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1、两板式塑料注塑模的浇口，分流道和主流道的优化摘要：本文介绍了两板式塑料注塑模的浇口，分流道和主流道的优化尺寸大 小。电子收款机(ECR)的塑料制品被用于这项研究中，其中有三个电子元器件 铸塑料制品包括登记套管顶部，底部套管和纸架。本文的主要目的是找出浇口， 主流道和分流道的最正确尺寸和最正确布局，找出导致浇口，主流道和分流道尺寸不 合适的原因。这项研究中使用了三种类型的软件，如CAD工具软件UG被用来 设计3D建模，犀牛软件作为标杆处理工具被用来设计浇口、分流道、主流道和 Moldex软件作为仿真工具被用来分析塑性流动。因此，修正了型腔进给系统的 位置和尺寸大小，以消除短杆，过充和两板系列注塑
2、模具焊缝问题。关键词：计算机建模；仿真流动；优化.简介通常的注塑过程包括三个阶段：注射，合模和冷却阶段。本文介绍了随着计 算机日益广泛的应用在设计工程，仿真软件在模具制造行业的重大影响,而大量 的商用软件市场也增加了1。ECR塑料产品采用相同的材质和色彩，然而各局部 尺寸大小不同。每个局部都有它自己的模具，但这个研究，所有的局部都用了这 种系列的模具。设计模具的困难阶段是决定这种系列注射模具的浇口、分流道、 主流道的布局、位置、大小与水孔的位置，。为了探讨了流动行为，Moldex 软件仿真软件用于分析塑性流动。1 .方法本研究首先从设计产品三维造型的ECR使用UG软件，然后在文件被转移 到犀牛
3、软件后处理。在犀牛软件的进给系统如浇口，分流道，主流道，水口和模 具设计进行了设计。最后，Moldex软件从犀牛软件中使用进口文件。塑料原料, 工艺条件决定前要进行注射，合模，冷却和热曲线分析。如果结果不符合，必须 修改后再进行，如图1所示。and steel enterprises, research and development of special series of die steel, molds and other mold-specific carbide special tools, auxiliary materials, and some promotion. Howev
4、er, due to the quality is not stable enough, the lack of the necessary test conditions and test data, specifications and varieties less, large molds and special mold steel and specifications are required for the gap. In the steel supply, settlement amount and sporadic users of mass-produced steel su
5、pply and demand contradiction, yet to be effectively addressed. In addition, in recent years have foreign steel mold set up sales outlets in China, but poor channels, technical services support the weak and prices are high, foreign exchange settlement system and other factors, promote the use of muc
6、h current.Mold supporting materials and special techniques in recent years despite the popularization and application, but failed to mature production technology, most still also in the exploratory stage tests, such as die coating technology, surface treatment technology mold, mold guide lubrication
7、 technology Die sensing technology and lubrication technology, mold to stress technology, mold and other anti-fatigue and anti-corrosion technology productivity has not yet fully formed, towards commercialization. Some key, important technologies also lack the protection of intellectual property.Chi
8、nas mold standard parts production, the formation of the early 80s only small-scale production, standardization and standard mold parts using the coverage of about 20%, from the market can be assigned to, is just about 30 varieties, and limited to small and medium size. Standard punch, hot runner co
9、mponents and other supplies just the beginning, mold and parts production and supply channels for poor, poor accuracy and quality.2 Die trend2.1 mold CAD / CAE / CAM being integrated, three-dimensional, intelligent and network directionmold software features integratedDie software features of integr
10、ated software modules required relatively complete, while the function module using the same data model, in order to achieve Syndicated news management and sharing of information to support the mold design, manufacture, assembly, inspection, testing and production management of the entire process to
11、 achieve optimal benefits. Series such as the UK Delcams software will include a surface / solid geometric modeling, engineering drawing complex geometry, advanced rendering industrial design, plastic mold design expert system, complex physical CAM, artistic design and sculpture automatic programmin
12、g system, reverse engineering and complex systems physical line measurement systems. A higher degree of integration of the software includes: Pro / ENGINEER, UG and CATIA, etc. Shanghai Jiaotong University, China with finite element analysis of metal plastic forming systems and Die CAD / CAM systems
13、; Beijing Beihang Haier Software Ltd. CAXA Series software; Jilin Gold Grid Engineering Research Center of the stamping die mold CAD / CAE / CAM systems .(1) mold design, analysis and manufacture of three-dimensionalTwo-dimensional mold of traditional structural design can no longer meet modem techn
14、ical requirements of production and integration. Mold design, analysis, manufacturing three-dimensional technology, paperless software required to mold a new generation of three-dimensional, intuitive sense to design the mold, using three-dimensional digital model can be easily used in the product s
15、tructure of CAE analysis, tooling manufacturability evaluation and CNC machining, forming process simulation and information management and sharing. Such as Pro / ENGINEER, UG and CATIA software such as with parametric, feature-based, all relevant characteristics, so that mold concurrent engineering
16、 possible. In addition, Cimatran company Moldexpert, Delcams Ps-mold and Hitachi Shipbuilding of Space-E/mold are professional injection mold 3D design software, interactive 3D cavity, core design, mold base design configuration and typical structure . Australian company Moldflow realistic three-dim
17、ensional flow simulation software MoldflowAdvisers been widely praised by users and applications. China Huazhong University of Science have developed similar software HSC3D4.5F and Zhengzhou University, Z-mold software. For manufacturing, knowledge-based intelligent software function is a measure of
18、 die important sign of advanced and practical one. Such as injection molding experts Cimatrons software can automatically generate parting direction based parting line and parting surface, generate products corresponding to the core and cavity, implementation of all relevant parts mold, and for auto
19、matically generated BOM Form NC drilling process, and can intelligently process parameter setting, calibration and other processing results.(2) mold software applications, networking trendWith the mold in the enterprise competition, cooperation, production and management, globalization, internationa
20、lization, and the rapid development of computer hardware and software technology, the Internet has made in the mold industry, virtual design, agile manufacturing technology both necessary and possible. The United States in its 21st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy that the auto industry by
21、2006 to achieve agile manufacturing / virtual engineering solutions to automotive development cycle shortened from 40 months to 4 months.2.2 mold testing, processing equipment to the precise, efficient, and multi-directionmold testing equipment more sophisticated, efficientSophisticated, complex, la
22、rge-scale mold development, testing equipment have become increasingly demanding. Precision Mould precision now reached 2 3|im, more domestic manufacturers have to use Italy, the United States, Japan and other countries in the high-precision coordinate measuring machine, and with digital scanning. S
23、uch as Dongfeng Motor Mould Factory not only has the capacity 3250mm x 3250mm Italian coordinate measuring machine, also has a digital photography optical scanner, the first in the domestic use of digital photography, optical scanning as a means of spatial three-dimensional access to information, en
24、abling the establishment from the measurement of physical 一 model output of engineering drawings the whole process of mold making, reverse engineering a successful technology development and applications. This equipment include: second-generation British Renishaw high-speed scanners (CYCLON SERIES2)
25、 can be realized and contact laser probe complementary probe, laser scanner accuracy of 0.05mm, scanning probe contact accuracy of 0.02 mm. Another German company GOM ATOS portable scanners, Japan Rolands PIX-30, PIX-4 desktop scanner and the United Kingdom Taylor Hopsons TALYSCAN150 multi-sensor, r
26、espectively Three-dimensional scanner with high speed, low-cost and functional composite and so on.(1) CNC EDMJapan Sodick linear motor servo drive using the companys AQ325L, AQ550LLS-WEDM have driven fast response, transmission and high positioning accuracy, the advantages of small thermal deformat
27、ion. Switzerland Chanmier company NCEDM with P-E3 adaptive control, PCE energy control and automatic programming expert systems. Others also used the powder mixed EDM machining technology, micro-finishing pulse power and fuzzy control (FC) technologies.(2) high-speed milling machine (HSM)Milling is
28、an important means of cavity mold. The low-temperature high-speed milling with the workpiece, cutting force is small, smooth processing, processing quality, processing efficiency (for the general milling process 5 to 10 times) and can process hard materials (60HRC) and many other advantages. Thus in
29、 the mold processing more and more attention. Ruishikelang company UCP71 O-type five-axis machining center, machine tool positioning accuracy up to 8|im, home-made closed-loop vector control spindle with a maximum speed 42000r/min. Italy RAMBAUDFs high-speed milling, the processing range of up to 25
30、00mm x 5000mm x 1800mm, speed up 20500r/min, cutting feed speed of 20m/min. HSM generally used large, medium-sized mold, such as motor cover mold, die casting mold, large plastic surface machining, the surface precision up to 0.01mm.2.3 mold materials and surface treatment technology developed rapid
31、lyIndustry to the level of mold, material application is the key. Due to improper selection and use of materials, causing premature die failure, which accounts for more than 45% failure die. In the mold material, commonly used cold work tool steel with CrWMn, Crl2, Crl2MoV and W6Mo5Cr4V2, flame hard
32、ened steel (such as Japan, AUX2, SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), etc.; used a new type of hot work die steel American H13, Sweden QRO80M, QRO90SUPREME, etc.; used a pre-hardened plastic mold steel (such as the U.S. P20), age-hardening steel (such as the U.S. P21, Japan NAK55, etc.), heat treatment hardened ste
33、el (such as the United States, D2, Japan, PD613, PD555, Sweden wins the White 136, etc.), powder die steel (such as Japan KAD 18 and KAS440), etc.; panel drawing die used HT300, QT60-2, Mo-Cr, Mo-V cast iron, large-scale mold with HT250. more regular use of Precision Die Hard Steel Results YG20 and
34、other alloys and carbide, in the mold surface treatment, the main trends are: the infiltration of a single element to the multi-element penetration, complex permeability (such as TD method) development; by the general diffusion to the CVD, PVD, PCVD, ion penetration , the direction of ion implantati
35、on, etc.; can use the coating are: TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, CrN, Cr7C3, W2C, etc., while heat from the air treatment means to the development of vacuum heat treatment. In addition, the current strengthening of the laser, glow plasma Nitriding and electroplating (plating) enhanced anti-corrosion techno
36、logies are also more and more attention.2.4 mold industry new techniques, new ideas and new models have been gradually recognizedIn the forming process, the main function of composite stamping die, superplastic forming, plastic precision molding technology, plastic mold gas-assisted injection techno
37、logy and hot runner technology, high-pressure injection molding technology. On the other hand, with the continuous development of advanced manufacturing technology and raise the level of mold industry as a whole, in the mold industry, there are some new design, production, management ideas and model
38、s. Concrete are: to adapt to the characteristics of mold-piece production flexible manufacturing technologies; to create the best management and effective teamwork, lean production; to enhance rapid response capabilities of Concurrent Engineering, Virtual Manufacturing and global agile manufacturing
39、, manufacturing of new production networks philosophy; extensive use of standard parts common parts of the division of work mode of production; meet the environmental requirements of sustainable development and green design and manufacturing.SummaryThe 21st century, in the new situation of economic
40、globalization, with capital, technology and labor market re-integration of equipment manufacturing in China after joining the WTO will become the world*s equipment manufacturing base. In the modem manufacturing industry, no matter which industry, engineering equipment, are increasingly used to provi
41、de the products from the mold industry. In order to meet the users high-precision mold manufacturing, short delivery time, the urgent demand low-cost, mold industry is extensive application of modem advanced manufacturing technology to speed up the mold industry, technological progress, to meet the
42、basic sectors of the mold process equipment urgent needs.模具的开展1模具在工业生产中的地位模具是大批量生产同形产品的工具，是工业生产的主要工艺装备。采用模具生产零部件，具有生产效率高、质量好、本钱低、节约能源和原材 料等一系列优点，用模具生产制件所具备的高精度、高复杂程度、高一致性、高 生产率和低消耗，是其他加工制造方法所不能比较的。已成为当代工业生产的重 要手段和工艺开展方向。现代经济的基础工业。现代工业品的开展和技术水平的 提高，很大程度上取决于模具工业的开展水平，因此模具工业对国民经济和社会 开展将起越来越大的作用。1989年3月
43、国务院公布的关于当前产业政策要点 的决定中，把模具列为机械工业技术改造序列的第一位、生产和基本建设序列 的第二位（仅次于大型发电设备及相应的输变电设备），确立模具工业在国民经济 中的重要地位。1997年以来，又相继把模具及其加工技术和设备列入了当前 国家重点鼓励开展的产业、产品和技术目录和鼓励外商投资产业目录。经 国务院批准，从1997年到2000年，对80多家国有专业模具厂实行增值税返还 70%的优惠政策，以扶植模具工业的开展。所有这些，都充分表达了国务院和国 家有关部门对开展模具工业的重视和支持。目前全世界模具年产值约为600亿美 元，日、美等工业兴旺国家的模具工业产值已超过机床工业，从1
44、997年开始， 我国模具工业产值也超过了机床工业产值。2我国模具工业现状及开展趋势由于历史原因形成的封闭式、“大而全”的企业特征，我国大局部企业均设有 模具车间，处于本厂的配套地位，自70年代末才有了模具工业化和生产专业化 这个概念。生产效率不高，经济效益较差。模具行业的生产小而散乱，跨行业、 投资密集，专业化、商品化和技术管理水平都比较低。据不完全统计，全国现有模具专业生产厂、产品厂配套的模具车间（分厂） 近17000家，约60万从业人员，年模具总产值达200亿元人民币。但是，我国 模具工业现有能力只能满足需求量的60%左右，还不能适应国民经济开展的需 要。目前，国内需要的大型、精密、复杂和
45、长寿命的模具还主要依靠进口。据海 关统计，1997年进口模具价值6.3亿美元，这还不包括随设备一起进口的模具； 1997年出口模具仅为7800万美元。目前我国模具工业的技术水平和制造能力， 是我国国民经济建设中的薄弱环节和制约经济持续开展的瓶颈。2.1 模具工业产品结构的现状按照中国模具工业协会的划分，我国模具基本分为10大类，其中，冲 压模和塑料成型模两大类占主要局部。按产值计算，目前我国冲压模占50%左 右，塑料成形模约占20%,拉丝模（工具）约占10%,而世界上兴旺工业国家 和地区的塑料成形模比例一般占全部模具产值的40%以上。我国冲压模大多为简单模、单工序模和符合模等，精冲模，精密多工
46、位 级进模还为数不多，模具平均寿命缺乏100万次，模具最高寿命到达1亿次以上, 精度到达35um,有50个以上的级进工位，与国际上最高模具寿命6亿次，平 均模具寿命5000万次相比，处于80年代中期国际先进水平。我国的塑料成形模具设计，制作技术起步较晚，整体水平还较低。目前 单型腔，简单型腔的模具达70%以上，仍占主导地位。一模多腔精密复杂的塑 料注射模，多色塑料注射模已经能初步设计和制造。模具平均寿命约为80万次 左右，主要差距是模具零件变形大、溢边毛刺大、外表质量差、模具型腔冲蚀和 腐蚀严重、模具排气不畅和型腔易损等，注射模精度已到达5um以下，最高寿 命已突破2000万次，型腔数量已超过
47、100腔，到达了 80年代中期至90年代初 期的国际先进水平。2.2 模具工业技术结构现状我国模具工业目前技术水平参差不齐，悬殊较大。从总体上来讲，与发 达工业国家及港台地区先进水平相比，还有较大的差距。在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP等技术设计与制造模具方面，无论是应用的广 泛性，还是技术水平上都存在很大的差距。在应用CAD技术设计模具方面，仅 有约10%的模具在设计中采用了 CAD,距抛开绘图板还有漫长的一段路要走； 在应用CAE进行模具方案设计和分析计算方面，也才刚刚起步，大多还处于试 用和动画游戏阶段；在应用CAM技术制造模具方面，一是缺乏先进适用的制造 装备，二是现有的工艺设备
48、（包括近10多年来引进的先进设备）或因计算机制 式（IBM微机及其兼容机、HP工作站等）不同，或因字节差异、运算速度差异、 抗电磁干扰能力差异等，联网率较低，只有5%左右的模具制造设备近年来才开 展这项工作；在应用CAPP技术进行工艺规划方面，基本上处于空白状态，需要 进行大量的标准化基础工作；在模具共性工艺技术，如模具快速成型技术、抛光 技术、电铸成型技术、外表处理技术等方面的CAD/CAM技术应用在我国才刚 起步。计算机辅助技术的软件开发，尚处于较低水平，需要知识和经验的积累。 我国大局部模具厂、车间的模具加工设备陈旧，在役期长、精度差、效率低，至 今仍在使用普通的锻、车、铳、包U、钻、磨
49、设备加工模具，热处理加工仍在使用 盐浴、箱式炉，操作凭工人的经验，设备简陋，能耗高。设备更新速度缓慢，技 术改造，技术进步力度不大。虽然近年来也引进了不少先进的模具加工设备，但 过于分散，或不配套，利用率一般仅有25%左右，设备的一些先进功能也未能得 到充分发挥。缺乏技术素质较高的模具设计、制造工艺技术人员和技术工人，尤其缺乏知 识面宽、知识结构层次高的复合型人才。中国模具行业中的技术人员，只占从业 人员的8%12%左右，且技术人员和技术工人的总体技术水平也较低。1980年 以前从业的技术人员和技术工人知识老化，知识结构不能适应现在的需要；而 80年代以后从业的人员，专业知识、经验匮乏，动手能力差，不安心，不愿学 技术。近年来人才外流不仅造成人才数量与素质水平下降，而且人才结构也出现 了新的断层，青黄不接，使得模具设计、制造的技术水平难以提高。2.3 模具工业配套材料，标准件结构现状近10多年来，特别是“八五”以来，国家有关部委已屡次组织有关材料 研究所、大专院校和钢铁企业，研究和开发模具专用系列钢种、模具专用硬质合 金及其他模具加工的专用工具、