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1、绪论1 控制系统的组成:调节器、执行器、变送器2 联络信号和传输方式:控制仪表及装置采用统一信号传输气动单元组合仪表:kPa10020气压信号电动单元组合仪表:DDZ-II型mA100直流电流DDZ-III型mA204直流电流或者V51直流电压注:国际标准信号:电流mA204,电压V513 电流信号传输和电压信号传输电流信号:仪表之间相互串接,一台仪表发生故障影响其它仪表的使用,适合远距离传送;电压信号:仪表之间相互并联,增加或取消某个仪表不影响其他仪表的工作,容易引入误差,不适合远距离传送4.变送器的信号传输:四线制传输:供电电源和输出信号各用两根线;电源与信号分别传送,对电流信号零点及元器
2、件功耗无严格要求两线制传输:两根传输导线既是电源线,又是信号线;节省电缆线和安装费用,有利于安全防爆;采用这种方式,电流信号下限不能为零,DDZ-II仪表只能用四线制5.本质安全防爆两个必要条件:自身不产生非安全火花;安全场所的非安全火花不能窜入危险场所实现方法:在现场使用本质安全型防爆仪表,在控制室和危险场所仪表之间设置安全栅注意:除了上述之外,还需注意系统的安全和布线调节器1.调节器的正作用和反作用偏差:sixx(ix变送器输出,sx给定值)正偏差0反偏差0正作用调节器:如果偏差0,调节器输出变化量0y反作用调节器:如果偏差0,调节器输出变化量0y2.调节器的运算规律调节器的输出信号通常是
3、指其变化量y,其实际输出为yyy比例运算(P)数学表达式:pKy(pK为比例增益)传递函数:PKsEsYsW)()()(特点:响应非常及时,没有丝毫滞后,系统有余差比例度:%1001PK比例积分运算(PI)理想的数学表达式:)1(dtTKyIP(IT积分时间)传递函数:)11()(sTKsWIP实际数学表达式:)1)(1(1IiTKtIPeKKy传递函数:sTKsTKsWIIIP1111)(,积分增益)0()(yyKI实际 PI调节特性接近于理想PI 调节器的特性积分时间:当偏差为阶跃信号时,调节器的积分输出增大到与比例输出相等所需的时间积分时间越短,积分速度越快,积分作用越强特点:能消除余差
4、,积分作用控制动作缓慢,与比例作用组合使用调节精度:控制点最大偏差的相对变化量,表征调节器消除余差的能力%1001IPKK(值越低,调节精度越高,消除余差能力越强)比例微分运算规律(PD)理想数学表达式:)(dtdTKyDP(PK微分时间)传递函数:)1()(sTKsWDP实际数学表达式:)1(1tTKDPDDeKKy(微分增益DK)传递函数:sKTsTsWDDD111K)(P理想与实际偏差较大,一般以实际为准微分时间:衡量微分作用的强弱微分时间越长,微分输入衰减越慢,微分作用越强特点:根据偏差变化速度调节,超前调节,微分作用在偏差输出恒定不变时输出为零,与比例作用组合使用文档编码:CW4F8
5、L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8
6、X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E
7、9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4
8、F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3
9、N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H
10、4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:C
11、W4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8比例积分微分运算规律理想数学表达式:)1(dtdTdtTKyDIP传递函数:)11()(sTsTKsWDIP实际传递函数:sKTsTKsFTsFTsWDDIIDI1111)((F相互干扰系数)各输出波形请自行参考课本3.基型控制器:对来自变送器的V51直流电压信号与给定值相比较,所产
12、生的偏差信号进行 PID运算,输出mA204的控制信号组成:输入电路、PD电路、PI电路、输出电路、软手操电路和硬手操电路4.输入电路:采用偏差差动电平移动电路(特点)输入电路的作用:将偏差信号放大两倍后输出电平移动,将以0V 为基准的信号转换成以电平BV(10v)为基准的输出信号采用偏差差动输入的作用:使导线上压降陈伟共模信号,消除导线上压降引起的误差进行电平移动的作用:使运算放大器工作在允许的共模电压输入范围以内5.PD 电路特点:同向端输入,输入阻抗高可通过开关切换为分作用在微分网络中可调节微分时间,在比例电路中可调整比例增益6.PI电路IC与MC组成比例运算电路MC与IR组成积分运算电
13、路9.1k1kIC2+-RpR1RRp01oV2oVn11DCDRKD9.1k1kIC3+-DW2.4k3.9kBG24VK1K2K3X10X1MCIRIC2oV3oV文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L
14、7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X
15、8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9
16、Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F
17、8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N
18、8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4
19、E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8简化电路:积分饱和问题:只要2oV存在,就不断对电容MC充放电,是电容电压不断增加或减小,而输出
20、电压是被限幅的,一旦被限幅,输出电压就与电容电压不相等,产生“积分饱和”积分饱和的后果:当输入电压极性相反,输出电压不能及时跟上输入电压的变化,从而使控制品质变坏。积分饱和解决办法:借助于特种控制器,在输出被限制时,停止对电容继续按原来的方向充放电,使其不产生积分饱和现象7.输出电路:电压电流转换电路负载电压以零伏为基准8.手动操作电路软手操:按一定速率积分输出硬手操:迅速调节输出无平衡无扰动切换无扰动切换:自动手动切换瞬间调节其输出不发生变化无平衡切换:自动手动切换时无需实现调平衡DDZ-III型调节器中,无平衡无扰动切换:软手操软手操;硬手操自动;自动自动;硬手操软手操必须进行平衡操作切换
21、:硬手操硬手操;软手操自动无平衡无扰动切换的实现软手操自动:有自动切换到软手操,如果不扳动软手操开关,运算放大器的反向端是浮空的,由于电路具有保持性,使输出不变自动硬手操)(软手操:手动操作时,电容IC右端右端接在BV,电容MC左端与运放的反向端连接,电位也为BV,因此切换瞬间电容无充放电现象。9.抗积分饱和调节器积分反馈限幅调节器:采用反馈电路限制积分电容两端电压,不让其超出正常工作范围PI-P调节器:在调节器输出超过正常工作范围时,切除积分作用,使其在纯比例调节规律下工作变送器1.基本概念与原理作用:将各种工艺参数转换成统一标准信号构成:测量部分,放大部分,反馈部分原理:负反馈原理IC3+
22、-ICIR2oVmVo 2FVTVMC3oV文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS
23、1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码
24、:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10
25、 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5
26、ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档
27、编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N
28、10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8输入输出关系:要求输出信号与输入信号之间保持线性关系输入输出关系)(1ozCxKFKy1KF,采用深度负反馈,实现输入输出线性化2.量程调整、零点迁移和零点调整量程调整:使变送器输出信号的上限值与输入信号(测量范围)上限
29、值相对应零点调整和零点迁移:使变送器的输出信号的下限制与测量信号下限值相对应当0minx,零点调整;当0minx,零点迁移零点迁移后,仅改变了测量的上下限,未改变变送器的量程(测量范围大小不变)调整原因:变送器输出信号范围不变(1-5V 或 4-20mA),而输入信号随使用场合不同而变化3.力平衡式差压变送器oI00010)(FKllFAllPKffP,输入与输出线性,ffPKlltgAllK231量程调整:改变矢量角和电磁结构常数fK,其中变化范围154,可调整量程比83.3415tgtg;电磁结构常数可改变量程比3:1,故可调整最大量程比为1:4.111:38.3注意:量程调整时,调整量程
30、范围会影响仪表的零点,而调整零点时会影响仪表的满度值,故在进行仪表的调校时,应反复调整差动变送器:将位移信号转换成电压信号4.电容式差压变送器特点:采用差动电容作为检测元件,没有杠杠机构,无机械传递及调整装置,测量部分采用全封闭焊接固体化结构。结构简单,性能稳定、可靠,具有较高的精度构成:测量部分和转换放大部分。输入压差作用于感压膜片,产生位移,使差动电容的电容量发生变化。电容电流转换电路转换成电流信号,与调零信号相加后同反馈信号比较,差值放大后得倒整机输出电流。注:电容差值与位移关系非线性,两电容的差与两电容的和之比与位移成线性关系5.温度变送器:品种:直流毫伏变送器热电偶温度变送器热电阻温
31、度变送器组成:量程单元(不一致):对输入信号、零点调整迁移信号、反馈信号叠加运算、且有一些其他功能,如冷端温度补偿、非线性补偿、以及引线电阻补偿放大单元(相同):对信号进行电压放大和功率放大。对仪表进行隔离供电直流交流直流(DC/AC/DC)变化电路,既为功率放大电路提供方波电源,又为文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H
32、4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:C
33、W4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 H
34、G3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS
35、1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码
36、:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10
37、 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5
38、ZS1H4E9Z8V8运放和量程单元提供直流电。热电偶温度计中冷端温度补偿:在四线制温度计中用两个铜电阻对冷端温度补偿线性化原理:热电偶温度变送器:由于热电势与温度非线性,欲使输入信号与温度线性化,只需负反馈电压与温度关系非线性,且与热电偶的特性相一致,则经过两者相减后,放大电路的输入线性化,而放大电路输入输出是线性的,即整个电路线性化。(折线法近似非线性曲线)热电偶温度变送器:采用正反馈方法,把热电阻两端电压信号引至运放的同相端,使运放的输出电流随热电势增大而增大(即随升高而增大),从而补偿热电阻随被测温度升高其变化量逐渐减小的趋势,最终使得放大电路输入信号与温度线性关系。热电偶温度及的引线
39、电阻补偿电路:三线制连接,只有量程上限完全补偿。6.四线制温度变送器的隔离式输入输出电路目的:为了避免输入和输出之间有直接点的联系(隔离式供电将温度变送器与外部电源隔离,隔离输出电路将变送器和外部负载隔离)实现方法:采用直流交流直流变化器读变送器进行隔离式供电,在功率放大器和输出回路之间设置隔离变送器(电流互感器)。运算器1 乘除器矩形脉冲调高调宽式乘除器构成原理:应用调宽电路与调高电路构成基本的乘法运算,采用深度负反馈原理,在1x和S之间加入反馈乘法电路,使输出信号的大小仅与输入信号21、xx和3x有关,而不受变量漂移和非线性的影响。乘法器的乘法关系:占空系数S和控制矩形脉冲幅值的信号x相乘
40、乘除器的输入输出关系:oV1)()(1(33221KVKVVNiii(乘除运算)其中:3210NNNNN,1222NVKp1333NVKp采用这种运算关系的原因:可实现乘除运算、乘后开方运算、乘法运算、和除法运算等不同运算2K和3K的大小和正负均可改变,以适应气体流量测量时的温度和压力的补偿时,有:1,当33KVVoi1)(1(221KVVNViio(乘后开方)时,有:1,5当33KVVi1)(1(4221KVVNViio(乘法运算)文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V
41、8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7
42、L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8
43、V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z
44、8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8
45、L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8
46、X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E
47、9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8时,有:1,5当22KVVi114331KVVNViio(除法运算)2.自激振荡时间分割器作用:实现乘除运算。输入输出关系3121113132111222VVVVkVVkV振荡器的起振条件:1131VV限幅条件:5.22N,5.23N量程条件:输入信号V51,输出信号V51或mA204工组原理较为复杂,见课本P88 3.开方器主要用于流量的自动检测和自动控制系统一般情况下,不用乘除器作为开方器使用,因为乘除器中没有小信号切
48、除电路相比于乘除器,去除了不必要的输入电路2、3 及两套附加偏置电路,将比例放大器的输出接至乘法电路2 的输入端,增设了小信号切除电路。输入输出关系:111ioVKV=1121iV4.小信号切除电路:输入信号小于满量程1%时,使开方器输出为零112,时,仪表有正常输出04.1输入电压1.4v时,4.1输入电压1,时,输出信号被切除04.1输入电压ioioioiVVVVVvVVVVV原因:输入信号很小时,放大系数非常大,输入信号的小波动会引起输出信号很大的变化执行器1.执行器基本概念组成:执行机构和调节机构两部分类别:气动、电动、液动2.气动执行机构:两种:薄膜式和活塞式薄膜式:结构简单、价格低
49、廉、输出行程小活塞式:输出行程长、推动力大,价格昂贵,只在特殊情况下使用输入输出关系:1)1(TsKCTsAplseo(一阶滞后环节)克服非线性:在执行机构上附加阀门定位器。文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4
50、F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3N8X8V8B5 ZS1H4E9Z8V8文档编码:CW4F8L7L6N10 HG3