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1、初中英语构词法大全（附初中英语基础知识题100道练习附答案）英语构词方法主要有三种：即合成、派生和转化。一.转化英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词， 形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词 性的方式就叫做词性的转化。阅读中经常出现转化词，只要抓住 单词的原始意思，结合句子成分，就容易弄清它们的引申义。1.动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大，有时有 一定的变化。1）动词转化为名词。如：Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday?下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行，好吗？句中的drive由动词转化为名词（词意引申为“驱车旅行”
2、）。I often go there for a walk.我经常去那里散步。（句中walk由动词转化为名词）2）名词转化为动词。如：Have you booked your ticket?你的票订好了吗？（句中book由名词转化为动词，词意引申为“订购”）Hand me your knife, please.形容词+名词highway, blackboard, hotdog, greenhouse动词+副词get-together, break-down名词+动名词handwriting, storytelling副词+名词outbreak, overcoat动名词+名词dining roo
3、m, sleeping car, reading-room.合成副词或代词。如：maybe, forever, myself, wholeheartedly,however, everyone, something4 .有时一个名词可以构成许多合成词。如：handbag, handball, handwriting, hand-made初中英语基础知识题100道练习附答案在单词拼写过程中，我们要注意以下四点:1 .名词的单复数及复数名词的变化规则。2 .动词的原形、三单和过去式形式。3 .形容词和副词的比较等级。4 .基数词和序数词的正确使用。10当然，基本的单词拼写不能出错，不能多字母，不能
4、少字母，字 母的顺序不能出错，分清字母的大小写。建议同学们做完题后再对照后面的答案My （学生）like me and I like them.1. Jim and David are my （同班同学）.2. These are my friends.（他彳、的）names are Han Mei and Wei Hua.3. Is Jim Kate s（兄弟）？4. Those are （香蕉）.5. These are（桔子）.6. These two （妇女） are my teachers.7. Is（每人）here today?8. Thats my bird,（它的） name
5、is Polly.9. Whats this in English? Its a （钟）.10. That s not your classroom, it s（我彳门 的）.11. There are many （动物）over there.12. Whats in the（双胞胎的）bedroom?13. Whats your （最喜欢的）colour?14. Are Tim and Tom in different（学校）？15. 一Whats the time?Its a （亥U钟）to seven.liAre there any（警察）in the room?16. His （衣服）
6、 are grey. What about yours?17. Can you count from one to a（百）?18. Whose （女儿） are the girls? Mr Kings.19. There are many people in that（市场）Chinese is our first （语言）.20. The teachers say we must do morning（操）every day.21. Those young men are（士兵）.22. He （教） us English well, so our English is very good
7、.23. Walking after supper is good for our（健 康）How much are the（西红柿）？24. The Greens are going to London for their （假 日）.29. They are from Canada, so they are（力口拿 大人）.30. I want to buy a （字典）for my son.31. We must do our homework（仔名田）.32. Are you （渴）or hungry?33. Their（4、刀）are all old, I want a new on
8、e.34. Is that （建筑物）a hotel or a shop?35. There are many farmers in the（田士也）.12Good morning, （孩子），are we all here now?36. Today is （星期二）,February 18th. Im on duty.37. r d like an （空的）box.38. How many（动物园）are there in that city?39. What （别的） can you see in the picture?40. My bike isnt （坏的），its OK.41.
9、Put your（书本）away, Lily and Kate.42. Yon can eat the cakes if you are （饿）Do you want any（水果）？43. I have porridge and eggs for（早餐）.44. There are some（块）of bread on the plate.45. Those boys are good at（游泳）.46. Don t （扔）the yo - yo like that.47. Michael Jordan is one of the best basketball（选 手）Are the b
10、oys （骑）bikes?48. Jim is （浇）the flowers.49. The shop in our school （关11） at 9 p. m.50. We have a class（会议）every week.51. To many people, the meaning of a name is （重要 的）.55. I dont want to go to Gansu, because the weather there13 is too （坏）.56. My grandpa often （讲） us stories.57. You can give him your
11、 best（祝愿）.58. Be quiet, the students are （上）lessons.59. They are going to their（故乡）next week.60. （或许）that man is a teacher; I think.61. Would you like to go for a（里子炊）with us tomorrow?62. r m very（累）,and I want to have a good rest.63. Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan are all big（城市）.64. r m going to give
12、 my English teacher some（漂 亮的）flowers for Teachers Day.65. Beijing is very（远）. We have to go there by air.66. Lets go （划月首）on the river.67. The monkeys climb up the trees（决）.68. September is the （九）month of the year.69. Lets meet （在夕卜面）the school gate.70. Which month is hotter,（十月）or September?71. W
13、e are going to have a party to（庆祝）TeachersThey are going shopping （一起）tomorrow.72. Who s（高），Lily or Lucy?14Who is the （年轻） in your class?73. Our teacher comes into the classroom（拿着）a book in his hand.74. I think his story is （有趣）of the three.75. You must wait at home（直至U） he comes back.76. His door
14、is closed, （没有人）is in.77. The farmers（种） potatoes on this farm.78. Its not a truck but a（拖拉机）.79. How many （星星）can you see in the sky?80. Tom runs 。快）than Jim.81. John wants to（饲养）the animals on the farm,Of all the animals, tigers are the（危险）.82. Tomorrow we are going to learn the（十二） lesson.83. 一Sh
15、all we go to the（电影院）this afternoon?OK.84. 一How many （婴儿）deer are there?一Three.85. Please（给 看）me your new watch, I d like to have a look.86. Why dont we meet a little （早）？ Lets make it1:30.15Sheep and rabbits just eat （草）.87. Shall we go and see the clothes（表演）this evening.88. He says we must keep o
16、ur eyes（I田）.89. Can you show me the way to the （博物馆）？90. My home is about three（公里）from our school.91. Youd better（说）it in English.92. r m sorry hes not at home at the（瞬间，片 刻）.93. I think its very hard to travel （环绕）the big city.94. There s a lake （在 内） the park.95. We cant help him, he has to ask a
17、 （女警察）for help.96. In a few _（月）time, it will be covered with green things.答案：15:students, classmates, Their, brother, bananas6-10: oranges, women, everyone, its, clock11-15: ours, animals, twins, favourite, schools16-20: quarter, policemen, clothes, hundred, daughters2125: market, language, exercis
18、es, soldiers, teaches26 -30: health, tomatoes, holiday, Canadians, dictionary1631-35: carefully, thirsty, knives, building, field36-40: children, Tuesday, empty, zoos, else41-45: broken, books, hungry, fruit, breakfast46-50: pieces, swimming, throw, players, riding51-55: watering, closes, meeting, i
19、mportant, bad56-60: tells, wishes, having, hometown, Maybe/Perhaps61-65: picnic, tired, cities, beautiful, far66-70: boating, quickly, ninth, outside, October71-75: celebrate, together, taller, youngest, with76-80: the most interesting, until/till, nobody, grow, tractor81-85: stars, faster, feed, mo
20、st dangerous, twelfth86-90: cinema, baby, show, earlier, grass91-95: show, closed, museum, kilometres, say96-100: moment, around/round, inside, policewoman, months17请把你的刀子递给我。（句中hand由名词转化为动词，词意引申为“传递”）.少部分形容词转化为动词。The train slowed down to half its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。（句中slow由形容词转化为动词，词意引申为“减速”）Dont dirt
21、y your clothes.别把你的衣服弄脏了。（句中dirty由形容词转化为动词，词意引申为“弄脏”）.形容词和名词之间的相互转化。The poor were not allowed to go into this p ark those days.那个时候，穷人是不允许进入这个公园的。（句中poor由形容词转化为名词，词意引申为“穷人”）They took the sick to hospital yesterday.昨天他们把那个病人送进了医院。（句中sick由形容词转化为名词，词意引申为“病人”）2 .有些词可以词形不变，只因重音变化而发生词类转化，有 时词义也可能变化。如：reco
22、rd rekoH v. I己录 record r Ikoxd n. t己录3 .有些词词形不变，只因词尾的清浊音变化而发生词类转化, 有时词形也可以变化。如：excuse ks !kju：z v.原谅 excuse ks !k ju：s n.原识use ju：z v.用 use ju：s n.用派生词是在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词。如:happy一unhappy （加前缀 un-）happy一happily （加后缀 Ty）1 .通过加前缀构成另一个词。前缀一般不造成词类的转换，但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。常用的前缀有:、乙 刖缀意义例词dis-不，相反的d
23、islike, disappear, dishonest1m-不impossible, impolitemis-错误的misuse, misunderstand, mistrustre-重新，再次rewrite, retellsuper-超级，上层supermarket, superman3tele-远telephone, telegram, televisionun-不unfair, unusual, unable, unlikeunder-卜而的underground, undergraduate个别前缀也可以引起词类的变化，如：en-可以和名词或形容词构成动词：enlarge （扩大），
24、enable（使能够），encourage （鼓励）；a-可以和名词构成形容词：asleep （睡着的）；out-可以和一些动词构成名词：outcome （结果），outlet（出 口），outlook （观点）。2 .通过加后缀构成另一个词。后缀不仅能改变词义，也能改变词类。1）常用的构成名词的后缀:后缀意义例词-er人，动作者worker, singer, recorder, teacher-or人，动作者actor, visitor, editor-1人，主义chemist, dentist, scient4st者ist,-ess女性actress, waitress-hood身份，状态
25、childhood, boyhood-ment行为，动作，结果government, movement, development-ness状态，性质illness, happiness-1on动作，状态discussion, decision, organization-th状态length, wealth, truth-ese人Japanese, Chinese*-1an人American, musician, historian-ship状态friendship, membership2）常用的构成动词的后缀:无缀意义例词en动词词尾widen, strengthen, darken,fy
26、动词词尾beautify3）常用的构成副词的后缀:后缀意义例词-ly副词词尾slowly, happily, simply-ward(s)副词词尾eastward(s), backward(s)4）常用的构成形容词的后缀:后效意义例词able的agreeable, payable, readablean的European, American, Canadianal的political, musical由woolen, golden6en制成ed的blue-eyedful充满的careful, painful, hopefulish的foolish, Swedishless没有的careless
27、, homeless, endlessly充满，性质friendly, lovely, motherlyOUS有的famous, dangerousy充满，性质rainy, dirty, sunny, cloudy, sleepy5）数词后缀后缀J目、义例词teen1-几thirteen; fifteen; eighteen几forty; fifty; ninetytyfifth; sixth; eighthth三.合成将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词，叫做合成词。合成词在英语中比较活跃，广泛运用在涉及各个领域的语言文字中。常用的合成词的构成方法如下:1.合成形容词常见的构成方法:
28、构成方法例词形容词+名词 + -edwhite-haired, warm-hearted, kind-hearted形容词+现在分词good-looking, easy-going形容词+过去分词ready-made, new-born副词+现在分词hard-working, well-meaning副词+过去分词well-known, newly-built名词+现在分词English-speaking, south-facing名词+过去man-made, water-covered8分词名词+形容词snow-white, homesick副词/形容词+名词right-hand, full-time数词+名词100-meter, mi 1lion-pound数词+名词+形容词180-foot-high, 10-year-old数词+名词+ edfour-legged, one-eyed2.合成动词常见的构成方法:3.合成名词常见的构成方法:构成方法例词副词+动overcome, underst词and形容词dry-clean, white-+ 动词wash名词+动typewrite, sleepw词alk9构成方法例词名词+名词classroom, schoolgirl, weekend, bookshop