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1、高考英语语法之状语从句高考英语语法：状语从句在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、条件、方式、比拟、让步等种类。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词有:when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner.than, hardly/scarcely.whenz the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the fi
2、rst time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly 等。主将从现语法规那么2寸间，条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。No matter what he is, he will be punished. I will go if you go.1 .表示一就”的句型as soon as/once As soon as he arrives, III call you. 一.就, 一旦1,常用的连词有so that, sothat, suchthat, that
3、o结果状语从句 中一般无情态动词。He had overslept so that he was late for work.My pen fell under my desk that I couldnt see it.2, so/such .that : She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her.=She is such a beautiful girl that all the boys of our class like her.He spoke at the top of his voice
4、so that the students at the back could hear him.（目的状语从句）He spoke at the top of his voice, so that the students at the back heard him.他说话声音很高，结果 后面的同学都听见了。（结果状语从句）so that引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号和主句隔开，从句里没有表 目的的情态动词may, can, might或could。3, many/few /much/little 前只有 sohere are so many apples on the desk that we
5、 each have one.There is so little water that you cant drink.little表小,可爱时,用such不用so修饰。Such little children made so many toys.名词such形副so,多多少少还是so, little 一词有多解,少是such小 是so.七、方式状语从句由 as, as if (as though)弓 |导。Do as you like. He spoke as if he had been there before.as if, as though从句与事实相反时用虚拟语气，与事实相符，不用
6、虚 拟语气。八、比拟状语从句常用连词 than, as .as., not as/so. asHe ran as far as he could. Pm not as/so tall as he/him.the more . the more.引导，且经常以省略形式出现The harder you try, the better you will understand.九、让步状语从句由 though, although, as, even if/though , no matter wh-z wh-ever 词，whether.or (不管都)，when, while 等引导。1, thou
7、gh, although这两个连词用法基本一样，前者口语化,后者较 正式，常位于句首，都不与but连用，但可以和yet,still .nevertheless 连用。Though /Although he was worn out, he kept on working.2, as引导让步状语时从句用倒装语序Child as he is, he knows a lot. Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone. Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.Great a scientist
8、as he is, he remains modest.Though可倒装可不倒装，although不可倒装.Bravely though the players fought, they had no chance of winning.3, even if （尽管;即使）,even though （尽管）意义基本相同，可用于虚拟，表即使时有假设含义，一般用even if0Well make trip even if（though） the weather is bad.Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job.（虚报I）whe
9、ther. or.可弓 I导让步状语从句 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.4, z/no matter + wh-n引导让步状语从句 no matter who = whoever no matter what = whateverno matter which = whichever no matter where = whereverno matter how = however No matter what happened, he would not mind.Its a nice room no matter whom (whoev
10、er) it belongs to.no matter + wh-结构只能引导让步状语从句，而wh-ever形 式除引导让步状语从句外,还可以引导名词性从句。whoever = anyone whowhatever = anything that z wherever = anyplace whereI will give the book to whoever needs it I like whatever you like.5, when引导让步状语从句时置于主句后，虽然却，尽管但，本 应，却。 He walks when he might take a taxi, when 从句用虚拟
11、 式为:could/should . have done , She stopped trying when she might succeed next time.while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与though同，但though从 句可倒装。十、状语从句的省略现象1,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或为it,同时从句谓语含be动 词，就可省从句的主语和be动词。Don t speak until (you are) spoken to.if (it is) possible, If so, if necessary , if any , if in needo2,状语从句中now (
12、that), so . (that)句式中,that可省略3,虚拟语气倒装结构中省略if。选择填空you ve tried it, you can t imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. WhenHe left in a hurry he forgot his key.A. such, that B. so, that C. the same, as D. such, asHe has loved me I were his son. A. because B. as C. if D.as thoughd
13、on t think Y II need any money but I II bring someA. as last B. in case C. once again D. in timeSomeone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer. A. as B. since C. before D. until5. We must do it well,there are a lot of difficulties.A. as if B. as though C. even thoug
14、h D. even ashas taken part in the Athens Olympic Games is worth praising no matter he has won medals or not.A. Who; if B. Anyone; whether C. Whoever; whether D. Whoever; how-It s a long time I saw you last.-Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time we see each other again. A. before
15、; since B. since; when C. since; before D. when; beforeThe head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort he returned to his office. A. until B. while C. by thetime D. the momentHe had already walked three or four miles he saw a cart by the side of the road. A. while B. when C. the m
16、oment D. unless7. Much the young couple needed money to make thedown payment for the apartment, they wouldn t ask their parents for help.A. although B. as C. even if D. whilehave kept the photo I can always see it, as it remindsme of the days when I studied in Britain.A. at which B. when C. where D.
17、 at the placewould appreciate it you can help me with my Englishthis afternoon.A. because B. until C. when D. ifyou may be right, I can t altogether agree.A. As B. While C. If D. Sincewas 1998 I graduated from the university.A. It; when B. It; that C. That; when D. That; thatThe famous scientist gre
18、w up he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever14. It gives me great joy and I feel more pressure than I did I won in China,“ Ding Junhui said. A. that B. when C. whichD. how15. Parents should take seriously their children, s requests for sunglasses eye pro
19、tection is necessary in sunny weather.A. because B. through C. unless D. ifJohn shut everyone out of the kitchen he could preparehis grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so that D. as ifeverybody knows about it, I donz t want to talk any more.A. For B. Even C. Since D. Howeverhe s old,
20、he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So16. Do you know if he to play basket ball with us?-I think he will come if he free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will beIn the zoo if a child into the water and can t swim, thedolphins may come
21、up him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D.falls; helpingdon t remember he worked in that city when hewas young.A. what B. which C. where D. whoWe will stay at home if my aunt to visit us tomorrow.A. comes B. come C. will come D. is comingThe police asked the children cross
22、 the streetthe traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. don t; when C. not to; until D. not; afterwas late for class yesterday there was somethingwrong with my Eke.A. when B. that C. until D. becauseT II go swimming with you if I free tomorrow.A. will be B. shall be C. am D. wasIn the exam, th
23、e you are, the mistakes you willmake.A. careful; little B. more careful; fewestC. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less28. You should finish your lessons you go out to play.A. before B. after C. when D. whilehurried I wouldn7 t be late for class. A. since B. so thatC. as if D. unlessWhen you rea
24、d the book, you d better make a mark you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though32. The teacher raised his voice all the students couldhear him.A. for B. so that C. because D. in orderHe took off his coat he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D.sinceIt is that wez d like to go out for
25、a walk.2) on doing sth./on ones + n. On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.3) no sooner .than , hardly/scarcely.when , 不放句首，不侄！)装。No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang.4) ) the moment, the instant, the minute, the
26、secondThe moment I saw him, I recognized him. Well leave the minute you are ready.5)有些副词如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作连词，后接从 句。1 left immediately the clock struck 5.2 . when, while, as引导时间状语从句when既可指时间点，也可指时间段。从句动词可以是短暂的也可是 延续的，主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。I was thin when I was a child. It was raining when
27、 I arrived.when在以下结构中，译成这时，它引导的是并列句A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day36. Mary had much work to do that she stayed at her officeall day.A. such B. so C. too D. very I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if1-5 AADBC 6
28、-10 CCCDB 11-15 BCDBA 16-20 CBACC21-25 ACBCA 26-30 CDCCA 31-35 BCBAC 36-37 BAbe about to do . when, be doing . when, had done -when, beon ones way . when, be on the point of doing . when2) while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一 段时间内发生主句动作，相当于during the time that.My mother was cooking while I was doing my
29、homework. I am safe while I am here.while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导并列句，作“然而讲；并可在 句首引出让步状语从句作虽然但讲。Hike watching TV, while he likes reading.While he has his own car, he often uses mine.3) as的用法as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指 短暂动作。As I left the house, I forgot the key.as还可说明两种正在开展或变化的情况，随着的意思，表时间的 推移。As I get old
30、er, I get more optimistic.as表一边一边.，引出伴随动作。He hurried home, looking behind as he went 用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。As he was going out, it began to rain.as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.3, before引导的时间状语从句before引导的时间状语从句不用否认式谓语。Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had
31、 gone.在在be +时间段+ before从句句型中，译成才，就。It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers.It was not long before he came back.lt was a week before he could tell his story.It wasnt long before he told us about himself.before 可译成未来得及 He had measured me before I could get a word
32、.before 可译成趁着还没Ill write it down before I forgetuntil 和 till 1) 延续性动词肯定式+until表示动作延续到为止，译为直 到为止，I waited for him until he came back.2)”终止性动词的否认式+ until表示直到才。He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work.终止性动词(短暂动作)：put on, come, go, get, borrow, buy, fall, leavejoin, finish, die, catch, arrive,
33、reach 等 z 相应的延续性动词： keep, wear, have, be 等3)用于强调句式It is not until .that.It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.4)not until放在句首时，主句倒装。句首和强调句中要用until ,而不 用 till ; not.until.句型中不用 till。4, since引导时间状语从句，意为自从时起，主句要用完成时。二、地点状语从句1,地点状语从句主要由 where, wherever anywhere, everywhere 引 导
34、。We must camp where we can get water. I will follow you wherever you go.2,地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。Go back where you came from. （ where 弓I导地点状语从句）Go back to the village where you came. （ where 弓 I导定语从句 = from which ）三、原因状语从句原因状语从句由 because, as, since, now （that）（既然）,in that （因 为
35、,多于口语中）,seeing （that）（鉴于,由于）considering that （考 虑到）等引导。1, because用来回答why的问题,表直接的因果关系，语气最强，可 用于强调句。It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.because是连词z引导从句,because of是介词短语。2, since, as, now that引导的原因状语从句，不能用于强调句。since的语气比because稍弱，表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于原因 已经清楚了的事情，一般译成既然，鉴于（往往放在主句之前）Since you have
36、 known the secret, I neednt say anything about it.3, as语气最弱，说明一般的因果关系，表显而易见的原因或倒果为因 的说法，可放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后。As the ground is wet, it must have rained last night.（侄！果为因）now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。now that放句首时 that可省略：Now （that） everybody is here, lets begin.4, for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种 情况加以推断，表示补充说明
37、理由。而推断的理由会因人而异。语气很 弱，一般后置。He must be ill, for he is absent today.6,原因状语从句有时可以用分词形式表现。As he was blind, he couldnt see anything. Being blind, he couldnt see anything.四、条件状语从句1,由 if, unless (ifnot), so/as long as, supposing(that)(假设)， in case(万一,以防.),so/as far as(就而言),on condition that (条件是),provided/p
38、roviding (that)(假假设)引导。I wont go unless Pm invited.Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.You may use the room as/so long as you clean it up afterwards.2,祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+陈述句”的句型中，相当于 条件状语从句。Use your head, and youll find a way. Hurry up or else (otherwise) you II be late.3, if only 也
39、可以引导条件状语从句,If (only) it clears up, I will go.If only he had told me last week, I would have given him some help.4,条件句中的虚拟与倒装) if引导的条件状语从句假设与过去或现在事实不符，或对未来进行不 可能的假设，就要用虚拟语气。1 ）省略if的虚拟条件从句：假设条件从句的谓语动词有were, had或should,可以把if省去，而把were , had或should移到主语前构成倒装。Had I arrived there earlier, I would have seen
40、him.Were it not for him, I would not have the chance to go home.Should he be here tomorrow, I would give him a hand.五、目的状语从句由 so that（以便）,in order that（为了 ） zfor fear that（二 in case ） （以免）,lest （以防）引导,谓语常含 may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。They set out early so that they might arrive at the station in good time.He wrote the name down for fear that （ lest） he would forget.当从句与主句主语一致时，可用to do, so as to do, in order to do结 构换用。六、结果状语从句