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1、分词作状语40331在英语中,当名词有多个形容词修饰时,就有它们的先后顺序。下面的口诀可帮你记住这一先后顺序,也是解题的关键。限定描绘大长高,限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠;作用类别往后靠;“限定词限定词”包括包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。“描绘描绘”性形容
2、词性形容词如:beautiful、bad、cold、great等。“大长高大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示“形状形状”的词如:round square等。“国籍国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。“材料材料”的词如:wooden,woolen,stone,silk等。“作用类别作用类别”的词如:medical,college,writing desk,police car分词的时态语态变化表分词的时态语态变化表时时态态 语语态态主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式现在分词一般式现在分词一般式doingbeing done现在分词完成式现在分词完成式 Having donehaving been
3、done过去分词过去分词done注:注:1)分词分现在分词和过去分词。)分词分现在分词和过去分词。2)现在分词在时态上分一般式和完成式。)现在分词在时态上分一般式和完成式。一般式(一般式(doing)表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时或基本同时发生。)表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时或基本同时发生。完成式(完成式(havingdone)表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。)表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.Havingstudiedintheuniversityfor3years,heknowsthe
4、placeverywell.3)现在分词在语态上分主动和被动。现在分词在语态上分主动和被动。Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.4)过去分词本身就既可表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作,又含有被动意义。过去分词本身就既可表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作,又含有被动意义。分词/分词短语作状语 分词或分词短语作状语,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。可以表示时间(when,while,once,until),原因(as,since,because),结果(so that)
5、,条件(if,unless),让步(though,even if)等(这时可用状语从句取代);还表示行为方式、伴随状况等(可用并列句替代)。状语从句改为分词短语做状语的条件是:主句与从句的主语要一致。主句与从句的主语要一致。然后,再考虑以下几点:1.此时,可以省略从句中的连词、主语及助动词,将从句中的谓语动词改为分词形式。2.从句中的连词若是when,while,where,as if,even if,although,once,unless,until,可以保留该连词。3.在该分词的时态和语态上,分以下几种情况:(1)从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系,并且主从
6、句动作并且主从句动作(基基本本)同时发生时同时发生时,即用现在分词的一般式即用现在分词的一般式:doing When they heard the news,they all danced for joy.When hearing/Hearing the news,they all danced for joy.Exercises:Because I am a student,I must study hard.If you exercise every morning,youll improve your health.Although I admit what you say,I stil
7、l think you are wrong.The children ran out of the room,and laughed and talked merrily.Flowers danced in the gentle breeze as if they were giving encouragement to the people working in the fields.Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.(If)Exercisingeverymorning,(Although)Admittingwhatyousay,laughingandtalkingm
8、errily.,asifgiving(2)从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系,并且从句动作在主句并且从句动作在主句动作之前发生或从句中的谓语本来就是完成时动作之前发生或从句中的谓语本来就是完成时,即用现在分词的即用现在分词的完成式完成式:havingdoneBecause he had lived in the city for years,he knew it very well.Havinglived in the city for years,he knew it very well.Once you have made a promise,you shou
9、ld keep it.Although he has never been there before,he found the house without any difficulty.Because she hadnt received his letter,she decided to write again.(Once)Havingmadeapromise,(Although)Neverhavingbeentherebefore,Nothavingreceivedhisletter,1.(3)从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系,从句的谓语从句的谓语时态是进行
10、时时态是进行时,并且主从句动作并且主从句动作(基本基本)同时发生时同时发生时,即即用现在分词的一般式的被动语态用现在分词的一般式的被动语态:beingdone2.When you are being talked to,you should look into the eyes of the person.3.(When)Beingtalkedto,you1.(4)从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系,从句的谓语动从句的谓语动作发生在主句动作之前作发生在主句动作之前,即用现在分词的完成式的被动语即用现在分词的完成式的被动语态态:havingbeendone(一般不用
11、一般不用done)2.If I had been given more time,I would have done it better.1.Havingbeengivenmoretime,I(5)从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系,并且主从句并且主从句动作动作(基本基本)同时发生时同时发生时,即用过去分词即用过去分词:doneWhen it is heated,water changes into steam.(When)Heated,waterchangesintosteam.Because it is filled with excitement,this
12、is more than a novel about war at sea.If we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall.Although he was wounded,the brave soldier continued to fight.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.Filledwithexcitement,(If)United,westand;(if)divided,wefall.(Although)Wounded,Theteacherstoodtheresurroundedbythestudents.结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听!谢谢大家聆听!13