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1、高考英语阅读理解复习 猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中，应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。每年高考英语试题中，猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型，因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：语境法和构词法。下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义，这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。常用的语境法有： 通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有 or, mean, inother words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer
2、 to, that is to say 等。有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语（从句）来表示的。例 1：.Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animalslately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmedentertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 producti
3、ons this year. .1. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。好莱坞流行使用真的动物参与电影拍摄，而这些动物没有得到很好的对待，由此引发了动物权益保护主义者们的关注。1. 本题应选 D 项。划线部分前面的定语从句解释了非营利组织的工作：监督在
4、电影拍摄过程中动物是被如何对待的，故可推知划线部分与“监督”相关，故选 D 项。 通过例子猜测词义。用于举例的单词或短语有 like, including, such as, for example, forinstance 等。例 2：Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carryout huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on cityst
5、reets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. .2. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了人工智能的发展，包括现在人工智能的缺陷以及发展通用人工智能的前景。2. 本题应选 D 项
6、。划线单词后面用 For example 引出三个例子具体解释了划线单词所在句，我们可以据此来判断 ubiquitous 的含义。三个例子分别提到了 financial markets（金融方面）、self-driving cars（交通方面）和 language（语言方面）。由此可知，第一句强调人工智能的影响范围广，在生活中“随处可见”，故选 D 项。 通过对比关系猜测词义。用于表示对比关系的单词或短语有 but, however, although,while, yet, even though, contrary to, in contrast to, instead of, in sp
7、ite of, on the other hand 等。例 3：According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size andconsumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary toexisting research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions
8、(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.3. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究。3. 本题应选 D 项。根据划线单词所在句中的 contrary to 可知，划线单词应与 heavi
9、er people表示相反的含义，故选 D 项。例 4：Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can evendistinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryoniclearning ( 胎 教 ), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornitholo
10、gicalAdvances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch ( 孵 化 ).New-born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world.4. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “_”.A. be the worst B. be the bestC. be just as bad D. be just as good【
11、分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了鸟儿在胎教方面比人类更出色。4. 本题应选 B 项。划线短语所在句中的 But 表明此句与前面的句子形成对比。通过对比婴儿出生前和鸟儿孵化出来前的能力可知，鸟妈妈在胎教方面表现得更好，故选 B 项。 通过因果关系猜测词义。用于表示因果关系的单词或短语有 because, so, since, as, sothat, result in, as a result 等。例 5：.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said thestudy wa
12、s praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language.But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little tocommunicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained
13、in their gestures andactions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals conveywith non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”5. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference. B. Conflict.C. Balance. D. Connection.【分析】本文
14、是说明文。文章介绍了一项关于黑猩猩交流所用手势的研究。5 本题应选 A 项。最后一段承接上一段，介绍 Dr Susanne Shultz 对研究结果感到失望的原因。划线单词所在句中的 So 表明划线句是前面各句导致的结果。根据 the study . enrich ourknowledge of the evolution of human language 和 the meanings seem to . with non-verbalcommunication 可知，对黑猩猩交流手势的研究丰富了我们对人类语言进化的知识，但黑猩猩交流手势所传达的含义和其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的含义似乎没
15、什么不同。因此，人类语言和黑猩猩交流手势之间还是存在“差异”的，故选 A 项。2. 构词法构词法一般包括派生（通过添加前缀或后缀构成另一个词）、合成（由两个或更多的词合成一个词）和转化（由一个词类转化为另一词类）。了解和掌握一些构词法知识有助于在阅读过程中猜测词义。例 6：.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of thecontinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development
16、. By the 1920s,wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into thedeep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.6. What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested. B. Separated.C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.【分析】本文是说明文。过去在黄石公园随处可见的灰狼消失了，这引发了一系列生态问题，因此政府计划重新引入狼群。6. 本题应选 C 项。划线单词 displaced 由 place 加前缀 dis-构成。dis-前缀通常表示“不；相反的；分离”等否定含义。结合段落中的 wolves had practically disappeared 和 They went farthernorth into the deep forests 可知，此处指灰狼被迫离开家园，故选 C 项。学科网（北京）股份有限公司