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1、精品_精品资料_虚拟语气的用法总结语气 ：语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度.语气的种类：（1） 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的,确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句,疑问句和某些感叹句.如We are ready.What a fine day it is.（2） 祈使语气 表示说话人的建议,恳求,邀请,命令等.如Open the door, Please.应留意以下几点：1. 主语通常是其次人称you,但多不显现,动词用原形,否定用do not或者 don t 加动词原形（或 be） 如 Be careful next time. Don t smoke here.
2、2. 有时为了强调, 主语也可以显现, 而且可以是第三人称, 谓语动词不加 -s 或者 -es 如 You be quiet. He stand up.3. 祈使语气可以用 do 加强语气 如 Do come to see this Sunday.4. 在 Lets 的祈使句后, 疑问部分通常用 shall we .在 Let us 后,疑问部分用 will you如 Let s go out for a walk after supper , shall we. /Let us clean our classroom, will you.5. 祈使句与连词and 连用时相当于一个条件句,而a
3、nd 之后就是表示结果.如Think hard and you will have a good idea.（3） 虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或估计等.如 If I were you, I should study English.一虚拟语气在条件从句的用法条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句.一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句.假如假设的情形是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句, 谓语要用陈述语气. 如 If it doesn t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.假如假设的情形是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能
4、发生的, 就是虚拟条件句. 如 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中, 主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气,列表如下：从句（条件句）主句（结果句）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_与现在事实相反的假设1） 动词过去式2） Be 一般用 wereShouldWould+动词原形CouldMight Should可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_与过去事实相反的假设Had +分词Would+ have+ 过去分词Could Might可编辑资料 - - - 欢
5、迎下载精品_精品资料_与将来事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小1） should+ 动词原形2） were to+ 动词原形ShouldWould+ 动词原形Could Might可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例如： If he were here, everything would be all right.If her mother had taken the doctors advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be cance
6、led.有时候省略 if ,采纳局部倒装语序.把had /should/were等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首.例如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen.二. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一样,这时需要依据意思采纳表示不同
7、时间的动词形式来进行调整.If she had taken the doctor s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.三含蓄条件句1. 有时候假设的情形并不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示.如 Without airIf there were no air, there would be no living things.But for your help If it hadn t been for your help, I couldn t have
8、 done it.2. 假设的条件通过上下文表现出来.I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.I was ill that day.Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.3. 表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知.（1） 省去条件从句You could have washed your clothes yourself. （你本可以自己洗衣服的. ） 省去了 If you had wanted to .（事实是：你自己没洗衣服,由于你不想洗.）（2）
9、 省去主句（常用以表示愿望）If my grandmother were with me. 假如我的祖母和我在一起多好啊； 事实是：祖母已不在世.四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 “wish+宾语从句 ”表示不行能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“惋惜 、悔不该 、但愿 ”.表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式.表示将来不行能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形 ”.表示过去不行能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词 ”.如： I wish I were better-looking.要是我长得再美丽些就好了.I wish I had met the film star just now
10、.我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊；I wish I would be a solider.我想当一名军人.【考例】How I wish every familya large house with a beautiful garden. 上海 2022 春A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had【答案】 B. 在表示建议、 要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法 advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist,order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest 等动词后面的宾语
11、从句,或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中,从句谓语用 “should+动词原形 ”,其中在美国英语中,should 常省略.如：The young man insisted that I should go with his fellows.这个年轻人坚持要我同他的同伴们一起去.The doctor advised that he change his job.医生建议他换工作.【考例】 Teachers recommend parentstheir children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 福建 202
12、2A. not allowB. do not allowC. mustn t allow D. couldn t allow可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_【答案】 A. 在 wouldrather 后的宾语从句中,谓语经常用过去时来表示现在或将来的情形,用过去完成时表示过去的情形.如： Shall I open the window.我可以把窗户打开吗 .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ I d rather you didn【考例】我觉得仍t.是不要.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_George is going to talk about
13、the geography of his country, but I radther hemore on its culture. 江苏 2022A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused【答案】 B. 在 Itis +形容词 important,necessary, good, right,wrong,better,natural,proper, funny,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_strange, surprising +that 从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“ should动+ It is natural tha
14、t she should do so.很自然她应当这样做.【考例】 Don t you think it necessary that heto Miami but to New York. I agree, but the problem ishe has refused to. 江苏 2022A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what【答案】 B.五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用1. if only 的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气词原形 ”的结构.
15、如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_if only与 I wish 一样, 也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所接虚拟语气的时态与wish 后所接时态的情形相同.如：If only the player had had more courage.这位选手再多有一些士气就好了.If only Daisy would go with me.黛茜要是情愿和我一起去就好了.【考例】Look at the trouble I am in. If only Iyour advice. 上海 2022 春A. followedB. would followC. had followedD. s
16、hould follow【答案】 C.2. as if as though 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if as though 引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气.(1) as if 从句用陈述语气的情形.当说话者所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时.如：It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨.(2) as if 从句用虚拟语气的情形.当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情形时.从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下： 从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时.如：He talks as if he knew wher
17、e she was.他说话的样子,似乎他知道她在哪里似的. 从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had过去分词” .如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他说起罗马来似乎他以前去过似的. 从句表示将来发生的可能性不大,谓语动词用“would could, might 动词原形” .如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It looks as if it might snow.看起来似乎要下雪了.3. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气（1）以 in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中,谓语多用cou
18、ld/might+ 动词原形,在口语中常用 can/could+ 动词原形She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.2以 lest, for fear that和 in case 引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词多用（should ） +动词原形.She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it should rain.六其他形式的虚拟语气1. It s time that句型中的虚拟语气在 Its time that句型中,从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should+
19、 动词原形should 不能省略 ,其意为“ 早该做某事了” .如：It hsigh time that we were off.是我们该走的时候了.2. 在 would/had rather, wouldjust as soon, would sooner和 would prefer结构中, 也用虚拟语气.共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时,表示现在或将来要做的事.用过去完成时,就表示过去的情形.Id rather you left tomorrow.I would just as soon you had told me the truth yesterday. I would rathe
20、r have bought the dictionary.3. 表示“希望”时,常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它”.如：May you have a good journey.祝你一路顺风；May your youth last forever.祝你青春永驻；强化训练1. more careful, his bus would not have knocked into the tree.A. If the driver wereB. Had the driver beenC. Should the driver beD. If the driver would have bee
21、n2. the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for3. Look at the terrible situation you are in. If only youmy advice.A. listen toB. would listen toC. had listened toD. have listened to4. Had Henry received two more votes in the las
22、t election, heour monitor now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be5. If the athlete won today, heeight races in a game.A. would have wonB. wonC. must have wonD. did have won6. It is time that our mayormeasures to protect the poor in the street.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking7. If I had read the report, Iyou all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told8. It s a pity you didn t won the competition.I had had more practice.A. If onlyB. As ifC. If notD. As with Key: 1-5 BBCDA6-8 BAA可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载