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1、20182018年6 6月四级考试真题（第三套）PartPartWritingWriting(30(30minutes)minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to writea short essay on thethe importanceimportance ofofspeakingspeaking abilityability andand howhow toto developdevelop it it.You should write at least 120 words but
2、nomore than 180 words.PartPart Listening ComprehensionListening Comprehension说明：说明：20182018年年6 6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。PartPart Section ASection AReading ComprehensionReading Comprehension(40 minutes)(40 minut
3、es)Directions:Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a lette
4、r.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerAnswerSheet 2Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels.They areused to create some of the
5、energy used by the insurance company inside.When the tower was first26in 1962,it was covered with thin square stones.These small square stones became a problemfor the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was27.During this renovation the buildings owners,C
6、IS,28the solar panel company,Solarcentury.They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels.In 2004,the completed CIS tower becameEuropes largest29of vertical solar panels.A vertical solar project on such a large30hasnever been repeated since.Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never
7、been done before,and the CIS tower waschosen as one of the“10 best green energy projects”.For a long time after this renovation project,itwas the tallest building in the United Kingdom,but it was31overtaken by the MillbankTower.Green buildings like this arent32cost-efficient for the investor,but it
8、does produce muchless pollution than that caused by energy33through fossil fuels.As solar panels get34,the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels,collecting energy much like treesdo.Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasnt a race of35,but rather one tocoll
9、ect the most solar energy.A)cheaperB)cleanerC)collectionD)competedE)constructedF)consultedG)dimensionH)discoveredI)eventuallyJ)heightK)necessarilyL)productionM)rangeN)scaleO)undertakenSection BSection BDirections:Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached
10、 to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2Answer Sheet
11、2.Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their HomeworkSome College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their HomeworkA)Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework,take quizzes,and turn in homework.As universities go dig
12、ital,students are complaining of a newhit to their finances thats replacingand sometimes joiningexpensive textbooks:pricey onlineaccess codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.B)The codeswhich typically range in price from$80 to$155 per coursegive students onlineaccess
13、to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson.Thesecompanies,which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers,have boasted that their newonline offerings,when pushed to students through universities they partner with,represent thefuture of the industry.C)But critics sa
14、y the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos(观念)of thetextbook business,and are even harder for students to opt out of.While they could once buysecond-hand textbooks,or share copies with friends,the digital systems are essentially impossibleto avoid.D)“When we talk about the ac
15、cess code we see it as the new face of the textbookmonopoly(垄断),a new way to lock students around this system,”said Ethan Senack,the higher education advocatefor the.Public Interest Research Group,to BuzzFeed News.“Rather than$250(for a printtextbook)youre paying$120,”said Senack.“But because its al
16、l digital it eliminates the used bookmarket and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code,it eliminates any ability to opt out.”E)Sarina Harper,a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech,was faced with a tough dilemma when shefirst started college in 2015pay rent o
17、r pay to turn in her chemistry homework.She toldBuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect,a system providedby McGraw Hill where students can submit homework,take exams and track their grades.But thecode to access the program cost$120a big sum for Harper,who had alre
18、ady put down$450 fortextbooks,and had rent day approaching.F)She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck,which was typically$150-$200,to pay forthe code.She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result.“Its a balancing act,”shesaid.“Can I really afford these access codes now”Sh
19、e didnt hand in her first two assignments forchemistry,which started her out in the class with a failing grade.G)The access codes may be another financial headache for students,but for textbook businesses,theyre the future.McGraw Hill,which controls 21%of the higher education market,reported inMarch
20、 that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015.The companysaid that 45%of its$140 million revenue in 2015“was derived from digital products.”H)A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that“digital materials are less expensive and a goodinvestment”that offer new feat
21、ures,like audio texts,personalized knowledge checks and expertvideos.Its digital course materials save students up to 60%compared to traditional printedtextbooks,the company added.McGraw Hill didnt respond to a request for comment,but its CEODavid Levin told the Financial Times in August that“in hig
22、her education,the era of the printedtextbook is now over.”I)The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students.“These digitalproducts arent just mechanisms for students to submit homework,they offer all kinds offeatures,”David Anderson,the executive director of hig
23、her education with the Association ofAmerican Publishers,told BuzzFeed News.“It helps students understand in a way that youcantdo with print homework assignments.”J)David Hunt,an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University,which has rolled out digitaltextbooks across its math and psycholo
24、gy departments,told BuzzFeed News that he understandsthe utility of using systems that require access codes.But he doesnt require his students to buyaccess to a learning program that controls the class assignments.“I try to make things asinexpensive as possible,”said Hunt,who uses free digital textb
25、ooks for his classes but designs hisown curriculum.“The online systems may make my life a lot easier butI feel like Im giving upcontrol.The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefitthe students most.”K)A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she no
26、rmally spends$500-$600 on access codes for class.In one case,the professor didnt require students to buy atextbook,just an access code to turn in homework.This year she said she spent$900 on accesscodes to books and programs.“Thats two months of rent,”she said.“You cant sell any of it back.With a tr
27、aditional textbook you can sell it for$30-$50 and that helps to pay for your newsemesters books.With an access code,youre out of that money.”L)Benjamin Wolverton,a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina,told BuzzFeedNews that“its ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tui
28、tion we have to pay for allthese access codes to do our homework.”Many of the access codes hes purchased have beenrequired simply to complete homework or quizzes.“Often its only 10%of your grade in class,”hesaid.“Youre paying so much money for something that hardly affects your gradebut if youdidnt
29、have it,it would affect your grade enough.It would be bad to start out at a B or C.”Wolverton said he spent$500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.M)Harper,a poultry(家禽)science major,is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a newaccess code to hand in her homework
30、.She rented her economics and statistics textbooks forabout$20 each.But her access codes for homework,which cant be rented or boughtsecond-hand,were her most expensive purchases:$120 and$85.N)She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices.“We dont
31、 really have a missed assignment policy,”she said.“If you miss it,you just miss it.I justgot zeros on a couple of first assignments.I managed to pull everything back up.But as a scaredfreshman looking at their grades,its not fun.”36.A students yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent
32、 for two months.37.The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.38.If a student takes a course again,they may have to buy a new access code to submit theirassignments.39.McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.40.Many
33、 traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products,which they believewill be the future of the publishing business.41.One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition.42.Digital materials can cost students less than half the pric
34、e of traditional printed books accordingto a publisher.43.One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.44.Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise fortheir students.45.Digital access codes are crit
35、icized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook business.Section CSection CDirections:Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the
36、 best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetAnswer Sheet2 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OnePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.For thousands of years,people have known that the best
37、 way to understand a concept is toexplain it to someone else.“While we teach,we learn,”said Roman philosopher Seneca.Nowscientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date.Theyre documenting why teaching is such afruitful way to learn,and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in in
38、struction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understandthe material,recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively.Student teachers score higher ontests than pupils whore learning only for their own sake.But how can children,still learningthemsel
39、ves,teach others One answer:They can tutor younger kids,Some studies have found thatfirst-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings(兄弟姐妹).This suggests theirhigher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings.Now educators are experimentingwith ways to apply th
40、is model to academic subjects.They engage college undergraduates to teachcomputer science to high school students,who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the“teachable agent”a computerizedcharacter who learns,tries,makes mistakes a
41、nd asks questions just like a real-world pupil.Computerscientists have created an animated(动画的)figure called Bettys Brain,who has been“taught”about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students.Student teachers are motivatedto help Betty master certain materials.While preparing to teac
42、h,they organize their knowledge andimprove their own understanding.And as they explain the information to it,they identify problems intheir own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors learning.The agentsquestions compel student tutors to think and explain the material
43、s in different ways,and watchingthe agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.Above all,its the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning.Student tutorsfeel upset when their teachable agents fail,but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as theyder
44、ive pride and satisfaction from someone elses accomplishment.46.What are researchers rediscovering through their studiesA)Senecas thinking is still applicable today.B)Better learners will become better teachers.C)Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D)Philosophical thinking improves instruction
45、.47.What do we learnabout Bettys BrainA)It is a character in a popular animation.B)It is a teaching tool under development.C)It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D)It is a tutor for computer science students.48.How does teaching others benefit student tutorsA)It makes them aware of what they ar
46、e strong at.B)It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C)It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D)It enables them to better understand their teachers.49.What do students do to teach their teachable agentsA)They motivate them to think independently.B)They ask them to design their o
47、wn questions.C)They encourage them to give prompt feedback.D)They use various ways to explain the materials.50.What is the key factor that eases student tutors learningA)Their sense of responsibility.C)The learning strategy acquired.B)Their emotional involvement.D)The teaching experience gained.Pass
48、age TwoPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A new batch of young women members of the so-called Millennial(千禧的)generationhasbeen entering the workforce for the past decade.At the starting line of their careers,they are
49、 bettereducated than their mothers and grandmothers had been or than their young male counterpartsare now.But when they look ahead,they see roadblocks to their success.They believe that womenare paid less than men for doing the same job.They think its easier for men to get top executive jobsthan it
50、is for them.And they assume that if and when they have children,it will be even harder forthem to advance in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did20-30 years ago,most believe more change is needed.Among Millennial women,75%say thiscountr