You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise,such as running and walking.A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where4-Shall we go on working?-Yes,_ I prefer to have a rest.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though5None of us knew what had happened _they told us about it.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though6-I hope
28、 youll enjoy your trip,dear!-Thank you,mum.Ill give you a call _ I get there.A.untilB.as soon asC.sinceD.till7The camera isexpensiveI cant afford it.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.so,as toD.enough,that8I never seem to lose any weight,hard I try.A.even thoughB.no matter howC.as if D.ever since9Shall we go on
29、working?Yes,I prefer to have a rest.AwhenBifCbecauseDthough10Edison never gave up,he failed many times.AandBthoughCor11 The policeman asked the childcross the streetthe traffic lightsturned green.Anot;whenBdont;beforeCnot to;until12-Its time to go to bed,Li Ming.-Mum,I have a lot of homework to do,I
30、 wont go to bedI finish itA.afterB.untilC.as soon asD.since13You should make a good plan _ you do anything important.A.beforeB.afterC.thoughD.until14_ they are brothers,they dont look like each other at all.A.BecauseB.ThoughC.WhenD.As15。I enjoy learning English,_ it takes me a lot of time.A.as ifB.t
31、houghC.becauseD.for第-7-页 共 8 页【参考答案】【参考答案】1。答案 C 解析:when 为并列连词“这时=and then,句意为:我们正当我在画马的时候,这是老师进来了。while 表示“正当时,用于同时进行的动作。2答案 C 解析:依据题结构,be doing sthwhen表示“正在这时的意思。应选 C。3答案A 解析:从意思上看,从句应是一个条件状语从句,在这四个选项中只有 if 能引导条件状语从句,所以选 A。4答案 D 解析:从意思上看,只有选 though 才能说得通。5答案B 解析:本句的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。要表达着一意思应用“notun
32、til 这一句型。6答案 B 解析:此题的意思是“一到那里,我就给你打。要表达这个意思应选用 as soon as。7答案 A 解析:依据题意:这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive 为形容词,sothat句中要用形容词或副词;suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。应选 A。8答案B 解析:依据题意:无论我如何努力,好似也没有减肥。9答案 D 解析:依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。10答案 B 解析:依据题意:即使爱迪生失败屡次,他也决不放弃。though 用来引导让步状语从句。应选 B。11答案 C 解析:until 用在否认句中,主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直到 tilluntil所表示的时间才发生。应选 C。12答案 B 解析:until 用在否认句中,主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直到 tilluntil所表示的时间才发生。应选 C。13 答案 A 解析:依据题意:在你做重要的事情之前,应该做好方案。表示“在之前的意思,故应选用 A。14。答案B 解析:依据题意:尽管他们是兄弟,但他们彼此一点都不像。引导让步状语从句,应选B。15。答案B解析:依据题意:尽管他花费了我很多时间,但我还是喜欢学英语。应选B。第-8-页 共 8 页