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1、2022年上海音乐学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Many of lifes failures, the supreme innovator said, are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but
2、in only two cases did his experiments work.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Importance of learning from failureB、Never a successful man gives upC、It is important to fail for a successful manD、EdisonS comment on failure【正确答案】D【答案解析】通过应用局部可以看出这段文字的主题是爱迪生对失败的评论。因 此选择Do第2题【单项选择题】填句补文】“Geochemists ju
3、st want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements/ says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge.A、An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table （元素周期表）to make chemistry simpler to teach to students.8、 The traditional periodic table was well drawn.C、“I imagine contour lines wou
4、ld be good for undergraduates/D、But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.【正确答案】c1【阅读选择】There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds l
5、argest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.Which country is the largest coffee producer?A、Brazil.B、Colombia.C、Ethiopia.D、Egypt.【正确
6、答案】A【答案解析】答题依据在本段的第三句。Producer与grower意思等同。第22题【单项选择题】2008.10 It is strongly held that new must be introduced to protect theright of the immigrants.A、statisticsB、constructionsC、measuresD、concessions【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查名词词义区分。【译文】强烈支持采取新措施维护移民的 权力。【详细解答】A统计学 B建设 C措施，方法 D让步，特许 权第23题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】People liv
7、ing north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows, and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters into the sky.Q:10 Pilots flying at the height of more than 2,100 meters saw a thick black c
8、olumn of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.A、TrueB、FalseC Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。该题说的是：飞行员飞行的高度超过2100米时，看见一 个黑色的火山灰和蒸汽从火山口急速上升到空气中。但是，文章中airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters int
9、o the sky.说的是靠近火山的地方出现了 一个黑色的火山灰和蒸汽上升到空气中，其高度超过2100米。因此该命题是错 误的。第24题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel, they never used it. Neither did they use metals other than copper. What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned（抛弃）many of the cities and built new ones
10、in the jungle. Some time around AD900, Mayan civilization collapsed. By the year 1200, their last great capital, Chichen Itza, was deserted.One of the most surprising findings about Mayas was that.A、 they developed accurate system measuring time.B、 they knew how to build pyramids with stones.C、 they
11、 deserted their cities and moved to new ones.D、 they built cities which they never lived in.【正确答案】c【答案解析】对应点为 What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned many of the cities and built new ones in the jungle.是对原文语意进行了 转化，最高级代替了比拟级。11第25题【单项选择题】阅读选择Do you think sitting and studying all
12、 the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too. New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didnt exercise.Walking regularly helps elderly people.A、lose weightB、become happierC、concentrate better
13、D、look younger【正确答案】C【答案解析】同义词替换有题干替换、选项替换。第26题【单项选择题】2009.10 Youd better leave things if you dont know how to deal withthem.A、offB、outC、aloneD、 over【正确答案】C【答案解析】【译文】如果你不知道如何处理这些事情，你最好把它们放在一边。【试题分析】此题考查词意区分。【详细解答】A离开，离去 B不在里面，出局 C单独的（地） D完结，翻倒，越过第27题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The future is much too important to s
14、imply guess about, the way the high school students did. by carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen.12A、The stock market had its worst losses everB、Buildings would rotate so they could follow the s
15、un to take maximum advantage of its light and heatC、So experts are regularly asked to predict accuratelyD、The article was written in 1958【正确答案】c【答案解析】第一句说的是：预测未来很重要，不能像中学生那样猜想。这一空 的关键词是experts,他们不同于中学生，他们的预测应该是较为准确的。第28题【单项选择题】【完成句子】In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been
16、 declining ever since. This is partly because, British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.Robots are less popular in Britain today partly
17、 because.A、too much energyB、based on American designsC、they are too costlyD、they are not reliable【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段第二句就是讲的两个原因，即人们的工资水平太低，也就是没 有能力使机器人发挥出创造财富的作用，言下之意就是本钱高。第二个原因就是 人们逐渐意识到了操纵机器人不是件容易的事情，所以使用率就下降了。所以应 该选C。第29题【单项选择题】2009.10 The room was quiet,the occasional coughing from my throat.A、in ca
18、seB、except for13C、by farD、instead of【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查介词短语意义区分。【译文】这个房间很安静，除了偶尔 从我喉咙里发出的咳嗽声以外。A以免、以防万一 B除了以外C到目前 为止D代替、而不是第30题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function and genetics, in their development and production of the young an
19、d in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a partic
20、ular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to show that a living thing may have the ability.A、to create an environment of its ownB、to remain still when an enemy is ne
21、arC、to make food from inorganic chemicalsD、to change the color of its skin【正确答案】A【答案解析】作者举例，证明观点；例子不需要看懂，关键要看论据；一般论点 在前（前一句或段落首句），论据在后。第31题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds p
22、lanted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants14 and humans was taken.Q: People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.A、TrueB、FalseC Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选Ao利用10, 000作为答案线索词（因为年代通常是用数字 表示），于是发现有句子提到当生活
23、在约一万年前中东地区的人们发现从某些植 物中可以收获粮食，并且播种后下一个收获季节还能产出更多的粮食时，就迈开 了植物和人类联系的第1大步。第32题【单项选择题】2009.10 As for family education, parents are encouraged to rely on ratherthan punishment.A、criticismB、intimidationC、persuasionD、scolding【正确答案】c第33题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in th
24、e United Statesone for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent ofAmerican managers w川 be using some sort of electronic work station.Q: At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A15【答案解析】答案选A。本段一开头就说到目前在美国大约有二千四百万台微型 电子计算机在使用中，
25、平均每十人就拥有一台。因此此题的表述是正确的。第34题【单项选择题】2009.04 Ive got the order from the boss that the work finished before5 p.m. today.A、would beB、beC、will have beenD、could be【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查名词从句中的虚拟语气。译文:我已经从老板那得到指令， 这项工作在今天下午五点钟之前要完成。详细解答：that引导同位语从句，说明 order的内容。同时从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+动词原形的形式， should可以省略。第35题【单项选择题
26、】【填句补文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people/s cigarettes. . The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exp
27、osure to secondhand smoke.A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.B、 In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.C、This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D、 No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has
28、lung cancer.【正确答案】C16【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟，接下来应首 选对此烟加以定义的句子。第36题【单项选择题】2009.04 It is not decided the conference will be held.A、whatB、whichC、whenD、that【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查主语从句的引导词的选择。译文：大会什么时候召开还没 有决定。详细解答：A什么；B哪一个；C什么时候；D （无词义）。第37题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already de
29、veloped a working compass. A piece of lodestone （天然磁石）would be cut into the shape of a ladle （长 柄勺）, Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the lodestone would move round until the handle of the ladle pointed south while the bulk （主体）of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This interes
30、tingly shaped device is mentioned in a book from about 80. Other ancient books may have dated it as far back as the fourth century Jade （玉石）finders played an important role in the invention of the ladle. They travelled great distances to look for jade. In order not to lose directions, they would tak
31、e a ladle with them.When did the Chinese invent the compass?A、In 1492.B、 In the thirteen century A.D.C、In A.D. 80.D、At least 2000 years ago.【正确答案】D【答案解析】 本段中 Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a17working compass.直接告诉我们中国创造指南针的时间。第38题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Income may be national income a
32、nd personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. Na
33、tional income does not equal GNP because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirec
34、t taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of th
35、e following statements is true according to the paragraph?A、 GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes.B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.C、Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes
36、 are paid.D、 The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题的依据是本段的The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income.这个句子。对原句的词语选项 D 用了别的表达方法，但大意仍保持不变。第39题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】There are many other foods that have traveled f
37、rom South America to18 the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink b
38、y Arabs during the lAOOs.Which country is the largest coffee producer?A、Brazil.B、Colombia.C、Ethiopia.D、Egypt.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答题依据在本段的第三句。Producer与grower意思等同。第40题【单项选择题】2010.04 Even after decades of the two brothers recognized each otherimmediately.A、separationB、cooperationC、correspondenceD、communicatio
39、n【正确答案】A【答案解析】【译文】尽管已经分别了几十年，这两兄弟都是立刻认出了对方。【试题分析】词汇题。【详细解答】名词的词义选取。第41题【单项选择题】Even with the new development in research, only a tiny of all tests aredone without using animals.A、varietyB、amountC plenty19【答案解析】这一段是剑桥大学的Albert Galy的原话，我们可以从引导整个关键 点得出答案。即：“地学化学家们只想通过直觉判断元素的活动。我想等高线对 学生们有好处第3题【单项选择题】【完成
40、句子】Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in a
41、ny country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person/s behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving that differs from country to country.The topic sentence of
42、 this paragraph is.A、 Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks.B、Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not.C The way of behaving that differs from country to country.D、In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners
43、 not to.【正确答案】c【答案解析】文章的最后一句话是对前面的一个总结，道出了本段的主题。因此 选择Co第4题【单项选择题】Each of us should aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A、 pushB、provideC turnD、set【正确答案】DD、proportion【正确答案】D【答案解析】本句的意思是：即使研究有了新的开展，只有一小局部的试验可 以不用动物”。因此答案为Do variety和plenty分别表示多样和大量的”,意 思不合适。amount后只能接不可数名词，而test是可数名词。第42题【单项选择
44、题】2010.04 The spokesman occasionally his speech with gestures.A、acknowledgesB、accompaniesC、attributesD、anticipates【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查词汇。【译文】这位发言人讲演中偶尔伴有手势。第43题【单项选择题】2009.10 Youd better leave things if you dont know how to deal withthem.A、offB、outC、aloneD、 over【正确答案】c【答案解析】【译文】如果你不知道如何处理这些事情，你最好把它们放在一
45、边。【试题分析】此题考查词意区分。【详细解答】A离开，离去 B不在里 面，出局 C单独的（地） D完结，翻倒，越过第44题【单项选择题】202009.04 Ive got the order from the boss that the work finished before5 p.m. today.A、would beB、beC、will have beenD、could be【正确答案】B答案解析】此题考查名词从句中的虚拟语气。译文：我已经从老板那得到指令， 这项工作在今天下午五点钟之前要完成。详细解答：that引导同位语从句，说明 order的内容。同时从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用sh
46、ould+动词原形的形式， should可以省略。第45题【单项选择题】2010.04 We should this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance.A、 bearB、putC、placeD、print【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查词汇题。【译文】我们应当牢牢记住：不要以貌取人。详 细解答】牢记在心：bear in mind或者keep in mind第46题【单项选择题】We were told that the stone figure back to the 16th century was of greatvalue.A
47、、datedB、datingC、comingD、kept21【正确答案】B【答案解析】本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。dating back to the 16th century的逻 辑主语是stone figureo第47题【单项选择题】阅读选择Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too. New research with older people suggests that takin
48、g regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didnt exercise.Walking regularly helps elderly people.A、lose weightB、become happierC、concentrate betterD、look younger【正确答案】c【答案解析】同义词替换有题干替换、选项替换。第48题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians （百岁老人）get asked all the time： ”Ho