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1、2022年北京中医药大学东方学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【2009.7 The house was quiet in the night,the occasional coughing from my throat.A、as forB、such asC、instead ofD、except for【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查短语意义区分。译文：除了偶尔我咳嗽一下以外，这所房 子在夜晚非常安静。A至于，关于；B例如；C代替，而不是；D除了以 外第2题【单项选择题】【I闻读选择】Climate scientists are not present every
2、where. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, theyre asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest birds, tree
3、s, flowers budding, etc, and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cove
4、r a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All thats needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.In ZAII thats needed to become one. (paragraph 2) ”, what does the word oneC、to make food from inorganic chemical
5、sD、to change the color of its skin【正确答案】A【答案解析】作者举例，证明观点；例子不需要看懂，关键要看论据；一般论点 在前（前一句或段落首句），论据在后。第19题【单项选择题】2009.04 If payment is not received, legal action will be our only.A、aggressionB、advantageC、alternativeD、ambition【正确答案】C【答案解析】此题考查词义选择。译文：如果我们收不到付款，那就只好诉诸法 律了。A挑衅、侵犯；B优势、优点；C选择、取舍；D野心、抱负。第20题【单项选
6、择题】【填句补文】There is a difference between science and technology. . Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and
7、 procedures for applying the findings of science.A、Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.B、 We are all familiar with the improper use of technology.C、Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor.D、Science is a m
8、ethod of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.10【正确答案】D【答案解析】第一句总述了科学和技术是有差异的。缺空后是对两者的分述，因 此缺空处也应是对两者的分述，应选D。第21题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the
9、factors of production namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP because the factors of production do not receive payment for
10、 either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses dir
11、ectly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph?A、GNP equals national income plus i
12、ndirect business taxes.B GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.C、Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.D、 The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.【正确答案】D【答案解
13、析】此题的依据是本段的The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income.这个句子。对原句的词语选项 D 用了别的表达方法，但大意仍保持不变。11第22题【单项选择题】2009.10 There are many sales this season, during which stores will lower theirprices.A、normalB generalC、ordinaryD、usual【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查形容词辨析。整句话
14、的意思为:这个季节有很多促销活动， 在此期间商店都会降低商品的原价。A正常的、平常的B普通的、一般的C普 通的 D寻常的、通常的第23题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth - literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a
15、 sudden high tide.Q: The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。该题目说的是：Kiribati的人民担忧他们的国家将被突发 的洪水淹没。该题源于第一句：Kiribati的国民担忧在近期的某一天，他们的国 家将会地球上面消失by a sudden high tide。第24题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Do you think sitting a
16、nd studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too. New research with older people 12suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didnt exercise.Walking regularly helps elderly people.A、lose weightB become happierC、c
17、oncentrate betterD、look younger【正确答案】c【答案解析】同义词替换有题干替换、选项替换。第25题【单项选择题】【I闻读选择】You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some
18、 extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently
19、 at his low point in the morning, he should.A、change his energy cycleB、overcome his lazinessC、get up earlier than usualD、go to bed earlier【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题要求读者找出本段中的最后两句，并联系本段开头两句的意思, 作出正确判断。本段开头说，“虽然你无法改变自己的能量周期，但你可以使你 的生活适合这一周期。Dr. Kleitman认为经常性的行为（对你的能量周期）能起作 用。”最后两句又说,.rise before your usual hour.
20、work better at your low point. （如果你在上午处于能量的低潮，但你有重要的工作要在上午做，那么 你就要比平时早起。这并不改变你的周期，但你可以在低潮时得到能量，工作得 更好。）因此选项C是正确答案。13第26题【单项选择题】【概括大意】If you are tired of making vague excuses for another dull summer at home, here is a thought to lift your spirits. You do not need anything so radical as winning a lott
21、ery （彩票）to finance a trip to Europe. A student identity card that can be obtained for a few dollars from the Council on International Educational Exchange entitles （给予、授权）you to discount tickets （打折机票）on certain charter flights to London and Paris, as well as reduced admission to many museums, cinem
22、as, and musical events. Once in Europe, you can stay at approved youth hostels for about two dollars a night. So dont give up your hopes of becoming an international traveler.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、It is easy for a student to travel in Europe during the summer.B、 The student needs to o
23、btain an identity card to travel at a cheap rate.C、The student could stay at approved youth hostels for about two dollars a night. D The students will become international travelers in summer.【正确答案】A【答案解析】这段话主要讲学生暑假去欧洲的一些优惠来论证学生去欧洲旅行是 很容易的。因此选择A。第27题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Helping the planet is a big part of w
24、hat our world trip is all about and that/s exactly what we did this past week. We helped get a hydroponics farm started in a local village. This farm will be a model for the local villagers so they can start their very own self sustaining farm. Hydroponics is a type of farming that uses a third of t
25、he water needed in an average farm and uses no soil. A hydroponics farmA、is difficult to buildB、is a type of farm without soilC、will cost lots of money14D、was started in the village before they came【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。词义理解题。根据关键词hydroponics farm迅速锁定本 段。再通过排除法可以判定B项是正确的。因为A和C表述的内容文章并没有 提到过。D项表述是错误的，因为那
26、个村庄在他们去之前并没有这种hydroponics farmo是他们到了之后，帮助建立了一个模型。第28题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience （伪科学）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only
27、 a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be.A、a member of the National Academy of ScienceB、a pseudo-scientistC、a science populariserD、a reporter【正确答案】B【答案解析】从这段文字中，我们可以了解到作者认
28、为，Sagan与伪科学作斗争 的一个实例就是Sagan摧毁了 Velikovsky的错误论述，即Velikovsky提出，在过 去几千年中，水星与地球和火星反复屡次相撞，这在圣经中有加载。第29题【单项选择题】2009.04 When you know Bob better, you will like him.A、go toB、got toC、went toD、get to15【正确答案】D【答案解析】译文：当你更加了解鲍勃时，你将会喜欢他的。试题分析：此题考 查主将从现。回详细解答：根据主将从现的原那么，主句用了一般将来时，时间状 语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。第30题【单项选择题】【阅读
29、选择】The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge.
30、 Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals fr
31、om violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is.A、to control violence within a societyB、to protect the world from chaosC、to free society from the idea of revengeD to give the governm
32、ent absolute power【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段的第一句话 The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law 是此题的答案。第31题【单项选择题】【2009.7 The wounded soldiers would recover quickly if they were well.A、nourishedB、stuffed C tamed16D、ventured【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查过去分词意义区分。译文：如果受伤的战士营养很好，他 们就会很快痊愈。A营养，滋养；B填满，
33、塞满；C驯服（猛兽）；D冒险第32题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. That is at least as important as how much we know.A、 Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationshi
34、ps with family members and friends.B He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.C、Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.D、 In his opinion, success in life
35、depends mainly on how we get along with other people.【正确答案】D【答案解析】后句中的代词we在D中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观 点句是通常论述文的开展特点，因此判断D正确。第33题【单项选择题】2009.7 The wounded soldiers would recover quickly if they were well.A、nourishedB、stuffedC、tamedD、ventured【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查过去分词意义区分。译文：如果受伤的战士营养很好，他17们就会很快痊愈。A营养，滋养；B填满，塞满；
36、C驯服（猛兽）；D冒险第34题【单项选择题】【概括大意】The charming smiles and service from the sales ladies and gentlemen are always there ready for you. More often than not （往往）,on such occasions newcomers from elsewhere, say, China mainland, may feel something more than mere uneasiness-even a sense of guilt if they do not
37、buy something from the shop. For some local old-timers （老前辈， 老人）,especially the teenagers, they feel quite at home with all these. Some of them think it is no good to be the God; sometimes they would rather be a shoplifter. The main idea of this paragraph is.A、 Hong Kong is worthy of its reputation
38、as a business center of the world.B、 It is uneasy to be offered smiles and services.C、Shopping or window-shopping here, you can really feel the meaning of The Customer is the God !D Shoplifting has been a frequent criminal offence.【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段强调的是这里“顾客是上帝的这种理念和气氛。因此选择C。第35题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】On the oth
39、er hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to
40、 communicate with a 125-year-old boss?AII of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT.A、 Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.B、 More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C、 The job market would be m
41、ore competitive.D、 It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.18【正确答案】B【答案解析】是非判断题。对照原文第九自然段On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs,排除选项 C； It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.除选项 D； And
42、 how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?排 除选项A；答案是Bo第36题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However; middle class is not a real designation, nor does it carry privileges. It is more of a perception, which prob
43、ably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing, more and more people owned their own homes, workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them, and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. The information in this passage dea
44、ls with.A、an individualB、a social and economic groupC、a political organizationD、Government【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。通过阅读本段，middle class中产阶级是一个群体，选答 案Bo第37题【单项选择题】2009.01 If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get.A、concentratedB、confusedC、confirmedD、convinced19stands for ?A、a citizen journal
45、istB、a citizen scientistC、a scientistD、a citizen【正确答案】B【答案解析】one不仅是数词也是代词；代词指代的名词或句子一般出现在代词 的前一句，要注意区分代词单、复数。第3题【单项选择题】If you are too of your children, they will never learn to deal with difficultiesin life.A、respectiveB、detectiveC、protectiveD、effective【正确答案】c【答案解析】题目意思：如果你对孩子过分保护，他们在生活中将永远学不会对 待困难。
46、此题是词义区分题。此题是A个别的、各自的 B侦探 C保护 的、防护的 D有效的第4题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass. A piece of lodestone （天然磁石）would be cut into the shape of a ladle （长 柄勺）.Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the lodestone would move round until the handle o
47、f the ladle pointed south while the bulk （主体）of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This interestingly shaped device is mentioned in a book from about 80. Other ancient books may have dated it as far back as the fourth century Jade （玉石）finders played an important role in the invention of the2
48、【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查形近形容词意义区分。句意：如果你试图一次学太多东西， 你就有可能糊涂了。A.浓缩的，专心的；B糊涂的，混淆的；C根深蒂固的；D 确信的。第38题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. You will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly. Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.Q: Due to the effect of alcohol, your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly